Ice (mkati injini kuyaka): makhalidwe onse, mitundu

Kukula matenthedwe mpweya lero ntchito zipangizo zambiri. injini Izi turbojet, ndi injini dizilo, carburetors ndi ... Kutentha wagawo angakhale mitundu iwiri:

• kunja injini kuyaka;
• Ice (mkati kuyaka injini).

Tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane wachiwiri mtundu chipangizo.

makhalidwe General

Mu magalimoto ambiri masiku ano, zipangizo amenewa anaika, mmene mkati kuyaka injini mfundo kumafuna kulekana kwa kutentha ndi kusintha mu ntchito makina. Zimenezi anachita mu zonenepa ndi.

The embodiments kothandiza kwambiri amaphatikizidwa kusamutsidwa ndi Motors.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo ndi kukula ochepa ndi kulemera. Koma drawback kuti izi ndi kayendedwe ka pisitoni, amene amapezeka mu reciprocating chikhalidwe ndi nawo limagwirira tiyipukuse, amene pa dzanja limodzi, amapanga ntchito yovuta kwambiri, koma ena - ndi malire kuonjezera liwiro. Zoipitsitsa posachedwapa noticeable pamene lalikulu galimoto miyeso.

Creation, chitukuko, ambiri, ntchito ya injini kuyaka mkati, kumene wachokera pa zotsatira za kuwonjezeka ikukhudzana momwe mpweya mkangano agwire ntchito zothandiza. Chifukwa, kuthamanga kuyaka mu yamphamvu ndi mwadzidzidzi kudumphira ndipo amayendayenda ndi pisitoni. Izi ndi mfundo za mphamvu kanthu, amene anachita pamene patsogolo matenthedwe Monga ntchito injini mkati kuyaka njira zamakono ena.

Kuti zothandiza mphamvu mawotchi ndi anachita mosalekeza, chipinda kuyaka ayenera limabwezeretsa mpweya mafuta osakaniza, kotero kuti pisitoni akutulutsira crankshaft, ndi wotsiriza - gudumu.

magalimoto ambiri lero ali anayi sitiroko, ndi mphamvu mwa iwo pafupifupi mwathunthu n'kukhala abwino.

A mbiri pang'ono

Limagwirira woyamba wa mtundu chinalengedwa 1860 ndi injiniya French ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri izo National akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito zinayi adzizungulira, pamene ntchito ya injini kuyaka mkati chikuphatikizapo suction, psinjika, kuyaka ndi kukula, ndi utsi.

Mu 1878, German sayansi chetyrehtaktnik anatulukira choyamba, dzuwa la amene anafika pa 22%, amene kwakukulukulu kuposa maonekedwe a akalambula onse.

mota amenewa anayamba kupeza yogawa lonse muzochitika zosiyana za moyo. Lero ntchito magalimoto, ulimi makina, sitima, sitima, ndege, zomera mphamvu ndi zina zotero.

Ubwino ndi kuipa

Makamaka anafotokoza ndi bwino makhalidwe othandiza lili mu dzuwa, compactness ndi kusinthasintha wabwino. Komanso, injini akhoza kuthamanga mu zinthu kwambiri wamba, ndiye mofulumira inapita nufikira katundu zonse. Galimoto ngati n'kofunika harakteristkah monga kwambiri braking makokedwe.

Kuyaka injini (injini) akhoza kugwira ntchito utsi chosiyana, kuchokera mafuta Kutentha kukatentha mafuta.

Komabe, injini awa ndi chiwerengero cha kuipa, lomwe ndi mphamvu zochepa, phokoso, ndi sizachilendo crankshaft kasinthasintha pa chiyambi-mmwamba, kulephera kugwirizana kwa magudumu pagalimoto, ndi kawopsedwe, ndi pisitoni reciprocates.

nyumba

The nyumba ndi kamangidwe tingachipeze powerenga ongokhala yamphamvu, ndipo mitu yawo pa nkhani ya kugawanika m'munsi gawo la crankcase, ndi chimango lofunika ndi lids. Zimachitika monoblock kamangidwe. Chotero zosiyanasiyana mwachibadwa zikusonyeza njira ina kukonza.

Zochitika za injini nyumba ndi maziko, kumene Mbali wokwera nthawi ndi limagwirira tiyipukuse, kachitidwe kuzirala, magetsi, kondomu ndi zina zotero.

Gawo

Ambiri ntchito injini mkati kuyaka (mkati kuyaka injini), momwe ndondomeko ya akupezeka zonenepa okha. Koma Motors akhoza wachinsinsi ndi zina zosiyanasiyana.

Mwa njira kayendedwe ka ntchito, ali:

• ziwiri sitiroko;
• zinayi sitiroko.

Monga njira n'kupanga kusakaniza mu mkati kuyaka injini ndi:

• ndi mawonekedwe akunja (mpweya ndi carburetor);
• injini ndi mkati osakaniza mapangidwe (dizilo).

Mu njira kuzirala:

• madzi;
• mpweya.

The zonenepa:

• single yamphamvu;
• awiri yamphamvu;
• Mipikisano yamphamvu.

Ndi malo:

• mzere (ofukula kapena oblique);
• V woboola pakati.

Polemba ndi yamphamvu mpweya:

• aspirated;
• supercharged.

Malinga ndi mkati kuyaka injini liwiro (injini) ndi:

• otsika-liwiro;
• mkulu pafupipafupi;
• speedboat.

Malinga ndi mafuta ntchito:

• Mipikisano mafuta;
• mpweya;
• dizilo;
• petulo.

Malinga ndi digiri ya psinjika :

• mkulu;
• otsika.

Mwa maikidwe:

• autotractor;
• ndege;
• n'kupuma;
• zotumiza ndi zina zotero.

mphamvu

Mphamvu zambiri masamu mayunitsi pamsewu ndiyamphamvu.
Mawu amenewa linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu English zatsopano amene anaonera akavalo kukoka mtanga ndi malasha kuchokera ku migodi ya. Ndi kuyeza kulemera kwa katundu ndi kutalika kwa amene liukitsidwa, D. Watt masamu mmene kavalo tikhoza kukokera khala pa mphindi ndi kuya ena. Kenako wagawo uyu dzina lake onse odziwika ndi mawu akuti "ndiyamphamvu". Pambuyo System Mayiko mayunitsi (SI), HP anavomerezedwa mu 1960 Iye anakhala wothandiza wagawo umene uli wofanana 736 Watts.