Indonesia: chipembedzo ndi miyambo ya dziko. malo Hrs

Padziko lathuli, pali zambiri malo okongola ndi mbiri chidwi ndi wapadera. Izi nkhawa ndi Republic of Indonesia. Chipembedzo ichi dziko si okhawo. Apa iwo kulambira milungu yosiyanasiyana nsembe kwa iwo. Komabe, pa chilichonse chilumba ku Indonesia chiwerengero cha otsatira a chikhulupiriro ina sali yemweyo. Zonsezi ndi zambiri tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino.

Malo a dziko ndi zina zochititsa Hrs

Boma waukulu umene uli zilumba zoposa khumi zikwi - ndi Indonesia (amene chipembedzo komanso osiyanasiyana). Ngakhale nambala nthawi kuchuluka kwa anthu, omangidwa asezare zilumba (ena anasiya zonse). Indonesia ili mu Asia Southeast. North wa dziko kusamba ndi madzi a Pacific Ocean ndi Nyanja ya Sulawesi, South - Arafura Nyanja, kumadzulo - Indian Ocean. Komanso kumpoto kwa Indonesia kumalire ndi Malaysia, ndi kum'mawa - ndi Papua New Guinea. Dera la Republic lonse - pafupifupi zikwi ziwiri makilomita lalikulu.

Chiyambi Chawo Maphunziro a Republic of Indonesia ngati

Kwa nthawi yoyamba zoyambira za statehood anawonekera kuno mu zaka II-V mu zone ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Pali anayamba navigation ndi malonda, patapita kanthawi iwo kukhala intermediaries pakati pa zilumba ndi East. Anapitiriza mapangidwe, pa zilumba pakati pa VII m'ma kumeneko Sumatran Srivijaya ufumu. Ndipo mu zoyambirira za VIII m'zaka ku Central Java limapezeka State Mataram.

Chifukwa cha zochita aukali m'zaka za m'ma XI Mataram Chili mizinda yonse malonda lamulo lake inkachitika pa chilumba cha Java. Kale nthawi kuti kumatanthauza chikhulupiriro zimachititsa kuti Indonesia atsopano. Chipembedzo, kwambiri ozama pa chisumbu, anali Islam. Mwachidziwikire, anatsimikiza kuti m'mayiko ena ndi kuchita. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVII, Indonesia anakhala Dutch njuchi, chimakankhira Apwitikizi pano.

Ufulu wa Republic analandira pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mu 1950 anapatsidwa u unitary.

Mapangidwe achipembedzo a Republic

Mphamvu ya Islam pa zilumba za Indonesia zinachititsa kuti mfundo ndi Asilamu - okhulupirira ambiri mu dziko. Komabe, chipembedzo cha boma mu Indonesia si Islam. Constitutionally izo zinalembedwa kuti pa zilumba pali kukhulupirira Mulungu mmodzi, ndi tsono munthu akhoza kuchita chipembedzo chirichonse. Ndi dziko nzeru Indonesia - Panch Shila.

Islam ankachita mu dziko, 80 peresenti ya anthu. Apa ndi ofala kwambiri kwa chipembedzo ichi Sunni (ngakhale pali, ndithudi, ndi Shiites). Indonesia ndiyo ambiri Muslim dziko mwa mtundu wake.

Kuwonjezera Islam, mu Republic pali zipembedzo zina. peresenti khumi alionse ndi Akhristu, pa zisumbu otchuka Chihindu. Ine ndiyenera kunena mawu ochepa za chilumba cha Bali, amene tsopano akuti alendo ambiri. Population ndi Ahindu, koma mtundu wapachiyambi, wothira Chibuda. Island zonse akachisi - iwo ali pano oposa 20 sauzande, ndi angapezeke pafupifupi bwalo.

Komanso Indonesia ndi otchuka kwambiri chikunja, kaya zikhulupiriro zina (ndipo ali ndi mphamvu yake pa iwo). Pa anthu akukhala kwambiri umakhudza kukhulupirira mizimu osiyanasiyana omwe ali paliponse. Ndi nthawi zonse nsembe. Chikhulupiliro ichi chili otchedwa animism. otsatira ambiri a animism angapezeke pa zilumba za Sumatra ndi Java.

Izi zipembedzo umatheka chakuti pa nthawi ina pachilumba inasanduka malo kwa anthu ochokera India, China, Europe ndi Arab East. Komanso, kuthokoza kwa alendo ambiri amalonda amene anagula katundu m'dera zosowa. Kotero tsopano inu mukudziwa yankho ku funso la chipembedzo mu Indonesia.

mbali Traditional la Indonesia. Khalidwe la alendo

Apaulendo ndi alendo amene anabwera ku Indonesia, kuwonjezera kusagwirizana achipembedzo, ayenera kuganizira chikhalidwe ndi miyambo yake. Popeza chipembedzo chachikulu Indonesia - ndi Islam, ndipo ambiri mwa miyambo anachokera imeneyi. Palibe zambiri osavala kwambiri kuwulula (masiketi, zazifupi), makamaka kwa akazi. Komanso, kugonana chilungamo ali osavomerezeka sunbathe osaval kumtunda, ngakhale pa magombe.

Ngati mukhala nawo mwambo wachipembedzo, ndi kukhala bata ndi simuyankhula kwambiri mokweza. Komanso osavomerezeka chifukwa kawirikawiri ndiponso mokweza chimwemwe mu malo onse (Izi sizikhudza kwa malingaliro makamaka bungwe). Ngati mukufuna kukaona bungwe pagulu kapena mzikiti, ndiye miyendo yanu ayenera yokutidwa ndi mawondo (makamaka akazi).

Khalidwe ambiri a msewu ayenera kukusalani kukondera chala pa aliyense, ndipo sikuloledwa kwa anakhudza mutu wina. Mabanja sangathe kusonyeza chikondi mu msewu, ino ndi nyumba ndiponso chipinda chogona. Osavomerezeka mu msewu anakwiya ndi kukuwa.

Pomaliza

Choncho, monga momwe tikuonera, dziko la Indonesia, chipembedzo ndi osiyanasiyana - malo chodabwitsa. Khalidwe la anthu anakhudzidwa ndi zaka anali chikhalidwe ndi miyambo mizu kutsata ndi alendo.