Injini mafuta osalimba. N'chifukwa chiyani muyenera kudziwa kachulukidwe mafuta galimoto?

Posankha galimoto mafuta, ziziyenda akutsogoleredwa ndi miyeso osiyana. Pakuti unit petulo akusonyeza pa ma CD ya index S, kwa injini dizilo - C. Amagwiritsidwanso kutsogoleredwa ndi zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, anasankha kupanga, theka-kupanga kapena m'munsi mchere; mafuta a viscosities osiyanasiyana malingana ndi nyengo ofunda kapena ozizira. Koma nthawi osankhidwa anaonekera zaposachedwapa, konsekonse lubricating madzimadzi. Pa nthawi yomweyo motsogozedwa ndi kukhuthala index, amene analimbikitsa ndi Mlengi.

Pali chizindikiro china chofunika - osalimba wa mafuta engine. Pa ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

The katundu m'mafuta

Mwa makhalidwe waukulu zokhudza madzi lubricating, ndi ziwerengero zotsatirazi:

• Kachulukidwe injini mafuta ndi yokoka yeniyeni. The Mauwa ndi chiŵerengero cha buku misa. Kachulukidwe amayezedwa makilogalamu pa mita kiyubiki. Apa ndi Dziwani chiwerengero kutanthauza chiŵerengero misa ya mankhwala kwa kulemera kwa madzi. katundu onse ndi kutentha yozungulira.
• Kukhuthala - phindu ntchito ponena fluidity. Komanso zimadalira kutentha. The kukhuthala amayezedwa mayunitsi zingapo: mu Stokes centistokes ndi mamita lalikulu kapena millimeters kwa mphindi pa dongosolo SI wa muyeso.
• Mfundo kung'anima ndi kutsanulira mfundo. Njira yoyamba ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha pa zomwe nthunzi ya zikuthwanima pa ulaliki ndi lawi lotseguka. Chizindikiro chachiwiri mutuluka yozizira kwambiri pa zomwe mafuta si linasiiratu flowability. Izi zikhoza anasonyeza mwa zolinga za chubu.
• Acid ndi chiwerengero m'munsi limasonyeza kuchuluka kwa mankhwala wofunikila neutralization chakuti asidi ndi zamchere mankhwala kudziunjikira mu madzimadzi lubricating pa ntchito.

kachulukidwe

kachulukidwe mafuta injini ndi chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri, limene chiŵerengero cha misa kwa buku. Akufotokozereni kwa compressibility ndi kukhuthala. chizindikiro ichi kwambiri zimakhudza mphamvu zimakambidwa pa ndimakokedwe hayidiroliki, ndi kusonyeza kusowa mphamvu kupezeka pa. Pa kachulukidwe mkulu akamagwira kuchepetsa kukula kwa ndimakokedwe hayidiroliki, popanda kusintha mphamvu. Pampanipani ndi kuwonjezeka kachulukidwe komanso akuyamba kuwonjezera.

Ngati inu kusintha kachulukidwe mafuta injini pa madigiri 20, n'zotheka kulankhula za zolakwa mu galimoto ndi. Poona kufanana kwa kachulukidwe wa petulo ndi dizilo mafuta ndi osalimba, izo likukhalira kuti chiwerengero yotsiriza kukhala apamwamba. Choncho, ingress wa mafuta mu lubricant ndi kuchepetsa phindu osalimba. Pa nthawi yomweyo, madzi ndi pafupifupi 1000 makilogalamu / M3 M'malo mwake, izo kwambiri. Izi zidzachitika chifukwa ali ndi phindu lalikulu kuposa injini mafuta kachulukidwe makilogalamu / M3 (lili 880 okha). Popeza makhalidwe amenewa, kuchita masamu Mwachitsanzo, vuto la crankcase mpweya kapena dongosolo injini kuzirala.

Kugwirizana pakati pa osalimba ndi kukhuthala

Gawo, kuonetsera kachulukidwe mafuta injini, kulibeko. Koma pali wina anamutcha SAE. Izo zimatengera pa lubricant kukhuthala chizindikiro. mafuta Zima amatchulidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa kalatayo W. Iwo agawidwa ku 5W kuti 25W. Mwachitsanzo, akuti 5W mafuta amatha zikugwira ntchito pa kutentha yozizira mpaka madigiri makumi atatu pansi pa ziro. A lakuti 10W ntchito kumatanthauza amatha opanda madigiri makumi awiri. Koma injini mafuta amene ali kuzilingalira 20W, adzayitsiriza yekha pa frosts ochepa. Iwo ali osavomerezeka kudzaza, ngati nyengo pa vuto ozizira kwambiri.

Chikhazikitso yotentha mafuta zambiri Mitandadza 10 60. Pa kutentha lubricating madzi ayenera kukhala otsika katundu kukhuthala.

The kachulukidwe ena vsesezonok

Ngakhale kuti kachulukidwe mafuta injini zinyalala si amadalira kukhuthala index, n'zotheka kuti olemba kudziwa zina zosiyanasiyana. Komanso, Mlengi limasonyeza chithunzi mu specifications a.

Mwachitsanzo, amadziwika kuti 0,87-0,9 - ndi osalimba khalidwe la galimoto mafuta 15W40 pa madigiri khumi. 0,857 makilogalamu Index zambiri kukhala pa dzinja mtundu 10W. kachulukidwe A za 0,85 adzatero 5W40 galimoto mafuta.

Chilimwe mlingo pa makumi awiri ndi wofanana makilogalamu 0,861 / l, ndi pa makumi asanu - 0,875 makilogalamu / l.

Posachedwapa, lubricants kwambiri ambiri anakonza madzi ndi luso ntchito mofanana bwino m'chilimwe ndi yozizira, otchedwa mafuta multigrade. ntchito zawo zambiri wosalira moyo wa ziziyenda, amene sipafinikanso mantha kuti iwo ayiwala za kusintha madzi pa zosayembekezereka nyengo yotentha, kapena, Tikawonetsetsa ozizira.

hydrometer

Pakuti kachulukidwe muyeso ntchito chida wotchedwa hydrometer. Izi ndi zimatengedwa la galasi, ndi ballast pa pansi pa thermometer pakati ndi chubu woonda ndi sikelo pamwamba.

zida anaikidwa mu mafuta kwa nthawi ya maminiti atatu kapena asanu ndi kuyeza pa sikelo ya. Kachulukidwe injini mafuta (makilogalamu / l) mfundo kutentha madigiri mazana awiri. Ngati miyezo anali opangidwa pa kutentha osiyana, chifukwa cha kusintha malinga tebulo lolingana mu CCITT.

kachulukidwe kayesedwe

Kudziwa katundu wa madzimadzi lubricating ntchito kachulukidwe ake wachibale anali masamu ndi chiŵerengero cha mafuta kachulukidwe kwa kachulukidwe ka madzi pa kutentha madigiri makumi (pa mabuku ofanana).

Kachulukidwe muyeso imagwiridwa motere.

1. mafuta udzathiridwa mu botolo galasi pa kutentha madigiri makumi awiri.
2. Mosamala kuchepetsa hydrometer kotero kuti si kukhudza makoma a chotengeracho.
3. Patapita mphindi zowerengeka, atanyamula chida pa mlingo diso, kupanga muyeso wa tikadwala kutentha kuwerenga. Kachulukidwe anatsimikiza monga tebulo wapadera.

Mwachitsanzo, amadziwika kuti kachulukidwe mafuta injini dizilo zimasiyanasiyana makilogalamu 890 kwa 920 / M3, ndi galimoto mafuta - kuchokera 910 mpaka 930 makilogalamu / M3.

Izi zimathandiza kuyerekeza katundu wa madzi osiyana lubricating. Komabe, Baibulo lokha sangagwiritse khalidwe la mafuta wonse. Kuti tichite zimenezi, ganizirani mtundu, ndi chilungamo cha mankhwala ndi zizindikiro zina.