Interdisciplinary kulankhulana malo ndi maphunziro ena a sayansi. Communication madera ndi sayansi, umagwirira, masamu, zamoyo, zachilengedwe

Palibe umodzi kwathunthu olekanitsidwa kudziwa zina za sayansi. Onse zogwirizana ndi mzake. Ntchito mphunzitsi kapena mphunzitsi - ngati kuli kotheka kuulula ubale interdisciplinary. M'nkhani ino tikambirana ubale wa malo ndi maphunziro ena a sayansi.

Interscience kulankhulana - ndichiyani?

Interscience (kapena intersubject) kugwirizana - ndi ubwenzi pakati pa nzika payekha. Pamene iwo ayenera kukhazikitsidwa mphunzitsi (mphunzitsi) ndipo ophunzira pa kuphunzira. Tingamudziwe maubwenzi amenewa amapereka kuloŵerera bwino kudziwa komanso kumathandiza kuti zosavuta ntchito iwo kuchita. Choncho mphunzitsi ayenera kuganizira nkhani imeneyi mu phunziro la sayansi iliyonse.

Chizindikiritso cha kugwirizana interdisciplinary - chinthu chofunika kwambiri kumanga wosangalala komanso khalidwe dongosolo maphunziro. Ndipotu, mwana kuzindikira lilili kumvetsa bwino nkhani ndi mavuto makamaka a sayansi.

The sayansi kuti amaphunzira chikhalidwe

System Sciences, kuphunzira chikhalidwe, muli sayansi, zamoyo, sayansi ya zachilengedwe, malo ndi zinthu zinapangidwira. Iwo akutchedwanso zachilengedwe amalanga sayansi. Mwina malo ofunika kwambiri pakati pawo limabweretsa sayansi (Ndipotu, ngakhale mawu otanthauza "chikhalidwe").

Ubale wa madera kwa sayansi ena kuphunzira chikhalidwe ndi zoonekeratu, chifukwa onsewo - wamba chinthu kuphunzira. Koma chifukwa chake kuphunzira khalidwe osiyana?

Chinthu ndi chidziwitso cha chikhalidwe ndi m'zigawozigawo kwambiri, kumaphatikizapo mbali zosiyanasiyana ndi mbali. Ndipo mmodzi wa sayansi ake kumva ndi kufotokoza kungoti amalephera. N'chifukwa chake mbiri anapanga amalanga angapo amene amaphunzira njira zosiyanasiyana, zinthu ndi zochitika mu dziko otizungulira.

Geography ndi maphunziro ena a sayansi

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mpaka m'ma XVII, sayansi ya Earth anali wogwirizana ndi coherent. Koma pa nthawi, kudzikundikira zinthu zatsopano, chinthu amakhala ovuta kwambiri ndi kusiyanitsidwa phunziro ake. Inawonongeka kutali ndi malo a zamoyo, ndipo kenako nthaka. Kenako pang'ono za sayansi lapansi linalandira ufulu. Panthawi imeneyi, zochokera kuphunzira zigawo zosiyanasiyana za envelopu Hrs anapanga ndi kulimbikitsidwa zilumikizano za malo ndi maphunziro ena a sayansi.

Today mu kapangidwe ka madera sikutanthauza zosakwana makumi asanu amalanga osiyana. Aliyense ali ndi njira yake kafukufuku. Ambiri, zintchito lagawidwa m'magawo awiri akuluakulu:

1. Thupi madera.
2. Umoyo ndi zachuma madera.

The maphunziro loyamba la kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zinthu, ndipo chachiwiri - zachilengedwe zimene zimachitika mmadera ndi chuma. Kawirikawiri kugwirizana pakati pa amalanga awiri yopapatiza ku zigawo zosiyana za chiphunzitso mwina inachokera.

Komano, chifukwa cha madera a sayansi ena liri pafupi kwambiri. Choncho kwambiri ndi "banja" chifukwa ndi:

• sayansi;
• zamoyo;
• zachilengedwe;
• Masamu (mu Masamu makamaka);
• mbiri;
• kusamalila;
• zimapangidwira;
• mapu;
• mankhwala;
• Chaanthu;
• ntundu ndi ena.

Ndipo pa mphambano za malo ndi maphunziro ena a sayansi nthawi zambiri amatha kupanga mwambo watsopano. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, geophysics, geochemistry kapena mankhwala madera.

Physics ndi madera: ubale pakati masayansi

Physics - Ndipotu, ndi oyera sayansi ya chikhalidwe. Mawu amenewa amapezeka mu ntchito za Greek woganiza Aristotle amene ankakhala ngakhale IV-III luso. BC. Ndicho chifukwa kugwirizana kwa malo ndi sayansi kwambiri.

Akamanena za kuthamanga mumlengalenga, zikamera wa mphepo kapena mbali ya mapangidwe landforms glacial - kuwulula mitu onsewa ali ovuta kwambiri, osati moyembekezera kudziwa anapeza mu maphunziro sayansi. Mu m'masukulu ena mchitidwe kuchititsa maphunziro Integrated, amene organically nsalu sayansi madera.

Kugwirizana pakati pa sayansi izi awiri kusukulu amathandiza ophunzira kumvetsa bwino Inde zakuthupi ndi concretise kudziwa kwawo. Komanso akhoza kukhala chida cha mapangidwe chidwi nkhani pa sukulu kuti "pafupi" sayansi. Mwachitsanzo, wophunzira amene anali kwenikweni gwirizana ndi sayansi, kwadzidzidzi kugwa m'chikondi naye limodzi maphunziro a chirengedwe. Izi ndi mbali ina yofunika ndi ntchito polumikizana interdisciplinary.

Biology ndi madera

Communication malo ndi zamoyo, mwina odziwika. sayansi onse kuphunzira chikhalidwe. Ndizo basi zamoyo tikunena zamoyo (zomera, nyama, bowa ndi yaying'ono-zamoyo), ndipo madera - pa zigawo zake abiotic (miyala, mitsinje, nyanja, nyengo, etc ...). Koma chifukwa ubale pakati pa amoyo ndi zopanda moyo zigawo zikuluzikulu zachilengedwe ndi pafupi kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti deta ndi sayansi zolemba zokhudzana.

Pa mphambano ya zamoyo ndi madera anapanga chilango zatsopano - biogeography. The chinthu chachikulu kuphunzira - biogeocoenoses, zomwe kucheza zigawo ndi biotic ndi abiotic chilengedwe.

sayansi izi awiri komanso yophatikiza nkhani za kasamalidwe zachilengedwe. Kupeza yankho lolondola kwa izo madera ndi zamoyo kulimbitsa khama lawo lonse.

Ubale ndi Geography

amalanga ziwiri izi mwatcheru zogwirizana moti nthawi zina nkhani ya maphunziro awo ngakhale sakudziwika. Njira yothetsera vuto lililonse zachilengedwe sangathe popanda kutchula mbali ya mapiri ake.

Pacimake kulumikizana ndi chilengedwe madera thupi. Zinachititsa mu mapangidwe a sayansi atsopano kotheratu - Environmental Geoscience. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu anayambitsa Carl yothawathawa mu zaka 1930. Ndi bwino ntchito mwambo amaphunzira dongosolo, katundu ndi zomwe zidzachitike mu chilengedwe anthu, komanso zinthu zina zamoyo.

Imodzi mwa ntchito makiyi ali kufufuza Geo-zachilengedwe ndi chitukuko cha makhalidwe kasamalidwe chilengedwe, komanso ziyenera a ziyembekezo za citukuko m'madera kapena dera loti.

Umagwirira ndi Geography

Wina mwambo wa kalasi sayansi, amene ali bwenzi lake lapamtima malowo - ndi zimapangidwira. Kwenikweni, interacts ndi malo a dothi ndi sayansi nthaka.

Pamaziko a mgwirizano awa anatuluka ndi akupanga kumunda latsopano la sayansi. Ndi choyamba, geochemistry, hydrochemistry, mumlengalenga umagwirira ndi geochemistry a mitunda. Kuphunzira zina mwa nkhani za malowo sangathe opanda nzeru yoyenera zimapangidwira. Choyamba tikulankhula za nkhani zotsatirazi:

• kufalitsa zinthu mankhwala kutumphuka dziko lapansi;
• kapangidwe mankhwala a nthaka;
• acidity wa nthaka;
• mipweya ya madzi;
• amenewa madzi nyanja;
• aerosols mu mlengalenga ndi kumene anachokera;
• Kusamuka kwa zinthu mu lithosphere ndi hydrosphere.

The kuloŵerera zakuthupi ndi ophunzira kukhala aluso mu mawu a maphunziro Integrated, zochokera Laboratories kapena m'makalasi zimapangidwira.

Masamu ndi madera

Kugwirizana pakati pa masamu ndi madera, pali kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuphunzitsa munthu kugwiritsa ntchito mapu lawolawo kapena dongosolo la m'dera popanda kudziwa zofunika masamu ndi luso zotheka.

Communication a masamu ndi madera akuwonetseredwa mu kukhalapo kwa otchedwa zolinga lawolawo. Ndi ntchito:

• pa mtunda wina pa mapu;
• mtima wa sikelo ya;
• kuwerengetsa kutalika kwa mapiri gradients kutentha kapena gradients kuthamanga;
• pa kuwerengetsera zizindikiro zaziwerengero ndi zina zotero.

Komanso, madera mu kafukufuku amagwiritsa ntchito njira masamu: zowerengera, malumikizanidwe, bwino, njira ya mawerengeredwe (kuphatikizapo kompyuta), ndipo ena. Ngati ife kulankhula za madera zachuma, masamu ndi chiyani angatchedwe ake "theka mlongo".

Mapu ndi Geography

Kugwirizana pakati pa amalanga awiri awa, palibe amene si chifukwa akukayikira pang'ono chabe. Pambuyo khadi onse - ichi ndi malo a chinenero. Popanda sayansi ya mapu Sindingachite.

Pali ngakhale njira yapadera ya kafukufuku - sanjira. Iye kulandira ufulu wa sayansi ku makadi osiyana. Choncho, mapu lawolawo ku madera wabwinobwino wa anthufe n'kukhala gwero la zofunika. njira kufufuza ntchito Zochita ambiri mu zamoyo, mbiri, chuma, chiwerengero, ndi zina zotero.

History ndi madera

"History ndi madera nthawi ndi madera - ndi nkhani danga." Izi lingaliro zolondola kwambiri unakhalapo ndi Jean-Zhak Reklyu.

mbiri kugwirizana yekha ndi madera chikhalidwe (ndi zachuma). Choncho, anthu kuphunzira ndi chuma cha dziko makamaka sangaunyalanyaze mbali mbiri. Choncho, malo, wamng'ono, ndi zolemba, ayenera ambiri kumvetsa njira zakale zimene zimachitika malo ena.

Posachedwapa, pakati pa asayansi pali mfundo kuphatikiza zonse za khalidwe awiriwa. Ndipo ena mayunivesite akhala anakhazikitsa pafupi zapaderazi "History ndi Geography".

Economics ndi Geography

Geography ndi zachuma komanso ali pafupi kwambiri. Ndipotu chifukwa cha zimene zimachitika pakati pa sayansi izi awiri ndi zikamera a mwambo wonse watsopano wotchedwa madera a zachuma.

Ngati funso ekonomteorii ofunikira ndi "zomwe ndi amene kubala", kuti madera zachuma makamaka za chinthu china: momwe ndi kumene katundu ena amapangidwa? Ndipo sayansi akuyesa kupeza chifukwa chake kupanga malonda unakhazikitsidwa izi (makamaka) mbali ya dziko kapena dera.

madera Economic zayamba ngakhale mu zaka za m'ma XVIII. bambo ake angathe kuonedwa monga wasayansi wamkulu M. V. Lomonosova, amene anayambitsa yaitali 1751. Poyamba, malo zachuma anali mwangwiro logwirizana. Ndiye, mu kuchuluka kwa zinthu zake m'gulu vuto la malawi a mphamvu zipatso ndi mizinda.

Chibwenzi, malo zachuma zikuphatikizapo amalanga makampani angapo. Ali:

• madera makampani;
• zaulimi;
• mayendedwe;
• zomangamanga;
• zokopa alendo
• malo a ntchito.

Pomaliza ...

sayansi zonse zokhudzana ndi mzake Pamlingo wamkulu kapena wamng'ono. Communication malo ndi sayansi ena ali pafupi kwambiri. Makamaka pankhani amalanga monga mbiri, sayansi, umagwirira, zamoyo, zachuma kapena zachilengedwe.

Limodzi mwa mavuto a mphunzitsi zamakono - azindikire ndi kusonyeza interdisciplinary wophunzira kulankhulana ndi zitsanzo. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe zofunika kwambiri kuti tikhale pa kachitidwe maphunziro apamwamba. Chifukwa cha kuchulukitsa kwa chidziwitso ndi mwachindunji amadalira dzuwa la tanthauzo lake kwa kuthetsa mavuto othandiza.