Russian losatha ndege ndi mbiri yake

Patangotha zaka zana zapitazo, Nicholas II chilolezo chilengedwe cha squadron la ndege, "Ilya Muromets". Iwo anali sanabadwe losatha ndege m'dziko lathu. About zikuluzikulu zikuluzikulu mbiri yake mudzawerenga mu nkhaniyi.

Koma poyamba, tiyenera kupereka msonkho kwa anthu amene anali pa mutu wa nthambi izi. Amene anali atsogoleri a ndege losatha? Tiyeni muzindandalike:

• PV Androsov.
• AE Golovanov.
• P. S. Deynekin.
• AD Zhiharev.
• IM Kalugin.
• AA Novikov, amene anadzakhala polimbana.
• M. M. Oparin.
• B. Reshetnikov.

atsogoleri awa achitira kwambiri kusintha mphamvu chitetezo cha dziko lathu.

"Muromets Ilya": mmene onse anayamba

Kumapeto kwa 1914 lamulo apamwamba analengedwa Squadron "Muromtsev" lotsogoleredwa ndi Mihail Shidlovsky anaukitsidwa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu dziko uko kunali pawiri lalikulu zoponya mabomba zinayi injini ndi ndege losatha anabadwa wotero. Makamaka, "agogo" wa choyamba ake anaima pa phiko kwambiri December 23, 1913.

"Muromets", amene amadziwika ngati C-22, analenga lodziwika bwino Sikorsky fakitale Russo-Balt. Kwa nthawi, iyo inali makina zosaneneka kuti Motors tikhoza kukweza mu mpweya kwambiri monga matani asanu misa. The ndege awiri basi nsanja mfuti, limene kwa nthawi zimenezo analinso luso kudula-m'mphepete.

Kuthandiza pa nkhondo padziko lonse

Oddly mokwanira, squadron ndege awa anali okonzeka ndi chabwino, umene pa zaka amene anali likuyesetsa kosangalatsa asilikali Russian. Mu zaka zinayi kuyambira mu 1914 mpaka 1918, ndege anamaliza sorties oposa mazana anayi. Losses anakwana ndege imodzi yokha.

Ndi 1917, Sikorski kwenikweni Baibulo latsopano analengedwa, "mtundu F". Total mapulani kumanga ndege 120, koma kenako ulimi. A magalimoto kutenthedwa, kotero iwo kugwa m'manja German, ndipo ena kwa nthawi yaitali ntchito ngati chiphunzitso ndi magalimoto.

Nyengo Tupolev

Koma ichi chinali chiyambi chabe. Kwa mlingo qualitatively watsopano losatha ndege ya USSR inafika pamene ndege TB-3 analengedwa. Kuyang'anira angagwiritse KB Andrei Tupolev. makina chitukuko inayamba mu 1926. Patatha zaka zisanu, osati kupanga zikuluzikulu wakhala anayambitsa, komanso kutchukitsa thupi la zoponya mabomba lolemera kuti zaka zikanakhala zosatheka dziko lililonse padziko lapansi.

Mofanana 1934 ndege TB-4 analengedwa amene anatsalira mu mbiri pansi pa dzina "limakhulupirira Gorky". Zinali makina a mbiri lonse, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa pafupifupi onse zolinga.

The ndege yoyamba chinachitika mu 1934, anali pa helm wa Mikhail Gromov. makina waika timva dziko awiri: kukweza katundu wa matani khumi ndi khumi ndi kutalika kwa makilomita asanu. Ndi "zowawa" anaulukira ndi lodziwika bwino wolemba Antuan De Saint-Exupery. Koma m'badwo wa ndegeyo sunakhalitse, ngati wapezeka zolakwika latsopano ndi zolakwa kamangidwe kake. Koma mbiri ya ndege losatha wapitiriza.

Yatsopano osiyanasiyana kulembamo

Kale mu 1932, a Tupolev yomweyo anayamba ndege wachibadidwe watsopano ndi onse zitsulo fuselage, nyerere-25. Galimoto inali kwambiri, zinali oyendetsa wapamtima wa zaka Aika timva angapo dziko. Choncho, Chkalov anawulukira pa iye ku Moscow ku East Asia, likufotokoza mtunda wa makilomita 9375. June 18, 1937 onse Chkalov yomweyo analamula oyendetsa amene anachita kuthawira United States.

Patangopita mwezi umodzi - mbiri latsopano. Ngakhale nthawi imeneyi, ndege Soviet anaulukira ku America, koma cholinga chachikulu chinali California, osati Washington. Paulendo uwu anandimenya awiri basi (!) Timva World. Choyamba, timu anagonjetsa 10 148 makilomita mu mzere woongoka, anatha kuuluka makilomita 11.500, kuyenda pa mzere wosweka gombe.

The lodziwika bwino Ilyushin

Mu 1933, utsogoleri wa dziko wamng'ono anaganiza kuti asonkhanitse zingamuthandize opanga ndege onse mu malo amodzi, monga Zinkafunikiradi latsopano losatha ndege, zida ndi zabwino, makina kwambiri zingamuthandize. Monga choncho anabadwa wotchuka CDB, adayima pa mutu wa Sergei Ilyushin. zaka ziwiri kenako iye anali okonda gulu amalenga latsopano losatha yoponya mabomba DB-3. Iye anakhala nthawi yaitali maulendo mayeso woyendetsa Vladimir Kokkinaki. Kale mu 1936, ndege anayamba kufika paulendo gulu lonselo ankaliphera pamodzi ndi asilikali Soviet.

Chitsanzo bwino za galimoto yemweyo, amene anaonekera patapita zaka ziwiri, dzina lake IL-4. Iye analandira injini zamphamvu ndi zida zatsopano. Nkhondo isanayambe, m'ma 1940, DB-3 atachotsedwa conveyor, ndipo malo ake atengedwa ndi IL-4. Total dziko opangidwa 1528 magalimoto DB-3 banja, amene nawo onse Chifinishi ndi Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo.

Woyamba kuukira Soviet komanso udaikidwa Ilyushin. Wake IL-2 wabweretsa kutchuka kwa constructor izi. Lero lodziwika bwino IL 76 ndicho zoyendera asilikali ndege dziko lathu, woyenera kupitiriza ntchito ya kholo lake.

The Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, udindo wa ndege

Kale 22 June 1941 osiyanasiyana ndege anayamba kuchita utumwi wake woyamba nkhondo. Ndipo pa tsiku lachiwiri la nkhondo (!), Achititsa kuti "ulemu Ulendo" Anazi mabomba ndi Danzig, Konigsberg, komanso ena mizinda Poland ndi Hungary.

makina Basic anali: Pe-8, PI-3, IL-4 ndi Pe-2. Msana wa losatha mpweya malangizo tafotokozazi anali IL-4. Mu zaka zonse zimene zikuchitika kunkhondo achita zikwi sorties kumaliza nambala zosaneneka za ntchito. Izo ziyenera kuti ndege losatha mu nthawi ya "anasenza" ambiri otchuka Soviet. Total 269 privates ndi alonda alandira udindo limeneli, zisanu ndi chimodzi alandira kawiri.

Koma pamtengo wokwera: pambuyo airmen Wachiwiri World nkhondo anakhalabe pafupifupi "pa nyemba, pakutayika ambiri a zombo ndege. Ndipo izo zakhala ziri osati mawu kachulukidwe: ndege 1,800, kapena zochepa ano, oyenera kuthetsa mavuto zofunika okha za zitatu magalimoto dazeni anakhalabe. N'chifukwa chake Anagwirizana kutengera ndi American B-29, anapangidwa pamaziko a ndege watsopano.

Kale mu 1947 izo unayambitsidwa kutulutsidwa kwa Lachiwiri-4 lolemera. Nthawi ndi ntchito yaikulu umalimbana kusinthasintha ndege m'mikhalidwe zoweta ndi armament, ndi okonza anakwanitsa kwambiri kusintha kudalilika makina zachitika. Mu 1951, izi ndege anakhala munthu woyamba onyamula zoweta zida za nyukiliya.

The ntchito positi-nkhondo

Cha m'ma 1950s, ndege osiyanasiyana latsopano, anakonzeratu chitukuko cha mafakitale kwa zaka kubwera. Inali pa nthawi iyi anali kukulitsa ali analamula epic Lachiwiri 95 "Tengelelani" imene akuyimabe pa mizere chitetezo cha dziko lathu, komanso ena makina ena.

Choncho, Lachiwiri-16, amene anali dzina "akatumbu" anali monoplane woyamba ndi mapiko chinapululutsa. The makina oyamba anali atasonkhana mu 1953. gulu lake ndi anthu asanu kapena kuposa. Chida chachikulu adziteteze anakhala m'mphuno basi mfuti PU 88 ndi atatu mfuti turrets, olamulidwa chosonyeza. Zitatero, ndege anali asanu AM 23 mfuti likungosonyeza amene anali 23 millimeters.

"Yoongoka" ndipo akhala osiyanasiyana ndege oyendetsa anatenga mbali mu "Six Tsiku nkhondo" ya 1967, pafupifupi onse nkhondo Arab Israel pa nthawi ndi anakwanitsa nawo ndawala Afghanstan.

Lachiwiri 95, Russian "Tengelelani"

Ine anayesedwa ndege yaikulu imeneyi mu 1952. Izi sredneplan onse zitsulo zinayi injini turboprop, amene anaikidwa mwachindunji mu mapiko chinapululutsa. Wake "yosangalatsa" a chimodzimodzi basi ndipo ndi Motors NK-12, amene adakali zabwino turboprop injini m'kalasi ake.

ndege amachita tani khumi bomba katundu. Komanso, mu bomba Bay akhoza wokwera mabomba yolemera matani khumi. Mu 2010, iwo atchuke: maola 43 zoponya mabomba anaulukira makilomita 30,000. The peculiarity a chochitika ichi ndi chakuti makhalidwe ake ntchito makina ochiritsira kupanga. Kotero kuti Russian losatha ndege, ngakhale turboprop ntchito akadali akuimira mphamvu yoopsa.

yoponya mabomba ZM

makina anapangidwa mu zaka 1956-1960. ndege Mbali anali atsopano zida dongosolo "msana" umene unali wapadera D-5 mzinga, yomwe motsimikiza kugunda onse m'madzi ndi mipherezero dziko ofotokoza. kuwuluka Kwake mtunda anali lonse makilomita 280 ndi liwiro anali pamwamba pa mathamangidwe nthawi phokoso atatu. Tikumbukenso kuti awa chida kale anapanga maziko a Strategic Air Lamulo ku Far East.

Lero, losatha ndege ya Russian Federation umaimiridwa ndi makina osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Lachiwiri 95 ndipo Lachiwiri 160, koma "lakale" ZM anali anapuma posachedwapa. zoona zokhudza ngati panopa anali ndege za banja, amene angathe kutenga mu mlengalenga, palibe.

Chidani ndi ndege losatha

Pambuyo Germany anagonja dera cha mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi akhala redrawn kuchokera zikande. NATO ndi mgwirizano anapanga maiko Warsaw ke, amene sizimadya lililonse chikondi zapadera. Masiku ano, olemba mbiri ndi asilikali okha amaganiza kuti chozizwitsa nthawi kuti si kuyamba World nkhondo III.

Mpake kuti zaka iwo anali njira ndege anali mmodzi wa guarantors mtendere mu dziko, kuchirikiza dzikoli nyukiliya chishango linga. Mpaka 1961, ndege zinali njira zofunika kwambiri mopereka mabomba a nyukiliya kwa mdani Nkosatheka. Mwa njira, lamulo, ndege anaima pa mutu wa woyamba Soviet chida magawano.

Kusintha malangizo a chitukuko

Nkhondo itatha zinaonekeratu kuti n'kuyamba ku ndege wakale turboprop kuti injini ndege. Mfundo ya ndege yoyamba Il 28 anaonekera kumapeto kwenikweni kwa 1940. Kumene, ndege inali njira zina yojambula, komanso kamangidwe zochuluka ntchito.

Kotero, pachiyambi cha 1970 (pamaziko a ndi zaka Lachiwiri-22) chida latsopano analengedwa K-22. Komanso, pali Mabaibulo ena a ndege imeneyi. Tikuyankhula zokhudza makina Lachiwiri-22M2 ndi Lachiwiri-22M3. Iwo yodziwika ndi yakuti mu zinalengedwera ndi kupanga umisiri watsopano ndi zipangizo ankagwiritsa ntchito lalikulu zedi lomwe linali ndigwira anapeza ntchito kokha mu pulogalamu danga.

Potsiriza iyo inali nthawi okongola "White Mbalame ya Chinsansa", ndi Lachiwiri 160. Iye anakhala mmodzi mwa zizindikiro za lonse Cold nkhondo. Zinali ndege yoyamba ya kukula ndi variable phiko Masamu, zomangamanga amene zikwi njira patsogolo luso akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zambiri zimapezeka lero. The kutsogolera kuzindikira kufunika kukhala chinachake monga nzeru limeneli, lomwe lipoti pa chiyambi cha chilengedwe ndi ndege B-1.

Woyamba "White Mbalame ya Chinsansa" anavula ku airfield "Ramenskoye". Izo zinachitika pa mapeto a December 1981. Mu 1984, ku Kazan ndege zomera anayamba kuŵeta makina wapadera.

Mu zaka za m'ma 2003, izi Ndege pa nyanja ya Indian Ocean, anawoloka airspace a m'mayiko ambiri. Mpaka yomweyo, kutali Russian ndege (chithunzi chimene chili m'nkhani) flights kutalika osati anachita mfundo. September otsiriza, awiri Lachiwiri 160 anaulukira kwa Venezuela, cementing ndi asapita anagwirizana pakati pa maiko awiri.

Tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti chitukuko cha Strategic Air Lamulo - chinsinsi statehood ndi chitetezo m'dziko lathu mu zaka kudza.