Kodi mukudziwa zimene anapanga mnyamata wa ft ku Kiev, ndi chimene chinali mochenjera akuluakulu Preticha?

History amadziwa zitsanzo zambiri za ungwazi ndi kulimba mtima. Iwo anabwera kwa ife zikomo kwa olemba ndi m'kamwa nthano nthano. Nkofunika kalekale m'mibadwo yanu: ana ayenera kunyadira za ngwazi dziko lawo, ngakhale zochitika anatenga malo oposa zaka zikwi zapitazo! Osati aliyense amadziwa zimene wapanga chintchito-mnyamata Kiev, ndi zimene nthawi izo zinachitika.

Kuphunzira mabuku m'kalasimo

Ndithudi, "nthano ya makedzana Zaka" lomwe linalembedwa ndi Nestor, anafuna kulanda ndi processing ntchito imeneyi zinali zoonekeratu kuti owerenga masiku ano. The zili nthano zochitika m'mbiri zikutifikitsa mabuku Old Russia. Feat-mnyamata Kiev kale anauyamba chinenero chamakono Russian. Today nthano amaphunzira pa sukulu ya ana a kalasi lachisanu. ena mwa mawu akale Russian, dzina ya mafuko, anthu kukhala zovuta kuzimvetsa ana. Kuti archaisms mosavuta adakumbukira, achipange okha yaing'ono dictionary: pa malongosoledwe a mphunzitsiyo kuti alembe ubwino mawu kapena mayina payekha. Ana zimenezi sitingathe kudziwa chimene mnyamata, makolo, Pechenegs, chisoni. Ngakhale zinachitikanso mbiri yakale ana kuphunzira Ancient Lazaro ndi kumva mawu akuti.

dongosolo citationality

Feat-mnyamata Kiev bwino amaona ana ngati mphunzitsi akuwalimbikitsa kuti ndondomeko mankhwala. Ndi zofunika kuti anali dongosolo mawu; chakwanira ntchito mawu lemba la kuwalitsa zili M'nkhani ya. Izo zikhoza kuwoneka ngati izi:

- Pechenegs anabwera dziko Russian;

- anazinga mzinda ndi ulamuliro waukulu;

- amene akanakhoza kupita tsidya lina;

- mnyamatayo anati: "Ine Lowani!";

- Kodi anthu Bajanaks kudzipereka;

- anakwera ngalawa ndi analiza mokweza;

- Pambuyo panga pakubwera asilikali;

- ndinapatsa Pretichu kavalo, lupanga ndi mivi;

- Sviatoslav anabwerera ku Kiev.

The chipilala, anamanga wokumbukira kuti chigonjetso cha Prince Svyatoslav Igorevich pa Pechenegs mpaka tsopano umaposa pa gombe la Dnieper mu Zaporozhye.

Mbali iliyonse ya nkhani mosavuta kukumbukira retold, chifukwa cha ntchito mawu dongosolo. mphunzitsi angathandize ophunzirawo kuwerenga ntchito ndi udindo. Pa maphunziro awa, ana kumvetsa tanthauzo la kuoneka kulemba mabuku, Mbiri kukhala Mkhristu Russia. Kodi mnyamata ft-wokhala wa Kiev, tsopano kudziwika kwa ophunzira ambiri mwa maphunziro a mabuku ndi mbiri. Polemekeza mlingo umenewu wa St. Sophia Cathedral inamangidwa.

Books ndi mbiri

Mpaka m'zaka XI, buku anagwera Russia yekha kwa Ufumu wa Byzantine, ndipo kenako Bulgaria. Awa anali Mabaibulo a olemba yachilendo. Ntchito zoyamba za olemba mabuku akale anaonekera kokha m'zaka khumi: ntchito ya Hilarion ndi mbiri. M'mayiko ena, polemba chinenero ichi sindimadziwa. Mu mmonke XII m'ma Nestor zimapangitsa kuwonjezapo ndi Kusintha mu mbiri yakale ndipo anawapatsa udindo wa "The nthano ya makedzana Zaka". Zosakhalitsa chilimwe - zikutanthauza chaka chatha. The Nkhani limafotokoza moyo ndi ntchito za akalonga onse Russian: makamaka wolemba zikutsindika mfundo yakuti okha chikondi cha abale ndi chikhumbo cha mtendere chikhoza zimawathandiza. Chikondi cha dziko, kulemekeza m'dziko la makolo awo - makolo - ndi motif chachikulu cha ntchito lonse. Ndipo ngakhale chiyambi cha buku amayang'ana pa nthano, owerenga afika zokhudza kanjedza mbiri amene analenga Duchy loyamba la Russia wakale. Mbali ya nkhani ndi kufotokoza zimene zimapanga mnyamata ft-wokhala wa Kiev ndi kazembe Pretich.

Bakuman wa ungwazi a mnyamatayo

Izo zinachitika m'chilimwe cha 968 chaka, kapena pa nthawi ya kalendala, m'chaka cha 6476. Ukulu nthawi zonse poyera kuti kuukira mafuko kum'mawa. Koma zimenezi m'chilimwe kwa nthawi yoyamba pa ukulu Kiev encroached Pechenegs. Pa nthawi iyi mu Kiev sanali Sviatoslav: iye anali mu Pereyaslavets. Pali anakhalabe amake - Mfumukazi Olga ndi zidzukulu zawo, ana a Svyatoslav.

Amenewa anali ana ake atatu, Oleg ndi Vladimir Jaropolk. Tamarayo zokhoma pamodzi ndi iwo mu mzinda wa Kiev, ndipo sadathe kutuluka: ndi Pechenegs kumuzungulira mphamvu yayikulu. Sikunali kotheka kuti kupitirira Chiwerengero cha mzindawo, kunali kosatheka kutumiza uthenga akuthandizeni. Anthu anaphwa ndi njala ndi ludzu.

Mtumiki wokhala wa Kiev ndi chintchito

Kumbali ina ya Dnieper, nayenso, anali anthu amene sakanakhoza kufika ku Kiev mwa gulu lalikulu la Pechenegs kuthandiza mumzindawo kapena kupulumutsa chakudya ndi madzi. Iwo adaimira okonzeka mabwato mbali inayo ndipo sanathe kuchita chilichonse.

Chiwerengero cha mzindawo anali kuyesera kupeza munthu akhoza njira yake kudzera m'gulu la mdani ndi lipoti malamulo kuti ngati iwo sakuyenera kukhala Kiev, izo adzayenera kusiya Pechenegs. Ndipo mnyamata wina ku Kiev, ananena kuti adzapanga njira "eni". Anthu anamuuza kuti: "Pita!"

mnyamata uyu ankadziwa chinenero Pechenegs. Anatola chapakamwa napita naye kwa mdani. Iye anathamanga kudutsa pawo, ndipo anafunsa ngati aliyense adaona kavalo wake? Iwo anatenga mnyamata chifukwa umunthu wake. Kukwanilitsa Dnieper, iye anagwetsa zovala ndi m'madzi. Pechenegi anaona machenjerero ake ndipo anathamangira pambuyo pa iye, zipolopolo: koma palibe chimene chikanakhoza zachitidwa.

Pretich Voivod ndi kuchenjera kwake

Anthu mbali inayo anaona kuti mnyamata wa ku Kiev, analumphira mu madzi n'kupita kwa iwo. Iwo anapita ndi mabwato kwa iye, nam'nyamutsa pa bolodi ndi kutengedwera kwa kumuwombera lapansi. Mnyamatayo anayankha kuti ngati inu sizikugwirizana mawa kwa asilikali mzinda, anthu adzakhala ndi adzipereke kwa Pechenegs. Voivod anali Pretich, ndipo anapereka kubwera mabwato kumzinda, mumpanda Mfumukazi Olga ndi kalonga, Wawomba kutali m'mbali zosiyana. Ngati iwo satero, iwo sizidzakupulumutsani kalonga, ndiye Svyatoslav simukhululukira izo mbaavunga. mlingo umenewu wapanga mwana-wokhala wa Kiev, pofotokoza za vuto la Kiev.

dongosolo akuluakulu

Malinga ndi ndondomeko Preticha kumuwombera m'bandakucha m'mudzi wa Makwangwala Olimbana ndi malipenga anasamukira ku Kiev. Anthu mu mzinda, anamva kulira kwa malipenga, anafuula. Pechenegs anathamangira helter-skelter mbali zonse: zinkaoneka kuti iwo kuti anadza kwa kalonga Svyatoslav. Kutauni anabwera Mfumukazi Olga ndi zidzukulu zake, ndi anamuperekeza wake anapita Makwangwala Olimbana ndi. Pecheneg kalonga anaona ichi, anabwerera Makwangwala Olimbana yekha ndipo anafunsa Preticha za iwo ali? Iye analandira yankho kuti ndi anthu pa mbali ina ya Dnieper. Funso Pecheneg kalonga Svyatoslav ngati iye Pretich anati kuti iwo - chimwemwe kukalamba ndipo pambuyo pawo ikuyenda gulu lalikulu la asilikali kutsogoleredwa ndi Prince Svyatoslav. Iye ananena choncho kuopsyezera Pecheneg kalonga. Izi anathana zotsutsana onse: Petcheneg Pretichu anapereka ubwenzi ndi iye anavomera. Iwo chanza ndi anasinthanitsa zida kalonga ali chishango, lupanga ndi zida, ndi Pretich - kavalo, mivi ndi lupanga.

Adani

Ngakhale asiye-moto ndipo achire wa Pechenegs kwa mzinda, mu ngozi analanda anakhalabe. mdani anaima msasa wandiweyani pa mtsinje Lybid, ndi anthu kunali kosatheka kubweretsa mahatchi kumwa. Ndiyeno tinaganiza kuti atume anthu a Kiev kuti Svyatoslav mthenga ndi mawu za kuopsa nawo. Iwo ananena kalonga kuti kumenyana ndi kusamalira dziko lachirendo, iye anachoka m'dziko lakwawo. A Petchenegs pafupifupi anagwidwa ndi mayi wake ndi ana ake. Anthu a Prince anaitana thandizo, anafunsa kuti ateteze. Mwamsanga pamene iye anafika uthenga, Svyatoslav ndi retinue wake msanga anabwerera ku Kiev, kumene anakumana ndi mayi wake ndi ana atatu.

Iye anali ndi chisoni kwambiri zimene ankayenera kudutsamo iwo onse. Svetoslav anasonkhana kumuwombera wake, ndi kuti achotse m'munda wa Pechenegs. Pambuyo amene anabwera yamtendere.

Tsopano funso chiyani ndi mnyamata wa ft ku Kiev, wina anganene kuti anapulumutsa anthu a mumzinda wakale ndi banja la Prince Svyatoslav. Tsopano amatchedwa wakutemwa ndi chikondi kwa Mama.