Iwo ayeretsedwa ndi madzi kuchokera chitsulo. Njira ya chiyeretso madzi chitsulo

Amadziwika kuti munthu sangakhale popanda madzi kuposa masiku angapo, chifukwa onse njira kagayidwe kachakudya mu thupi limodzi ndi nawo ake. Choncho, n'kofunika kuganizira za mtundu wa madzi ife ntchito. Kungakhale zili kuchuluka kwa chlorine, magnesium ndi calcium salt, manganese ndi chitsulo. Mtundu uliwonse zosafunika kuchotsedwa mu njira zosiyanasiyana. Taonani, ngati pochita ayeretsedwa ndi madzi kuchokera chitsulo.

Mitundu ya chitsulo

Choyamba muyenera kudziwa zimene hardware ali madzi.

1. Divalent. Chitsulo wa mtundu uwu kwambiri sungunuka m'madzi, kotero apoyera sangathe mungazindikire. Madzi ali ndi chilungamo chinyengo. Komabe, ngati nthawi zina mu kukhudzana ndi mpweya, ndiye pali makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa chitsulo ndi kusintha kwake mu mawonekedwe trivalent. Kenaka madzi kukhala Lofiira mthunzi.

2. Ferric. Izi chitsulo oxidized, kumachitika mu madzimadzi mu mawonekedwe colloidal (particles chabwino cha mtundu wofiira). Nthawi zambiri madzi okhala chitsulo trivalent ndi bivalent mtundu ndi pano. Komanso, sedimentation ndi tinthu wofiira akhozanso kukopeka ndi mapangidwe chitsulo ndipo kenako ndi kumakula.

3. Bakiteriya. Iwo umaimira moyo ndi akufa mabakiteriya ndi zinthu zawo zinyalala ndi chipolopolo. Nthawi zambiri, limodzi ndi chitsulo colloidal. Kunja, ndi zofewa mucous madipoziti, zimenezi kaya zoipa kapena ayi. Pamaso pa chitsulo ngalande ya ku dzimbiri zilonda chitsulo.

Njira ya chiyeretso madzi chitsulo

The kusungunuka akakhala chitsulo akhoza kuchotsedwa mwa njira ochiritsira tinapangidwa kuchotsa kusungunuka ayoni zochita kupanga. Izi kuwombola ion, akamanena za chomwe mu M'MALO mu ndondomeko zimene ndi resins wapadera ndi ion sodium, ndi chigamulocho osmosis, mfundo zake ndi ntchito zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana akuchedwa kusungunuka chitsulo.

madzi lina kuchitira njira ya mtundu divalent chitsulo ndi njira mankhwala. Mfundo yake imakhala mu ndondomeko othandizira makutidwe ndi okosijeni imene chinthu mankhwala amapatsirana boma kusungunuka undissolved. Pambuyo pa zimenezi, anapanga trivalent chitsulo anakaika pa fyuluta. Systems wa mtundu uwu amatchedwa Zosefera, removers chitsulo.

Madzi ndi okhutira mkulu wa particles chabwino ofiira lidzayeretsedwa ndi ultrafiltration.

Pochotsa bakiteriya mtundu chitsulo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito chloro kapena chelating wothandizira.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti njira ya chiyeretso madzi chitsulo ndi ubwino ndi kuipa.

n'zosiyana osmosis

Madzi kuyeretsedwa zachitsulo ndi osmosis n'zosiyana tichipeza mu atangomva izo kupyolera Kakhungu woonda kwambiri. Zilibe ngakhalenso zosafunika zazing'ono. Chotero zidzakhala sangathe a kuyeretsedwa kuonetsetsa palibe madzi chitsulo fyuluta zikugwira ntchito monga njira ina. N'chifukwa chake n'zosiyana osmosis dongosolo zikuoneka kwenikweni wapadera.

Ntchito wabwino wa sefa m'pofunika kuonetsetsa anasiya mpweya, mwinamwake padzakhala makutidwe ndi okosijeni, ndipo akakhala chitsulo iwonso kumwazikana, amene kenako Adzadzipezera pa Kakhungu lapansi. Izi si vuto, chifukwa n'zosiyana machitidwe osmosis nacho chisindikizo wabwino.

Komanso, njira imeneyi akhoza kuchotsa ndi trivalent chitsulo, kukachitika kuti alipo mu madzi zochepa. n'zosiyana osmosis luso limachititsa kuti amuchotsepo manganese - chitsulo kudziwika Kanema.

njira ion

Njira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, koma m'mbuyomu akhala yeretsani zeolites madzi ndi malasha sulfonated. Panopa, kuti kuchotsa chitsulo, ntchito yapadera ion kuwombola resins. Ndi thandizo lawo, mphamvu ya njira imeneyi kukhala apamwamba. Komanso bivalent chitsulo ntchito cation kuchotsa kashiamu ndi magnesium ayoni. Komanso ion kuyeretsa njira akhoza kuchotsa manganese amene ali kawirikawiri amakhala m'madziwo.

Komabe, muyenera kudziwa kuti njira chithe kukachitika kuti madzi kuuma ndi pa mlingo yachibadwa. Pambuyo dongosolo ayeretsedwa ndi madzi kuchokera chitsulo ndi kuwombola ion kumaphatikizapo kuchepetsa index izi. Njira imeneyi imagwiranso kokha ku ranges zochepa pH. Komanso kusokoneza zinthu organic pano mu madzi, iwo angayambitse mabakiteriya pa fyuluta.

The yovuta kwambiri pano - ndi ufulu wosankha kuphatikiza akadakwanitsira wa resins. Ndiye, kuchokera chitsulo idzakhala pa, chifukwa amaayoni ayeretsedwa ndi madzi njira panopa mmodzi wa yabwino kwambiri.

The njira mankhwala madzi mankhwala

Nthawi zambiri kuyeretsa chitsulo mu njira pogwiritsa ntchito njira makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Zimatengera ntchito oxidants monga permanganate potassium chlorine, mpweya, ozoni. Ndi thandizo lawo imathandizira pa ndondomeko ya kusintha kusungunuka chitsulo kuti ferric, ndi Kuwonjezera coagulants mu madzi (mankhwala) amalimbikitsa mafunsidwe a particles. Mfundo imeneyi kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito machitidwe lalikulu mankhwala.

njira othandizira ntchito mu malo m'banja. Madzi kuyeretsedwa ku chitsulo limodzi ndi anachita zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni kuti amapezeka pa katundu fyuluta pamwamba omwe kwambiri imathandizira pa ndondomeko makutidwe ndi okosijeni. m'magulu otere amapangidwa zochokera woipa manganese, akhoza kuchotsa chitsulo. Zotsatira zabwino madzi mwina zidzawonjezedwa permanganate potaziyamu.

Features ya Zosefera, removers chitsulo

Ngati kusankha unagwa pa dongosolo ayeretsedwa ndi madzi zochokera makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa chitsulo, m'pofunika kuganizira angapo magawo, ndi:

• kutentha madzi;
• pH;
• mpweya okhutira mu mawonekedwe kusungunuka;
• alkalinity.

mfundozi zingakhudze khalidwe la ntchito. Pamaso ntchito ayenera kukhala bwino ndi malangizo a opanga galimotoyo ndi kuzigwiritsa ntchito mtsogolo. Makamaka zofunika kulabadira kulongosola mlingo madzi kutuluka ndi pa backwashing, komanso okhutira kololeka chitsulo.

Ndi zambiri zimabweretsa ntchito osauka fyuluta obezzhelezivateli anafotokoza chosakwanira makutidwe ndi okosijeni a kapezedwe chitsulo kwa yoyeretsa ya buku madzi ambiri, mlingo wochepa otaya madzi pa backwashing. chitsulo okhutira chiŵerengero sayenera upambana chilemba cha 15 mg / l. Filter- obezzhelezivateli amasiyana mkulu enieni yokoka, kuti ndi drawback awo kwambiri.

Kuchotsa ferric

Pa zili mkulu wa chitsulo colloidal amaonedwa yabwino kwambiri dongosolo ultrafiltration. Mfundo ntchito m'magulu otere lagona pa ndime ya particles kupyolera mauna Kakhungu. Chifukwa cha ndondomeko ino ayeretsedwa ndi madzi kuchokera chitsulo.

yeniyeni Kakhungu pore kukula ndi 0,05 microns ntchito ultrafiltration. Mphamvu ya njira ya deferrization madzi chifukwa chakuti dongosolo umagwira ntchito modes osiyana. Makamaka tisaiwale reciprocal Kakhungu kusamba, amene kumatha zosayembekezereka wa blockages.

Pofuna kukwaniritsa Mwachangu wamkulu pamaso kukonza chitsulo bwino likumasuliridwa mu boma oxidized.

Tizilombo njira kuchotsa chitsulo

The njira kwachilengedwenso walangizidwa kutembenuka kwa chitsulo kusungunuka mu mawonekedwe okusayidi mothandizidwa ndi chitsulo. Iwo si owopsa kwa anthu, mosiyana ndi mankhwala awo kagayidwe kachakudya.

Iron mabakiteriya zimayenda mlingo wa chitsulo pakati pa 10 ndi 30 mg / L, koma angathe pamene zili zosafunika zoipa pansipa zizindikiro izi. , Ayenera kukhala ndi malo acidic pa mlingo wochepa, pamene kuonetsetsa kotunga mpweya mpweya kuti tizilombo ndi zambiri kulibe.

Pomaliza deferrization ndondomeko kwachilengedwenso amachotsa mankhwala kungotaya chitsulo ndi kumamatira, kenako kukonzedwa madzi bactericidal kunyezimira kwa madzi bwino kwathunthu.

Kumene, njira imeneyi ndi wochezeka ndi kothandiza, koma ali ndi mwayi waukulu: mlingo wochepa kwa ndondomekoyi. Kuwonjezera kukonza ntchito anali pa mlingo bwino, muyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu chithandizo zamitundu zikuluzikulu.

Chiyeretso cha madzi akumwa

Kunyumba madzi mankhwala ikuchitika ntchito njira zotsatirazi:

• Kuteteza. Iyi ndi njira zofunika: madzi anasiya maola ochepa, imene zosafunika ndi madipoziti kumira pansi. Komabe, mphamvu ya njira imeneyi ndi otsika, madzi ziyenera yophika pambuyo ndondomeko.
• Amaundana. Madzi ayenera anazitsanulira mwa chidebe ndi kulitumiza ilo mu mufiriji. Pambuyo zambiri za kusintha mu ayezi, otsala ayenera anadzikhuthula: muli zosafunika. Defrosting madzi, m'pofunika kuponyera ndalama otsiriza ayezi, iwo alipo zoipa zinthu.
• Shungite ndi pakachitsulo. Mchere ndi zofunika kuika pansi pa beseni, ndiye kutsanulira madzi ndi kusiya kwa masiku osachepera awiri. Nthawi kuti madzi amene ali pamwamba, mukhoza kuphatikiza ndi ntchito, ndi "m'munsi" ziyenera kuchotsedwa, otsala mudzapezeka mu izo. Shungite ndi pakachitsulo ali okonza wabwino madzimadzi a Mankhwala oipitsa.
• Malasha. mankhwala adzachotsa matope ndi zolimba. M'pofunika kukulunga malasha ubweya ndi madzi mwa chotsatira kudzikonda anapanga fyuluta.

Chifukwa yeretsani madzi chitsulo

Pamaso pa chitsulo madzi, sanali pochitika sefa wa, oipayo amawononganso fungo lake ndi kukoma. Komanso, particles undissolved mu kusakanizikana madzi papezeka bulauni. Matenda ntchito madzi ndi ndalama zachitsulo kungayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana okhudzana kwenikweni kwa chiwindi ndi impso. Komanso, izo moyipa bwanji matenda a khungu angaoneke thupi lawo siligwirizana ndi otsala adzakhala kudziunjikira mu dongosolo ngalande.

Kuwonjezera kuwononga thanzi la munthu, chitsulo kutsogolera madzi zotsatira monga maonekedwe a Madontho pa chikasu mapaipi kuikira overgrowing ndi dzimbiri, kuchepetsa kwambiri mankhwala khalidwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa zipangizo kuntchito.

Mtengo akadakwanitsira wa okhutira chitsulo madzi - 0.3-0.5 mg / L. Pa ziwawa udzabala dzimbiri, turbidity kuwoneka pa m'munsi.

Mtengo wa kuchotsa chitsulo

Ngati inu ndikupeza loyenda madzi ndi chinthu chosangalatsa fungo ndi vskusom, ndiye kuthana ndi vuto limeneli kuthandiza ayeretsedwa ndi madzi kuchokera chitsulo. Zosefera mtengo malingana ndi mtundu ndi akafuna kanthu ali ndi ndalama osiyana.

Ambiri fyuluta chigubu ankaona amene opaleshoni mfundo zachokera pamaso pa madzi chiwiya mwa sorbent bedi. Mtengo umenewu chigubu ranges ku rubles 200 2500.

The Zosefera, imene imaphatikizapo kuwayika pansi lakuya, ndi mtengo wapamwamba. N'zosiyana machitidwe osmosis zimapezeka pa msika pa mtengo wa rubles 5,000, ndi electrochemical zosefera ndalama za 25,000 rubles.

Pa mtengo wa katundu anakhudzidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa thanki yosonkhanitsa, buku ake, ndi digiri ya chiyeretso.

Musaiwale kuti madzi mankhwala chomera unsembe wa chitsulo ndi bwino kupereka akatswiri mu misonkhano imene uyenera kutaya kwambiri.