Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich: yonena, banja

Tsogolo chosintha Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich anabadwa pa November 22, 1893 m'mudzi waung'ono wa Cabana, kuti m'chigawo cha Kiev. Information za atate wake osokonezeka. M'nyengo Union, anali atatsimikiziridwa kuti Kaganovich kubanja losauka. Komabe, biographers ano kuona zikutsutsana Baibulo ili pa umboni wa anthu amene ankadziwa kuti Lazaro mwana. Choncho, ena mwa iwo anaitana Mose Kaganovich Prasol - wogula-ng'ombe ndi ndalama ndithu.

zaka zoyambirira

Aliyense atate, si mwana wa chidakwa. Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich mwana anayamba amaphunzira luso la yokonza nsapato lapansi. Ndi zaka 14 anagwira mafakitale nsapato. Kaganovich anali Myuda, zimene sakanatha kukhudza malo ake mu Russian Ufumu. Anthu ambiri a Ayuda anakakamizika kupirira wofooka wa Kwawokhawokha ndi Kuyimitsidwa osiyana. Chifukwa cha ichi, Ayuda ambiri analowa zisinthe.

Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich tinganene yotero. Komabe, chipani chake chinali kusankha zachilendo kwa Myuda. Ngakhale anthu achiyuda paulendo gulu lonselo ankaliphera pamodzi kulowa n'ngopandukira, Mensheviks, Social boma ndi Bundists. Lazaro amatengera chitsanzo cha mchimwene wake, Michael, ndi mu 1911 analowa Bolsheviks.

wamng'ono Bolshevik

moyo wa mnyamatayo anakhala Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga za malo chosintha. Iye nthawi zonse anamangidwa kwa kanthawi, ndi Bolshevik kumasinthasintha malo awo okhala: .., Kiev, Ekaterinoslav, Melitopol, etc. Mu zonse za midzi iyi Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich analengedwa mabwalo chipani ndi mabungwe a shoemakers ndi ofufuta zikopa. Madzulo a ulimi iye anakakhala Yuzovka. Ntchito ndi misonkhano yokopa pa fakitale m'dera nsapato, Kaganovich anakumana ndi mnyamata Nikitoy Hruschevym. M'tsogolo, iwo anali kulemberana pa zaka za ntchito yake mu chipani.

Pambuyo pa October kuukira boma Kaganovich anapita Petrograd, pamene iye anali kusankhidwa Assembly Constituent ndi mndandanda Bolsheviks. M'tsogolo, anakonza ntchito agitational, kuphatikizapo kumene analenga Red Army. Nkhondo itaulika, membala woona wa chipani anayamba kugwira ntchito pa kutsogolo: mu Nizhny Novgorod, Voronezh ndi ku Central Asia.

Mu Turkestan Kaganovich anakhala membala wa RCP m'deralo (b) nalowa Chiwukirano usilikali Council wa Turkestan Front. Party functionary anaikidwa wapampando wa bungwe la mzinda wa Tashkent. Pa Kaganovich chomwecho anasankhidwa kukhala Komiti chapakati Executive wa RSFSR. Kuthamangira kwa membala wa nomenklatura makwerero wamng'ono wa chipani akhoza kukhala opanda chidwi cha Stalin, pa nthawi unachitikira malo Commissar Anthu kwa mayiko.

henchman Stalin

Pansi Lenin wamng'ono Kaganovich adakhala othandiza tchalitchi cha Stalin, wovomereza mu nkhondo yolimbana chipani. Mkangano pakati pa atsogoleri Bolsheviks kunabuka yomweyo pambuyo pa imfa ya mtsogoleri wake popanda wopikisana naye mu 1924. Stalin, kukonzekera kulimbana ndi Trotsky ndi zosasangalatsa anthu ena iye Politburo, adayamba kukweza ankatumikira wake. Koba anali gwero utsogoleri, monga mlembi wa Komiti ku Central iye asankhe anthu ake posts zofunika phwando.

Ndapeza malo ake mu chiwembu ndi Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. Banja ndi achinyamata functionary anali mwamphamvu womangidwa ndi Ukraine - ndi apo monga Mlembi General wa Komiti chapakati cha m'dera analimbikitsa kuti Stalin. Pamene palibe kupondereza anakhalapo. Komabe, mphamvu ya gulu la sankamutsutsa pempholo ndipo chipanichi linavomereza lofunika.

mu Ukraine

Kamodzi Ukraine, Lazar Kaganovich anayamba kuchita mfundo ndi "Ukrainization" - .. Limbikitsani chikhalidwe dziko, sukulu, chinenero, etc. Pa udindo wake watsopano Bolshevik nazo zochuluka za otsutsa hardware, amene anali wapampando wa Republican Bungwe la anthu Commissars Vlas Chubar ndi Commissar Maphunziro Alexander Shumsky . Mu 1928, iwo ali njira zawo, ndi Stalin, Kaganovich anakumbukira kuti Moscow. Pamene anali ku ofesi ambiri mlembi wa Party Communist (Bolsheviks) a Ukraine wapanga ena kuchira pambuyo Civil nkhondo.

Guide collectivization

Kubwerera ku likulu Kaganovich, Stalin anamusiya ku gululo wake wa ogwira ndipo anasankha mlembi wa Moscow Committee wa chipanichi. Komanso, Lazar anapambana mpando Politburo. Komiti ya Central, anakhala ndi udindo ulimi. Monga kumayambiriro kwa 20s ndipo 30s. wamba anapirira dispossession. Kaganovich ankayang'anira chilengedwe cha minda losonkhanitsidwa. Izi ndi zimene wochirikiza wokhulupirika wa Stalin ndi wamkulu anapanga udindo boma kampeni zovuta m'mudzi.

Chopereka kwa collectivization wa Kaganovich, mmodzi wa oyamba kulandira kumene analenga Order la Lenin. Stalin, kamodzinso kukhulupirira kukhulupirika kwake, anachita Pulezidenti wake protégé wa Commission, anapanga yoyeretsa zikuluzikulu za gulu la 1933-1934. Panthawi imeneyi Kaganovich anakhalabe mu Moscow "kuyang'anira" pamene mtsogoleri anachoka maholide chilimwe Nyanja Black.

Pa mutu wa Commissariat of njanji

Anabwera woyamba asanu Zaka Plan. Mtundu zachuma wapeza ntchito ndi Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. Wambiri functionary chingakhale chosakwanira popanda kutchula za ntchito yake pa mutu wa Commissariat of njanji. Amaikidwa kuti udindo uwu mu 1935, anataya malo ake mu Moscow Committee wa chipanichi. Zida permutation inali kuperekedwa monga kuwonjezeka. Ku maganizo a Stalin, Kaganovich kayendedwe zikugwirizanira dongosolo chake, mwa amene sanakumanepo anaikira mu manja a protege wake posts zambiri ndi mphamvu.

Pamene Lazar mu Commissariat of njanji akweza milingo magalimoto, choncho n'kofunika kuti wamakono ndiye yaukapolo. Tinamanga njira yatsopano ndi kusinthidwa akale (ena a iwo anali pamavuto chifukwa moyo wautali ndi mavuto a Civil nkhondo).

Moscow nyumba

Pakuti kupambana kwake Kaganovich anali kupereka dongosolo la Labor Chabwino. Komanso, mu 1936 - 1955 zaka. dzina lake ankavala Moscow Metro (analandiranso dzina la Lenin). Zinali Commissar of njanji kuyang'anira ntchito yomanga "mobisa" ku likulu la dziko. Azilamulira ikuchitika ndi kukhazikitsanso Moscow. City muli ndi chithunzi chatsopano cha likulu la dziko proletarian. Pa nthawi yomweyo mipingo yambiri anawonongedwa. Commissar anthu kuphulika anali kuyang'anira kachisi kwa Khristu Mpulumutsiyo.

Cha m'ma 30 Kaganovich pamodzi walunjika mphamvu ndi madipatimenti chuma (lolemera mafuta ndi mafakitale mafuta). Commissars la Anthu (boma) anakhala kazembe wapampando wa Bolshevik comrade Molotov.

Mu zaka za kupondereza

Mu 1937 Stalin anapezerapo yaikulu ntchito yatsopano ya purges mu chipani ndi Red Army. Kaganovich, monga chiyenera kukhalira, ndi mphamvu zake zonse amapereka kanthu aakulu. Iye anakhudza kupondereza osati mwini Commissariat ake Anthu a njanji, komanso anapereka kuyang'ana kwa tizirombo ndi adani a anthu pa madenga anthu onse Union.

Kaganovich - mnzake wapamtima wa Stalin, kulumikiza mndandanda, amene anawomberedwa pabvomelezo la mtsogoleri wa MCP. Miyala Kremlin zambirimbiri zolembedwa anali yolembedwa ndi Commissar la Anthu. Olemba mbiri kuwerenga okhawo kuwombera limatchula anthu 19,000. Zina pafupifupi Stalin anali Molotov, Voroshilov ndi Yozhov (Patapita kuwombera). Kaganovich anatsogolera purges ndi pansi. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, anayenda mu 1937 m'madera ena a USSR (mu Vol. H. Yaroslavl, Ivanovo ndi dera Kiev). Party functionary anali wotanganidwa ndi chinyozo Katyn kuphedwa - kupha analanda alonda Polish.

Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, Kaganovich (monga Commissar Anthu a njanji) anali amachititsa achoke mabizinesi mu kum'mawa kwa dziko. Katundu lalikulu anaikidwa pa njanji, zimene zambiri athane ndi ntchito yawo. makampani Soviet anatha mofulumira kusintha ntchito kumbuyo ndi kuyamba amapereka zonse zofunika patsogolo. Mu 1942, Commissar Anthu a m'gulu Council asilikali a North Caucasus Front. Koma makamaka anagwira Moscow ndi kum'mwera anafika akufika. Kamodzi Tuapse, kumene positi lamulo pa mabomba iye anavulazidwa ndi shrapnel mphamvu. Pa Kaganovich kutsogolo analondola ntchito yake ya mabwalo a milandu asilikali ndi Maloya asilikali.

Mu theka lachiwiri la nkhondo Stalin anayamba zikuphatikizapo State Komiti ya Kuteteza anthu watsopano. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. Mabuku a mbiri yakale amati iye sanali kusewera ndi udindo waukulu mu T-ngongole ndi kwakukulukulu mwadzina ndi luso chithunzi.

achepe mphamvu

Mu zaka zomalizira za Stalin, Kaganovich anapitiriza zatenga posts pamwamba boma. Monga "handyman", iye akhala nyakuonera wa Utumiki wa Zipangizo zomangira Makampani. Komanso, Lazar anabwerera Politburo wa CC CP (b) ya Ukraine.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya Stalin , Kaganovich anatenga chiwawa chipani kulimbana. Poyamba iye anathandiza Kupha Beria. Komabe, mu 1957 pamodzi ndi Molotov ndi Malenkov anaphatikizidwa latsopano "odana Party gulu" ndi kuchotsedwa posts ake onse. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Kaganovich, Khrushchev anadziwa nthawi zingapo ndipo nthawi ina anathandiza kuti kukwezedwa kwake kwa kagulu ka nomenklatura Stalinist.

Anaumba Commissar Anthu anatumiza kwa ukapolo aulemu mu asibesitosi, kumene anakhala ntchito chipani. Mu 1961, iye potsiriza kuchotsedwa chipani ndipo anatumizidwa ku Kalinin. Kaganovich ukalamba anakhala kwayekha - thupi lake konse anaonekera m'chizimezime ndale. Kale pa kukonzanso kwa usanakhale kuwafika atolankhani analemba chokumbukira mmodzi wa apamwamba lolemekezeka akuluakulu Soviet wa Stalin nyengo. Anaumba Commissar anafa July 25, 1991 pa msinkhu wa zaka 97.

banja

Ngati zonse Stalin zoyerekeza, Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich, wina moyo zinaphatikizidwa ndi utumiki Ndaona banja kuposa wina sewero. mchimwene wake, Michael, choyamba m'gulu la Bolshevik Party, anali Commissar of Aviation Makampani wa USSR. Mu 1940 iye anali amachotsedwa pa nchitozi ndi chikalata chenjezo. Michael, akudziwa kuti posachedwapa angakhale mkhole wa NKVD, anali kudzipha. ena abale awiri Kaganovich luckier. Israel ntchito ku mkaka ndi nyama mafakitale, ndi Israel kuti Commissariat of Trade okhonda.

mkazi Kaganovich wa Maria Privorotsky limodzi ndi RSDLP mu 1909 .. M'nyengo Union, ntchito mu mabungwe malonda anatsogolera nyumba ana ndipo anali kazembe Moscow Council City. Pamene Mariya anali kuchita zinthu agitational wa chipanichi, anakumana ndi mwamuna wake watsogolo Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. Ana a banjali: mwana wake wamkazi Maya (anakonza buku la Nkhani zokhudza ulendo wa bambo ake), ndipo anatengera mwana, Yuri.