Ubwino ndi zimayambitsa Crimea Nkhondo ya 1853-1856

The cha m'ma 19 kwa Russian Ufumu zinali zodzaza ndi kwambiri zamtendere kulimbana kwa Black Sea m'mavuto. Kuyesa kuthetsa nkhaniyo kudzera zamtendere alephera ndi mavuto konse. Mu 1853, a Russian Ufumu anapanga nkhondo Ottoman mphamvu mu Black Sea m'mavuto. Crimea nkhondo ya 1853-1856 Mwachidule, -. Ndi zipolowe wa zofuna za ku Ulaya mu Middle East ndi Balkans. Ŵa limati Ulaya anapanga odana ndi Russian Mgwirizano, amaphatikiza Turkey, French Ufumu, Sardinia ndi Britain. Crimea Nkhondo ya 1853-1856 chinapululutsa m'madera ambiri, izo akutambasula makilomita ambiri. Yogwira ntchito nkhondowo inkachitikira malangizo angapo. Ufumu Russian anakakamizika nkhondo osati mwachindunji mu Crimea, komanso Balkans, ndi Caucasus ndi Far East. Zapamwamba anali kumenyana pa nyanja - pa Black, White ndi Baltic.

Zimayambitsa nkhondo

Zimayambitsa Crimea Nkhondo ya 1853-1856 mbiri yakale chimatanthauza mosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, asayansi a ku Britain mukukhulupirira chifukwa chachikulu nkhondo ya mokwiya sikunachitekepo kukula Mykolaiv Russia, mfumu zinachititsa kuti escalation za nkhondo mu Middle East ndi Balkans. azambiriyakale Turkey kudziwa chifukwa chachikulu cha chilakolako nkhondo Russia chokhazikitsa ulamuliro wake pa Black Sea m'mavuto, zomwe zingapangitse Black nyanjayi thupi la ufumu madzi. Zimayambitsa lalikulu la Crimea Nkhondo ya 1853-1856 anatsindika Russian historiography, umene umati kuwombana upezeke chilakolako Russia ndi kusintha malo awo Kusakhazikika m'bwalo lonse. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale ambiri, nkhondo zinachititsa ya zochitika causal, ndi dziko lililonse la maiko nawo pa prerequisites a nkhondo anali zawo. Choncho, mpaka pano, asayansi mu mkangano alipo chidwi safika tanthauzo wamba zimayambitsa Crimea Nkhondo ya 1853-1856.

zipolowe zinthu

Popeza kuti takambilana zimayambitsa Crimea Nkhondo ya 1853-1856, chitani chiyambi cha nkhondoyi. Chifukwa cha ichi kunali mkangano pakati pa Orthodox ndi Akatolika ulamuliro wa Woyera Manda, limene linali pansi pa ulamuliro wa Ottoman. Kupha ku Russia kupereka mafungulo a kachisi anachititsa alionse ochokera kwa a Ottoman, amachirikiza ndi France ndi United Ufumu wake. Russia si anatsanzika kulephera kwa zolinga zawo mu Middle East, ndinaganiza kusinthana kwa Balkans ndi kuika asilikali awo maukulu.

Mayendedwe a Crimea Nkhondo ya 1853-1856.

Angachite bwino kugawanitsa mkangano mu nthawi ziwiri. Mayeso oyamba (November 1953 - April 1854) - chabe Chirasha Turkey nkhondo, imene Russia chiyembekezo cha thandizo lochokera ku UK ndi Austria sanali wolungama. Anapanga zinthu ziŵiri - mu Caucasus ndi Crimea. Chigonjetso kwambiri chinali Russia Sinop nyanja nkhondo November 1853, imene zombo Black Sea anagonjetsedwa Turkey.

Kuteteza Sevastopol ndi Nkhondo ya Inkerman

The nthawi yachiwiri chinakhalapo mpaka February 1856, ndipo zinali zodzaza ndi kulimba kwa mgwirizano wa limati European ndi Turkey. The ankafika la asilikali anagwirizana mu Crimea yokakamiza asilikali Russian mkatikati mwa pachilumbachi. Yekha angaloŵe citadel anakhala Sevastopol. Mu kugwa kwa 1854 anayamba chitetezo mtima wa Sevastopol. Inept lamulo la asilikali Russian m'malo kupweteka kuposa anathandiza zokometsera mumzindawo. Pa miyezi 11 motsogozedwa ndi amalinyero Nakhimov P., V. Istomin, Vladimir Kornilov atathamangitsidwa Adani. Izo zinali kokha pambuyo anakhala kosathandiza kusunga mzinda, zokometsera, kusiya, analiza malo ndi manja ndi kutentha ndi zinthu zonse zimene kuwotcha, potero kusokoneza anagwirizana mphamvu zotenga m'munsi panyanja.

asilikali Russian akhala akuyesetsa kuti achotse chisamaliro kwa anzawo a Sevastopol. Koma iwo anali onse maloudachnyh. Kugunda pa Inkerman, amanyansidwa m'dera Evpatoria, pa Black Mtsinje nkhondo sanapereke ulemerero wa asilikali Russian, ndipo anasonyeza backwardness ake, zida lotha ndi kulephera bwino kuchititsa maopaleshoni asilikali. zochita zonsezi anabweretsa kugonjetsedwa kwa Russia pa nkhondo. Koma Dziwani kuti anagwirizana asilikali nazo. Magulu a Britain ndi France ndi mapeto a 1855 akhala wotopa, ndi mfundo kulanda mphamvu zatsopano Crimea sanali.

amadzibisa Caucasus ndi Balkan

Crimea Nkhondo ya 1853-1856., The nkhani imene ife tayesera, ndi kusesa Caucasus Front, zochitika zomwe zayambika penapake mosiyana. zinthu panali yabwino kwambiri kwa Russia. Zoyesayesa za asilikali Turkey agonjetse Caucasus analephera. Koma asilikali a Russia anatha patsogolo ngakhale mapeto a Ottoman anagwira Turkey linga Bajazet mu 1854 Kars mu 1855 anagwirizana Ntchito mu Baltic ndi nyanja White ndi Far East analibe chidwi bwino pankhondoyo. Ndipo ambiri zatha magulu ankhondo monga gulu limodzi, ndi Russian Ufumu. Choncho mapeto a 1855 zinali zodzaza ndi de A facto kutha kwa Nkhondo pa amadzibisa onse. Magulu omenyanawa ku gome positi ofesi, kutenga katundu wa Crimea Nkhondo ya 1853-1856.

Kutsiriza ndi zotsatira

Zokambirana pakati Russia ndi ogwirizana mu Paris zinatha pangano mtendere. Posonkhezeredwa mavuto a m'banja, maganizo lankhanza la Prussia, Austria ndi Sweden, Russia anakakamizika kuvomereza zofuna za anzawo a ku neutralization kwa Black Sea. Ban zifukwa zapansi panyanja ndi zombo mosatsata Russia wa kupambana onse a nkhondo kale Turkey. Komanso, Russia wakhala alonjeza kuti kutchinga pa Islands Aland ndi anakakamizika cede ulamuliro pa maukulu Danubian m'manja mwa adani awo. Bessarabia anapambana Ottoman.

Ambiri, Crimea Nkhondo ya 1853-1856. Iwo anali osokonezeka. Pankhondoyi ali anakankhira dziko European chonse kukonzanso makamu awo. Ichi chimatanthauza kuti imayendetsa kupanga zida zatsopano ndi mwachangu kusintha njira ndi njira za nkhondo.

The Ottoman, kuthera miliyoni a mapaundi pa Crimea nkhondo chabwino zinachititsa bajeti dziko kumaliza bankirapuse. Mangawa kwa Britain anakankha Sultan la Turkey kulandira ufulu wa kupembedza ndi kufanana kwa anthu onse, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu. United Kingdom Aberdeen anagonjetsa nduna ndipo anapanga latsopano, lotsogoledwa ndi Ambuye Palmerston, amene ija zogulitsa alonda udindo.

Crimea Nkhondo ya 1853-1856 amakakamizidwa Russia kufuna kusintha. Apo ayi, izo zikanakhoza Wopanda kuphompho komwe mavuto amene nawonso, kungabweretse kupanduka wotchuka chifukwa cha zomwe si ntchito kulosera mmodzi. Zinachitikira nkhondo lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha asilikali.

Crimea nkhondo (1853-1856), chitetezo cha Sevastopol, ndi zochitika zina za nkhondo tidasiya chizindikiro kwambiri pa mbiri, mabuku ndi kupenta. Olemba ntchito ndi olemba ndakatulo ndi amisiri ndayesera kusonyeza ungwazi onse a asilikali kuteteza Sevastopol citadel, ndi tanthauzo lalikulu la nkhondo la Russian Ufumu.