Kale: kalasi, maonekedwe, kubzala ndi chisamaliro

Kale - ndi imodzi mwa mbewu yaikulu masamba amalimidwa m'madera wakunja kwatawuni. Zomera ndi zothandiza ndi zofunikira, kotero tiyeni tikambirane mmene kukula izo.

A mbiri pang'ono

Kale wa banja mpiru, amene ali a mpiru, turnips, rutabaga, radish, radish. Ku Ulaya, Asia ndi Central Asia, dera Mediterranean imafalira pa mitundu 50 ya banja ili.

Amadziwika kuti kudya zikumera wamkulu akale Aigupto, Aroma ndi Agiriki. Iwo wakhala chakudya chodalirika ngakhale zaka zikwi zinayi zapitazo. Kuti ife kale na ku Ulaya anaukitsidwa mu heyday wa Kievan Lazaro (XIII m'ma). N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mu chikhalidwe XVIII m'ma litakhazi- adalowa njira Russian wa moyo, ngakhale kuyambitsa mwambo watsopano pamodzi kukolola kwa dzinja pambuyo phwando Orthodox wa kukwezedwa (September 27).

hybrids Modern ndi sukulu yabwino

Ngati inu mukuganiza chiyani za izo, n'zoonekeratu kuti kabichi yosavuta ndi maziko ambiri a zakudya zathu. Ndife anazolowera kuti ngakhale zindikirani kangati imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti nthawi zonse kuswana kupeza latsopano, hybrids kwambiri zingamuthandize ndi mitundu. Komabe, Musataye awo wamaluwa kugwirizana ndi mitundu yabwino yakale, akhala kutsimikiziridwa.

mitundu yonse ya kabichi anawagawa oyambirira-kukhwima, m'ma nyengo ndi mochedwa. Tikufuna bwino, malinga ndi akatswiri, kuti tsiku mitundu.

Oyambirira-kukhwima:

1. The June - kopitilira muyeso-kudya zosiyanasiyana. Sredneustoychiva matenda. Mwadzidzidzi kuyeretsa kungachititse kuti akulimbana mitu.
2. Choka F1 - kukula mu masiku 120.
3. Copenhagen Market - kukhwima atatha masiku 115.
4. Ditmarskaya oyambirira - kukhwima luso akubwera pambuyo masiku 115-120.
5. Golden ha-1432. Kuyambira chodzala pokolola akudutsa masiku 102-110.

Mid-kalasi

Pezani pyakusowa kabichi yakucha sing'anga akhoza kukhala mu kukula mitundu amenewa:

1. Mphatso. Amakhala pa kukhwima - masiku 130.
2. Menza F1. Kukhwima kwa masiku 115.
3. Ulemerero 1305. Kuyambira chodzala pokolola inadzachitika masiku 137.
4. Ulemerero Gribovskaya-231. Kukhwima kwa masiku 125.
5. Caporali F1. Ndi kukula kwa masiku 90 mpaka 100.

mitundu mochedwa

mitundu mochedwa otchuka kwambiri kwa yosungirako yaitali ndi workpiece, kusamala:

1. Amager.
2. Gingerbread Man F1.
3. Valentina F1.
4. Biryuchekutskaya-138.

kufesa mbewu

Zikuonekeratu kuti khalidwe la kabichi amadalira mbewu. Muyenera kusamalira kupeza awo. Komabe, muyenera kusankha pamaso panu kugula, pamene ndi cholinga chimene mukufuna izo. Ndiye inu mukhoza kusankha mtundu wa masuti inu zabwino: mochedwa, oyambirira kapena pakati. Monga ulamuliro, ngati anthu kukula nokha chikhalidwe, amatsimikiza mitundu yozizira. Ndipo oyambirira ndi pakati zingabzalidwe zedi yaing'ono. Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti zikhalidwe oyambirira sali oyenera akusowekapo iwo sakhoza kunama yaitali. Mid-kalasi oyenera onse mowa atsopano ndi salting. Chabwino, chifukwa yosungirako m'nyengo yozizira muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yozizira.

kabichi oyambirira ndi zofesedwa oyambirira March, koma palibe pasanafike pa tsiku la makumi awiri. mitundu sing'anga zingafesedwe pambuyo April 25. Mochedwa-anabzala chikhalidwe kuyambira m'masiku oyambirira a April. Kuyambira nthawi kuti mbewu yofesedwa ndi pamaso zofunda chitadutsa, kawirikawiri 45-50 masiku.

Kale - ichi ndi chikhalidwe, amene kwambiri udzafunidwa pa kapangidwe wa nthaka. Choncho ndi bwino kukonzekera pasadakhale. Kuyenera osokonezeka mu wofanana mbali ya dziko kuwaika ndi humus. osakaniza linakhulupirira phulusa (1 tbsp. supuni pa 1 kilogalamu wa nthaka) amene adzachita monga antiseptic ndi gwero la kufufuza zinthu. Izi zingathandize kupewa kuoneka ngati matenda monga blackleg, zomera wamng'ono.

Mukhozanso kukonzekera osakaniza ndi osiyana pang'ono zikuchokera Mwachitsanzo, zochokera peat. Izo sizingakhoze ntchito chifukwa chodzala mbewu lapansi m'munda, amene amalima mitundu ya kale na kapena cruciferous ena osemphana monga mkulu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, amene angathe kuwononga mbewu.

Pamaso kufesa mbewu ayenera usavutike kwa mphindi makumi awiri m'madzi. Kenako yachibadwa awo adatchithisira m'madzi ozizira. Njira imeneyi bwino mbewu asanazolowere matenda a mafangasi. The ndondomeko asanadzalemo kabichi? Ndi bwino zilowerere mbewu mu chophuka stimulator ( "silika", "Appin", "Humate"). Pamaso kubzala, dziko ayenera madzi osatinso humidify kwa mphindi mpaka inu mukuona zinamera. Mbewu yofesedwa pa akuya centimeter n'komwe. Kenako mabokosi pamwamba yokutidwa ndi zojambulazo kuletsa madzi kuchokera evaporating kwambiri. Mbewu asungike ku kutentha madigiri makumi awiri.

kupeza mbande

Choyamba mphukira ayenera kuonekera mu masiku 4-5. Kenako filimu akhoza kuchotsedwa ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwa okhutira kuti madigiri khumi. Zikatero, zomera ayenera, mpaka woyamba woona masamba a kabichi. Ndiye mbewu anali pa kutentha madigiri 18, ayenera nthawi zonse kuiulutsa. Nthawi imeneyi simungathe kutsanulira kapena nthaka overdry. The ndondomeko zikumera zitamera? Zomera ayenera mosamala kutsanulira njira ofooka manganese kapena mkuwa sulphate.

Pamene mbande madzi?

Patapita sabata ndi theka pambuyo zikamera wa masamba tsamba kabichi madzi, chifukwa zomera zimafuna danga chitukuko yachibadwa. Pamaso Thirani dothi madzi. Komanso, aliyense mmera akutengedwa ndi mtanda dothi ndi amazidulira ndi muzu lachitatu. Potero woterowu mu beaker ndi kusakaniza. Mukhoza kubzala mbewu poyamba mu mphika munthu, ndiye musati ayenera kuyenda pansi pa madzi mbande. Zomera muli munthu mosavuta ndiye kuziika mu nthaka lotseguka, iwo sakhala maganizo.

Asanadzalemo kabichi mu nthaka lotseguka n'kofunika milungu iwiri mtima wake. Kuti tichite zimenezi, ventilate chipinda, kenako anayamba kupanga zomera pa khonde.

Kabichi: kubzala, feteleza

Mbande anabzala mu nthaka lotsegula nthawi imene kale timapepala ta asanu kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndi kutalika ukufika 12-20 masentimita. zizindikiro oterowo ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana patali pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, oyambirira wokonzeka kumayambiriro May, pamene pakati ndi mochedwa - ndi kutha kwa mwezi kapena m'ma June.

Pamaso kabichi anabzala mu nthaka lotseguka, konzani malo abwino kwa izo. Ziyenera kukhala dzuwa. mitundu oyambirira amakonda mchenga nthaka ndi loam, ndi mochedwa ndi pakati abwino dongo nthaka ndi loam. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zomera ndi m'mbali siyabwino acidic nthaka. Komanso, kulima chikhalidwe sangakhoze kupangidwa pa dziko ali zakhudzana bacteriosis (zaka zisanu ndi zitatu). Komanso zofunika kabichi anabzala m'madera amene anakula posachedwapa cruciferous ena (mpiru, radish, mpiru, radish).

nthaka zakonzedwa pasadakhale, kuyambira mu kugwa. Earth kukumba pa mpeni zokumbira, ndipo anachoka m'nyengo yozizira. padziko Sikuti agwirizane, kulephera ubwino ndondomeko posungira chinyezi. Mu April oyambirira pamene chisanu chimasungunula, nthaka ndi angaimbidwenso ndi mafupa okhaokha, kuchotsedwa namsongole poyamba.

mitundu oyambirira obzalidwa pa mtunda wa masentimita 50 mpaka 60, ndi mochedwa ndi pakati - pa mtunda wa 60 kufika pa 70. mbewu Kwambiri wandiweyani sayenera kuyikidwa, chifukwa iwo ayenera kwambiri kuwala ndi malo.

Zitsime ayenera kuchita zoposa mizu ya mbande. Phando ayenera kuvala ochepa peat, mchenga, manyowa, zimene magalamu makumi asanu phulusa ndi ½ supuni nitrophosphate. Zonse izi mochuluka madzi. Kenako, zomera obzalidwa mwanjira yakuti masamba m'munsi anali pa msinkhu chomwecho pansi.

Kale: Care

Mutabzala kabichi ayenera kukhala woyamba nthawi penyani, monga mizu. Mungafunike mongoyembekezera pritenit izo pang'ono. Pa sabata, ndi bwino kuthirira mbewu usiku uliwonse. Mu chisamaliro tsogolo la mbewu si zovuta. Iye adzakhala Kupalira, tithe kumvetsa kumasulira nthaka, madzi, mankhwala ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, zonse feteleza.

Patapita masabata atatu mutabzala zomera lotseguka nthaka ayenera phiri. Patatha masiku khumi, ndondomeko anali mobwerezabwereza.

kuthirira

Kukula zokoma za kabichi, ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti azisunga mode ulimi wothirira. Iye akusowa madzi ambiri. Ndi bwino kuthirira mbewu madzulo. Pa kutentha otsika zokwanira kamodzi pa mlungu, koma hydration otentha nyengo ayenera kuchitidwa aliyense masiku awiri kapena atatu.

Choncho, nthawi iliyonse kuthirira ayenera kumasula nthaka. Akatswiri ambiri amalangiza ndalama mulching ndi peat (masentimita mpaka asanu wandiweyani), zomwe zimathandiza kusunga chinyontho m'nthaka ndipo nthawi yomweyo wakudya zomera.

Kodi kuchita kudya ndi?

Mavalidwe woyamba ikuchitika masiku khumi pambuyo zomera madzi. Kusakaniza izi anali kusungunuka mu madzi, 2 gm ya potashi feteleza, superphosphate ndi magalamu 4 magalamu awiri a ammonium nitrate. ndalama amenewa zinthu kusungunuka lita imodzi ya madzi. mafuta chakudya chokwanira zomera 50-60.

Feteleza zotsatirazi chagwiritsidwa mu masabata awiri. Izi amagwiritsa chiphunzitso chomwecho. Ngati inu munazindikira chikasu zomera wamng'ono, ayenera madzi ndi yankho la madzi manyowa (1:10). kuvala wina imagwiridwa asanadzalemo kabichi mu nthaka. Ntchito ammonium nitrate ake (3 g), superphosphate (5 magalamu) ndi feteleza potaziyamu (8 magalamu). zigawo ndi kusungunuka mu lita imodzi ya madzi. Potashi thandizo chokhazikika ndi kabichi mu nthaka lotseguka. Osati tinker ndi yokonza njira, inu mukhoza kugula feteleza amatchedwa "Kemira Maapatimenti".

feteleza zomera mu gawo mmera, adzapereka kukula kwambiri mofulumira m'tsogolo.

Processing a chikhalidwe

Pambuyo zofunda kabichi n'kuwaza phulusa wothira fumbi fodya. Izi zingathandize kuteteza zomera yaing'ono kuchokera kafadala nthata ndi slugs. Mankhwala si zabwino kwambiri ntchito ngati kabichi akadali chakudya chodalirika. Pali yosavuta njira kuteteza ku tizirombo popanda kugwiritsa ntchito "zimapangidwira."

Mphutsi ndi nsabwe adaonongedwa ndi kupopera kutsatira kulowetsedwa wa: nsonga phwetekere (2 kg) anadzazidwa ndi madzi (5 malita) ndi kuikidwa kwa maola anayi. Kenako, madzi chotsatira anali owiritsa kwa maola atatu, ndipo kenako ayenera ukhale pansi. Pamaso ntchito, izo kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi (chiŵerengero - 1: 2). Njira yabwino anatengedwa pa chomera, osati akuthamanga pansi, zikhoza kuwonjezera grated phula sopo.

Polimbana ndi mbozi ndi nsabwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito anyezi peel, kumene akonze tincture. Pakuti Kilogalamu imodzi iyi peel kutsanulira malita 2 madzi otentha ndi kunena masiku awiri. Njira yothetsera anali osasankhidwa, anawonjezera kuti malita awiri a madzi ndi sopo ndi madzi.

Akatswiri amalangiza ngati muyeso wa kulimbana ndi tizilombo anaika pafupi ndi kabichi kubzala tchire, marigold, mapira, rosemary, Basil. zomera amawateteza utitiri, njenjete, nsabwe.