Kapangidwe ka lysosomes ndi udindo wawo kagayidwe ma

Selo tinganene kuti ngati dongosolo ultramicroscopic moyo, kuvekedwa nawo mbali zonse chibadidwe mu thupi. zinthu ma otchedwa organelles, kuchita ntchito ya kupuma, ubereki, kudzipatula, chimbudzi. Lysosomes - mmodzi wa mitundu ya organelles. Iwo nyumba odnomembrannym ndi ntchito achindunji chimbudzi zinthu ndi zinthu selo lonse cytoplasm lapansi. Mu pepala ili timaphunzira kapangidwe ka lysosomes ndi kuwafotokozera udindo wawo mu n'zodalirika maselo.

Monga organelles anapanga

Woimira vacuoles odnomembrannye wodzazidwa ndi michere m'mimba, lysosomes anapanga mu akasinja Golgi zovuta ndipo amatchedwa chachikulu. Njira iwo kutuluka makina mu cytoplasm selo. Kamodzi lysosomes kuonongeka cytostructure anayamba kuyamwa kapena kuphwanya nkhani organic, iwo adzalandira dzina sekondale.

organelles awa ali odzazidwa ndi njira ya michere angathe pogawanikana pamawere la tinthu zimam'patsa glycolipids ndi mapuloteni. Kuti lysosomes sekondale munali zinthu zina biologically yogwira monga proteases, lipases ndi sulfurylase. The internals wa organelle ali pH zosakwana 7, kuyambira michere pamwamba mwakhama m'malo acid. Organelles angathe endocytosis kapena pinocytosis. Mapangidwe lysosomes kumadalira mapuloteni zenizeni mu chipinda unakhazikitsidwa pa mitsinje ya granular endoplasmic reticulum.

Mipweya ya kapangidwe masanjidwewo ndi lysosomes

Kupitiriza kuphunzira makhalidwe a lysosomes, taganizirani chimodzimodzi chimene zinthu kupanga malo awo mkati. Puloteni zovuta lili zofunika kwambiri: phosphorylase (cleaves amino zidulo), glucosidase (Machitidwe shuga, mapadi, wowuma) ndi (mafuta ndipu maselo chiwonongeko, mankhwala) lipase.

Omwe organelle Kakhungu kugonjetsedwa kwa michere tatchulazi. Nthawi zina, kumakhaladi atengeke zochita zawo, imbaenda autolysis - kudziona yanyumba Kakhungu, kotero kuti zinthu aukali masanjidwewo anatsanulira mu cytoplasm selo. Zimenezi zimabweretsa ake kudziletsa chimbudzi.

organelle ntchito

Izo ziri zodziwika bwino njira kufunika mu zochita kagayidwe kachakudya kulimbikitsa kutaya zipangizo zinyalala kapena zidutswa za nyumba ma, monga mitochondria akale, ribosomes. Mkulu enzymatic ntchito organelles m'zimene maselo awo, wotchedwa phagocytic. Ndi pamwamba dongosolo lonse la chitetezo cha m'thupi: basophils, macrophages, neutrophils, B lymphocytes. lysosomes makamaka maselo awo mokwanira lalikulu (mpaka 0.5 microns). Iwo ali michere monga ribonuclease, protease, DNase. Kapangidwe otere anafotokoza motere: maselo angathe phagocytosis, lamamatira makamaka mabakiteriya ndi tinthu HIV munali mapulotini zidulo ribonucleic.

limagwirira N'zochititsa chidwi kuti amapereka proteolytic ntchito organelles. particles yachilendo kapena mamolekyulu ali poyamba atsekerezedwa vacuole. Ndi kuti merges lysosome chachikulu, chimene akumasula michere hydrolytic. Tsopano organelle uyu wotchedwa lysosome yachiwiri akuyamba mwachangu Digest analandira ndi nkhani masanjidwewo. The mankhwala pogawanikana pamawere zina akakufunsani ku maselo hyaloplasm ndi zotsalira undigested kusungidwa mu organelles, lomwe limatchulidwa maselo yotsalira. Kapangidwe pamwamba wa lysosomes amitundumitundu ndi kulongosola ntchito yaikulu ya nyumba awa ma.

Udindo wa organelles mu zochita kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi la munthu

Ngati michere mu lysosomes ndi kutulutsa zokwanira, pali kuchepa kwa iwo, imbaenda ku matenda aakulu cholowa, monga leukodystrophy metachromatic. Kapangidwe ka lysosomes mu kudwala izi abnormally. Mu masanjidwewo awo akusowa kapena mu anafooka boma sulfatase - anadziphatika michere cerebrosides. Monga mankhwala a kagayidwe mu maselo a minofu mantha, iwo ayenera kutayidwa, koma kupanda michere yoyenera kumabweretsa kudzikundikira mankhwala amenewa neuroglia ndi hyaloplasm neurocytes. Izi zimapangitsa kawopsedwe mu minofu mantha kuti ndipamene ubongo ndi msana. Chifukwa - chitukuko cha kuvutika thupi ndi retardation maganizo.

Choncho, odnomembrannye organelle udindo chimbudzi zinthu, amathandiza kwambiri pa kagayidwe selo. Mu ntchito iyi taphunzira kapangidwe ka lysosomes, tapeza maudindo awo ndi phindu ntchito foni ndi lonse thupi lonse.