Large mapiri: mndandanda

Kodi ndi phiri? Hot osungunula utuluke chiphalaphala, mumapezeka pa dziko lapansi, pamodzi ndi phulusa mtambo wa nthunzi otentha. Zinthu zochititsa chidwi ndithu yosangalatsa, koma kodi zinachokera kuti? Kodi mapiri akuluakulu padziko lathuli? Kodi iwo?

Chiyambi ndi mitundu ya mapiri

Pansi kutumphuka wakuda ndi chiphalaphala - osungunula zinthu kutentha yaikulu ndi pansi kuthamanga. Monga mbali ya chiphalaphala muli mchere, nthunzi ya madzi ndi mpweya. Atamupanikiza amakhala kwambiri, gasi chiphalaphala akukankha kupyolera mu mfundo ofooka ya matanthwe a. Pamwamba wosanjikiza wa Earth limatuluka monga mapiri, ndipo pamapeto pake inayambika chiphalaphala.

Anakalipa chiphalaphala amatchedwa chiphalaphala ndi kugwedezeka chokwera phiri ndi dzenje - ndi phiri. Kuphulika limodzi ndi umuna wa phulusa ndi nthunzi. chimachititsanso chiphalaphala pa liwiro la 40 Km / h, kutentha madigiri za 1000 Celsius. Malinga ndi kuphulika kwa mapiri ndiponso zochitika ofanana anawagawa mitundu angapo. Mwachitsanzo, Hawaii, Plinian, peleysky ndi ena.

Monga chiphalaphala aja solidifies kutayikira ndi zigawo superimposed, polenga mawonekedwe chamoto. Choncho, pali mapiri conical, mosabisa, ozungulira, stratosphere, kapena magawo, ndi akalumikidzidwa zovuta. Komanso, iwo anawagawa yogwira, matalala ndi zinatha, malingana ndi mlingo wa ntchito chiphala.

Mapiri ambiri padziko lonse

Padziko lonse, pali pafupifupi 540 mapiri yogwira, chiwerengero cha zinatha kwambiri. Onse a iwo zili makamaka Pacific, Africa East, ku Mediterranean apangidwe mabacteria. Ntchito kwambiri zikusonyezedwa mbali ya South ndi ku Central America, Kamchatka, Japan, ndi Aleutian Islands, mu Iceland.

Only mu Pacific zone ili 330 mapiri yogwira. mapiri Large mu Andes, ku zilumba Asia. Mu Africa, wapamwamba amati Kilimanjaro ili Tanzania. Izi kuphulika zingakhale zambiri, ndipo zimenezi zikhoza kudzuka pa mphindi iliyonse. kutalika kwake ndi mamita 5895.

Ziphona ziwiri chiphala dziko ali zimaŵetedwa ku dera la Chile ndi Argentina. Amaonedwa apamwamba mu dziko. Ojos del Salado ndi zinatha, kuphulika ake zinachitika mu 700 AD, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina chitaya nthunzi ya madzi ndi sulfure. Argentine llullaillaco ankaona yogwira, nthawi otsiriza linaphulika yekha mu 1877.

Yaikulu mapiri padziko lonse amene timapemphera tebulo.

Mphete la Moto Pacific

Pacific madzi kubisa atatu mbale lithospheric. m'mbali awo akunja kupita pansi pa lithospheric mbale m'maiko. Kukafika kutsogolo lonse zimfundo Chilwa Pacific mphete la Moto - ang'ono ndi lalikulu mapiri, ambiri mwa zachangu.

Mphete ya moto akuyamba ku Antarctica, umadutsa New Zealand, ndi Philippines, Japan, ndi Islands Kuril, Kamchatka, kuyambira padziko Pacific gombe la North ndi South America. M'madera ena, mphete wasweka Mwachitsanzo, pafupi Vancouver Island ndi Boma la California.

mapiri Large Pacific lamba anakonza mu Andes (Orizaba, San Pedro, Misty, Kotopahi), Sumatra (Kerinci), Ross chilumba (Erebus), Java (Semeru). Mmodzi wa wotchuka - Fuji - Chilwa pachilumba cha Honshu. The Sunda Khwalala ndi phiri Krakatoa.

Chiyambi chiphala ya chilumbachi ndi Islands Hawaii. Yaikulu kuphulika - phiri la Mauna Loa ndi okwera mamita 4169. Kutalika wachibale phiri akudutsa Everest ndi imatengedwa nsonga chapamwamba dziko, izi chimachititsa 10 168 meters.

zone Mediterranean

Madera phiri la Africa North-West, kum'mwera kwa Ulaya, ndi Mediterranean, ndi Caucasus, Asia Minor, m'mayiko a China, Tibet, Indonesia ndi HimalayasI mpaka Alpide lamba. Apa pali yogwira Geological njira, mawonetseredwe mmodzi amene ntchito chiphala.

The mapiri waukulu mu zone ya Mediterranean - ndi Vesuvius, Santorini (Aegean Sea) ndi Phiri Etna ku Italy, Elbrus ndi Kazbek Caucasus Ararati mu Turkey. Chitaliyana Vesuvius tichipeza nsonga zitatu. Kuyambira kuphulika ake amphamvu m'zaka AD choyamba, mzinda anavutika Hekuleniya, Pompeii, Stabia, Oplonti. Pokumbukira chochitika, Karl Bryullov analemba kupenta wotchuka "masiku otsiriza a Pompeii."

Stratovolcano Ararati ndi chimbuzi cha Turkey ndi Chiameniya yachonde. kuphulika otsiriza chinachitika mu 1840. Iwo anali limodzi ndi chivomezi anawononga m'mudzi woyandikana ndi obisika. Ararati monga Caucasus Kazbek, limapangidwa mapiri awiri, amene alekanitsa chishalo.

Large Russian mapiri (mndandanda)

Pa gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia, ndi mapiri ali Kuril Islands dera Kamchatka, ndi Caucasus ndi Trans-Baikal. Iwo mlandu za 8.5% ya mapiri onse padziko lapansi. Ambiri a iwo amaonedwa kukhala zinatha, ngakhale kuphulika mwadzidzidzi wa mayina lina mu 1956 ndi Academy of Sciences mu 1997 anasonyeza relativity akuti.

The mapiri waukulu zili Kamchatka ndi Islands Kuril. Wapamwamba lonse la Europe ndi ku Asia (kuphatikizapo anthu alipo) imatengedwa Klyuchevskaya Sopka (4835 meters). kuphulika otsiriza chinalembedwa mu 2013. Mu Primorsky ndi Khabarovsk Magawo ndi mapiri ochepa. Mwachitsanzo, kutalika Baranovsky mamita 160. ntchito zake mwa zaka khumi zapitazi anasonyeza Berg (2005), Ebeko (2010), Chikurachki (2008), Kizimen (2013) ndi ena.

Yaikulu mapiri Russia anapereka tebulo.

Pomaliza

Mapiri ndi zotsatira za njira yogwira kuti chichitike mkati lathuli. Iwo anapanga mu otentha mawanga kutumphuka, kumene makungwa sangaime mavuto adzaukira ndi kutentha. Zotsatira chiphala kuphulika zikhoza kukhala zoopsa kwambiri, monga iwo limodzi ndi umuna mkhalidwe phulusa, mpweya, sulfure.

Motsatana ndi zochitika kuphulika nthawi zambiri zivomezi ndi zolakwa. Loyenda chiphalaphala ndi waukulu kwambiri kutentha, kuti yomweyo amachita pa zamoyo kwachilengedwenso.

Komabe, popanda kanthu owononga mapiri adzalandira kanthu kwa iwowo. Chiphalaphala, amene sanabwere pamwamba, angachotse m'dambo, n'kupanga mapiri. A chifukwa cha kuphulika ya m'madzi kuphulika ku Iceland wakhala chilumba cha Surtsey.