Kapangidwe ndi ntchito za mtima. Kodi mtima wa munthu?

Mtima - ndi chiwalo chachikulu cha thupi lathu. Umo ndi momwe ntchito, boma zomwe ndi zimadalira thanzi la munthu. Ndipo ntchito za mtima - ndi mutu waukulu kwambiri, zomwe, osachepera chabe kukhala chizindikiro cha lililonse.

mbali structural

Kotero, chinthu choyamba tisaiwale kuti thupi ili kumbali yakumanzere ya pachifuwa. Ngakhale pali m'dziko lathu, kagulu ka anthu apadera kwambiri - mitima yawo kumanja. Kawirikawiri anthu amenewa ndi dongosolo achirendo kwambiri wa chamoyo, mwachitsanzo galasi. Ndipo moyenera, mtima ndi mosiyana ndi dongosolo ochiritsira.

Nthawi zambiri, thupi ili wapangidwa ndi cavities anayi - lamanzere ndi lamanja atria ndi ventricles a. zipinda amenewa anawagawa ndi partitions. Ndithu wosiyana ndi kapangidwe mtima. Chithunzi, chimene chimafotokoza thupi ndendende kumasonyeza kuti chimaimira. Koma M'mimbamo - si zofunika kwambiri. tcheru munthu mavavu udindo otaya magazi.

Location kuli nthambi mtima

Chinthu choyamba kunena za gawo ili la mtima, ndipo izi ndi zimene zikuchitika mu atrium kumanzere, mitsempha m'mapapo mwanga ndi ku lamanja - dzenje. Chabwino ndi kumanzere ventricles akubwera akutsika msempha ndi thunthu m'mapapo mwanga. Choncho nkhaniyi ndi zothandiza mwatsatanetsatane. The ventricle kumanzere anali kugawidwa ndi atrium (ili kumbali imodzi) valavu mitral, lomwe limatchedwanso tsatane awiri. A atrium bwino wogawanika ndi valavu tricuspid. Ngakhale mu mtima amene amalola zojambula mwatsatanetsatane kuganizira kapangidwe ka thupi, ndi kung'ambika ndi m'mapapo mwanga mavavu. Iwo ali ndi udindo ndondomeko outflow magazi kuchokera ventricles wowopsa.

ndondomeko kufalitsidwa

Kodi ntchito ya mtima ndi zofunika kwambiri? Mwachibadwa, ndi magazi. Popanda thupi sangathe liziyenda bwinobwino. Aliyense akudziwa kuti mtima ukugwira awiri makope - yaing'ono ndi yaikulu. The woyamba kumayambira ventricle bwino, ndipo mapeto ake lili atrium kumanzere. Iye ndi amene wathunthu kuwombola mpweya mu alveoli a m'mapapo. Ponena yachiwiri Dziwani kuti bwalo lalikulu mu ventricle kumanzere akuyamba ndi malekezero, ngati inu mukhoza ndikuganiza, mu atrium bwino. Iye ali ndi udindo kwa magazi a m'mapapo osati komanso ziwalo zina. Onse akuyendera kwathunthu yekha ndi mtima wathanzi.

Vavu limagwirira mu kuchitapo

Zambiri zanenedwa za mavavu ndi zimene ntchito za mtima. ntchito zawo ayenera kukhala yomveka bwino ndiponso mwadongosolo. Chifukwa ikukoka ntchito ya mtima zimatengera ndendende pa vavu, amene pamodzi kupanga limagwirira lonse. Tricuspid akutsegula - ndi magazi akudutsa mu ventricle chabwino kwa atrium lapansi. Ikapita anadzazidwa ndi magazi, minofu pansi zotsatira za valavu kuthamanga yatsekedwa. Ndiyeno magazi angabwere kokha kupyolera thunthu m'mapapo mwanga, imbaenda valavu m'mapapo mwanga kuti akutsegula opanikizika mwazi, amene kumawonjezera pa chidule cha ventricle bwino. magazi abwerere pokhapokha ngati poyera mitral valavu. Log mu msempha atseka valavu kung'ambika, chomwe ndi mapiko atatu ofanana ndi maonekedwe a crescents. Pamene ventricle kumanzere ndi omasuka - izo chatsekedwa, ndi mwazi venous akulowa atrium bwino. Choncho anachita ndi magazi. Kumene, mlomo utumiki akadali yaitali kwambiri, koma zoona pamafunika yekha kamphindi. Mofulumira ndi mtima wathu.

Maumboni ofunika podziwa

Kapangidwe ndi ntchito za thupi ili si zofunika okha, iwo ali chidwi. Mwachitsanzo, osati aliyense amadziwa kuti magazi aziyenda ikuchitika pafupifupi 100,000 nthawi patsiku pa mtunda wa makilomita 100 000! Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti amenewa kutalika mpaka zotengera zonse za thupi lathu. Ndipo ngati tikukamba za nthawi angati chaka yafupika mtima wathu, ndiye pali chabe kanjedza zakuthambo - oposa 34 miliyoni! Ndipo potsiriza, deta atsopano - kwa nyengo ya nthawi iyi ndi mtima mapampu malita mamiliyoni atatu a magazi. N'zovuta kwambiri. Choncho, ngati inu ndikudabwa za mtundu wa ntchito imagwiridwa ndi mtima, tikhoza kunena motsimikiza - kwambiri. Ndipo amagwira ntchito imeneyi chachikulu. Ndi ponena chinthu chimodzi zambiri ofunika: pa kuchepetsa mmodzi amatenga ndalamazo mphamvu, zimene zingakhale zokwanira kuchotsa katundu mu magalamu 400 kulemera ndi kutalika kwa 1 mita. Ndipo izi kutenga nkhani yakuti mtima ndi pa mpumulo, amathera pafupifupi 15 okha kuchuluka kwa nkhokwe zake nazo ake. Koma ngati thupi amachita khama, amathera 35% mphamvu zake. Kuti ndi mtima wathu, kapangidwe ndi ntchito imene kwenikweni wapadera ndi wapadera.

Myocardium ndi kulunjika ake

Pano mukhoza kulankhula kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo ndithu zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, m'mnyewa wamtima maselo contractile. Kukambirana ntchito ya mtima, sangakhoze koma bwanji chidwi ndi nthawi. chakuti iwo kwa zaka zambiri kuthamanga osaima. Chifukwa ndi zofunika kuti zonse aziwapatsa mlengalenga. Chosowa mpweya ndi zakudya zina kusokoneza ntchito ya mtima wa munthu. Ngati iwo sangachite, maselo kuyamba kufa, ndipo pomwepo. Ndipotu, iwo satero nkhokwe, amene akanatha mu Zikatero. Moyo maselo mtima - makope osatekeseka. Ndipo minofu limene ladzala ndi mwazi, mwina njala. Pambuyo m'mnyewa wamtima magazi chomwe chimadzaza M'mimbamo ake, sadya. Popanga zakudya onse kudutsa ziwiya anakafika ku msempha.

kumaliseche ntchito

Ndi mmodzi wa waukulu. Ndipo ndi kusinthana kwa diastole ndi systole wa ventricles mtima - ndi alternately zosangalatsa awo ndi chidule. Izi diastole, ndi ventricles mudzaze ndi magazi. Ngati pali systole, Amadutsa magazi mu thunthu m'mapapo mwanga ndi msempha, T. E. Mu mitsempha lalikulu. Kodi mukukumbukira - pafupi ventricles ndi mavavu mtima, amene ali chowalepheretsa chigamulocho liwiro magazi mtima kwa mtsempha wamagazi ndi. Pambuyo mwazi wonse, pamaso nadzaza ventricles, umadutsa mitsempha yaikulu mwachindunji mu atrium lapansi. Kuchepetsa - izo yoyamba ndi systole yamitsempha yamagazi. Tikhoza kunena kuti atrium - ndi mtundu wa mpope wothandiza, kuthandiza kudzaza ventricles.

zinthu zinchito za mtima

tanthauzo n'kofunika kwambiri ngati mmene ntchito ikuchitika ndi mavavu. Minofu CHIKWANGWANI chabe chimodzi zinchito. unyolo uwu wapangidwa ndi maselo m'mnyewa wamtima, amene olumikizidwa kwa wina ndi mzake ndipo unazunguliridwa mmodzi Kakhungu sarcoplasmic. Tikumbukenso kuti ulusi anawagawa mitundu yambiri. Izi zidalira pa makhalidwe awo zinchito ndi morphological wa munthu. Yoyamba - ndi CHIKWANGWANI yamitsempha yamagazi ndi matenda myocardium. Oterewa waukulu minofu misa ndi ndiwo kupereka ikukoka ntchito. A mtundu chachiwiri - otchedwa ulusi minofu kuchititsa dongosolo. Iwo ali ndi udindo maonekedwe a chisangalalo, komanso kusintha wake ku maselo a myocardium lapansi. Kotero kuti imathandizira kugunda kwa mtima - Chifukwa cha chisokonezo mu zigawo zinchito za anthu chapakati thupi.

Zotsatira za kusokonezeka kwa mtima

Kanthu momwe akuyendera anthu mtima ntchito, izo zimatengera pa thanzi lake, kale otchulidwa. Mwatsoka, lero, ambiri amadwala matenda kugwirizana ndi thupi. Iwo mwachangu odwala okalamba anthu ndi okalamba. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kuti anatchulidwa - thupi ili ndi ntchito yosayima moyo, ndi n'zosadabwitsa kuti pambuyo pa zaka 50-60 ntchito mosalekeza, amatopa. Atatu mwa kufa asanu anthu chifukwa matenda a mtima, makamaka matenda a mtima.

Ndi matenda magulu atatu aakulu a matenda zokhudza Mitsempha, mavavu ndi chipolopolo nsalu. Mwachitsanzo, atherosclerosis - matenda imagwira mitsempha mtima. Mwa njira, ndi matenda ambiri. Kapena mtima kulephera, zambiri zingamvekere. matenda More zazikulu zimachitika wachiwiri. Akamanena za matenda lagona kuphwanya ntchito iliyonse kuli nthambi mtima. Ndi chilema akhoza mwina kuthi kapena kobadwa nako. Arrhythmias akhoza zimachitika ngati munthu ntchito mtima chakhungu. Nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa anagogoda kugwirizana, pafupipafupi, kapena mtima mungoli. Anthu ena amadwala angina (anoxia). Ndipo potsiriza, tisaiwale chidwi kuphwanya, monga infarction m'mnyewa wamtima. inanso matenda mtsempha wamagazi - pamene pali matenda a dziko myocardium amathera akuyamwitsa magazi, kapena si monga kwambiri monga mwa nthawi zonse.

cardiopalmus

Zochokera kumwamba, Tingathe kuona kuti ngati kusintha kulikonse zimachitika ndi thupi lathu lalikulu - ndiye izi ndi kuphwanya ufulu wa ntchito mtima. Mwina matenda ambiri ndi ambiri pafupipafupi anaona ndi mtima palpitations. Izi zikhoza kukhala tachycardia, kumene kumachitika chifukwa inatsekeratu matenda mtsempha wamagazi, myocarditis, m'mnyewa wamtima dystrophy, kapena chifukwa cha chilema. Koma nthawi zina matenda osati ndi mtima - kungakhale chifukwa matenda a chithokomiro, kusintha kapena chotupa unaonekera. anthu ambiri amangowerenga samapereka tcheru kuti kumatchula ululu kapena zomverera zachilendo. Ndipo pachabe, chifukwa mtima wathu akukumana katundu yaikulu. Makamaka tcheru kuti uyu ayenera kukhala ngati zochitika payekha ali ofanana ndi mantha ntchito, nkhawa ndi zokhumudwitsa.

mbali zina

Kuwonjezera kukhazikitsa kufalitsidwa, thupi ili yofunika, pali mwayi wina. Kodi ntchito yaikulu ya mtima ayenera allocated kwambiri? Mwina otchedwa automatism - umatha kubala nyemba ngati kuti tifulumizane malemeredwe. Lalikulu osiyana automatism sinoatrial mfundo. Komabe samaiwala za madutsidwe - ntchito ya myocardium, kapena m'malo mphamvu yake popereka zikhumbo mwachindunji mu contractility za mtima. Kwenikweni, excitability - ndondomeko powapatsa mofulumira kugunda zimachitika chikoka. Ndipo, ndithudi, refractory, ndi satha kuti yambitsa maselo a myocardium okondwa mu nkhani ngati ali chizindikiro zina anayamba kufika. Iwo sagwirizana chifukwa Mtheradi (pamene mtima kwathunthu chidwi kwa malemeredwe chilichonse), komanso wachibale (thupi sagwirizana ndi mawu amphamvu kwambiri). Choncho ntchito mtima wa munthu ndi osatha.

Chinthu chokha chimene Ndikufuna osanenapo - chifukwa chimene muyenera malila. Ndipotu, thupi ili ndi lofunika kwambiri, ndipo izo zimatengera chikhalidwe cha nthawi ya moyo wa munthu. Choncho, potengera zimene takambiranazi, tikhoza kulengeza kuti dongosolo mtima ndi ntchito yomwe ankatengedwa m'njira zambiri - ndi limagwirira wopangidwa mwa unyinji wa mitsempha, cavities ndi mavavu, inakula cholinga chimodzi - kupereka makope wathunthu. Ndipotu, m'pofunika kuti moyo wa cholengedwa chilichonse chamoyo. Chotero kodi ndendende ili ndi ntchito yaikulu ya mtima.