Kapangidwe selo nyama

Cell - ndondomeko zing'onozing'ono onse zomera ndi nyama - kwambiri chachinsinsi chodabwitsa cha chilengedwe. Ngakhale pa mlingo yake ndi yovuta koopsa selo zoti ndi zizindikiro kuchuluka kwa nyumba kuti ntchito yeniyeni. Mu thupi, yeniyeni ya maselo kupanga zimakhala, zimakhala - ziwalo, ndipo iwo - dongosolo thupi. Kapangidwe ka nyama ndi zomera maselo zinthu zambiri zofanana, koma pa nthawi yomweyo ndipo ali kusiyana ofunika. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mankhwala zikuchokera maselo, mfundo zofanana za kapangidwe ndi kugwira ntchito, koma chomera maselo ndi centrioles (kupatula algae), ndipo mmalo monga zakudya m'munsi ndi wowuma.

Kapangidwe ka maselo a chinyama zochokera zigawo zitatu zikuluzikulu - phata, cytoplasm ndi maselo. Pa maziko a cytoplasm ndipamene protoplasm. Maselo - ndi Kakhungu kwachilengedwenso (septum) lomwe limapanga malire selo ku malo akunja, anakulunga ndi organelles selo ndi mtima ndipamene makontena cytoplasmic. Mukaika lokonzekera pansi maso pa, kapangidwe ka khungu nyama mosavuta anawona. Maselo limapangidwa zigawo zitatu. Lakunja wamkati ndiponso zigawo mapuloteni ndi wapakatikati - zamadzimadzi. Mmene zamadzimadzi wosanjikiza zina lagawidwa zigawo ziwiri - wosanjikiza mamolekyulu hydrophobic ndi wosanjikiza mamolekyulu hydrophilic, yomwe imakonzedwa mu dongosolo yeniyeni. Pamwamba pa kapangidwe selo nembanemba ndi wapadera - glycocalyx, amene amatipatsa mphamvu kuti Kakhungu kusankha. Chipolopolo apatsira popanga zipangizo amagwira amene kuvulaza. Kapangidwe ka maselo nyama umalimbana kuonetsetsa ntchito zoteteza kale pa mlingo. The malowedwe a zinthu mwa mthunzi kumachitika mwa kudzipeleka mwachindunji nembanemba cytoplasmic. Padziko Kakhungu ndi chidwi chokwanira chifukwa anaŵerama, protrusions, makutu ndi villi. Nembanemba cytoplasmic akudutsa monga particles kakang'ono ndiponso ikuluikulu.

Kapangidwe The amakhala ndi cytoplasm selo nyama, kwakukulukulu wopangidwa mwa madzi. The cytoplasm - ndi cholandirira kuti organelles ndi inclusions. Komanso cytoplasm lili cytoskeleton ndi - filaments mapuloteni omwe ali nawo ndondomeko za magawano selo, delimit danga okhudza maselo ambiri ndi kukhalabe selo mawonekedwe, luso kuti kuotcha. Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya cytoplasm - hyaloplasm yomwe ndiyo kukhuthala ndi elasticity dongosolo cha ndende. Malinga zinthu kunja ndi mkati hyaloplasm angasinthe kukhuthala ake - kukhala madzi kapena gel osakaniza.

Kuphunzira kapangidwe ka selo nyama, n'kosatheka kulabadira makina a ma - organelles amene ali mu selo. organelles onse ndi yeniyeni awo dongosolo, amene amayamba ndi ntchito anachita. Phata - chapakati unit wa khungu lomwe lili ndi mfundo majini ndi kumatanthauza kagayidwe mu khungu yokha. Ndi organelles ma zikuphatikizapo reticulum endoplasmic, likulu selo, mitochondria, ribosomes, Golgi zovuta, plastids, lysosomes, vacuoles. organelles awa ali ponseponse selo, koma, malinga kugwira ntchito, kapangidwe ka khungu nyama zingasiyane ndi kukhalapo kwa nyumba yeniyeni.

Ntchito organelles selo:

- mitochondria oxidize mankhwala organic ndi amasonkhana mphamvu mankhwala;

- endoplasmic reticulum chifukwa kukhalapo kwa michere yeniyeni apanga mafuta ndi chakudya, izo wakudya atsogolere zoyendera zinthu mwa maselo;

- ribosome lithe mapuloteni;

- Golgi zovuta mapuloteni limafotokoza, kumaundanitsa mafuta kupanga, polysaccharides, ndipamene lysosomes kukonzekera mfundo kuchotsa awo maselo kapena ntchito mwachindunji mkati mwake;

- lysosomes m'mimba chakudya, mapuloteni, mafuta ndi zidulo mkati zoona, chosinkhasinkha kulowa zakudya cha ndende;

- pakati selo nawo ndondomeko ya kugawikana khungu;

- vacuole, chifukwa zili ya turgor selo kuyamwa thandizo maselo (kuthamanga mkati).

Kapangidwe ka maselo amoyo ndi kovuta - pa mlingo ma kumafunika njira amuzolengedwa, amene sovvokupnosti kupereka ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya thupi.