Minofu minofu: kapangidwe ndi ntchito. Features ya kapangidwe ka minofu minofu

Nyama ndi zomera amasiyana osati maonekedwe, koma, ndithudi, internally. Komabe, chinthu chofunika kwambiri m'moyo - ndi zinyama amasamukira mwachangu danga. Zoperekedwa ndi chifukwa kukhalapo mu minofu wapadera - minofu. Iwo ife tione pafupi pa.

minofu nyama

Mu thupi la nyama ndi munthu mitundu 4 a minofu kumalumikiza ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe amene amapanga magazi ndi wozengereza ntchito kwambiri.

1. Zaminyewa. Mafomu chimakwirira matupi akunja chotengera khoma wodzaza ndi nembanemba mucous, ndipamene nembanemba serous.
2. Mantha. Mafomu ziwalo zonse za dongosolo dzina lomweli, ali mbali yofunika kwambiri - excitability ndi madutsidwe.
3. Lumikiza. Lilili mu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo madzi mawonekedwe - magazi. Imagwiritsidwa tendons, Mitsemphayi, wosanjikiza mafuta, amadzaza fupa.
4. Minofu minofu, kapangidwe ndi ntchito yomwe athe zinyama ndi anthu kuchita zosiyanasiyana kayendedwe, ndipo ambiri nyumba mkati - mgwirizano ndi kukuza (ziwiya, ndi zina zotero).
   

Kuphatikiza chokhala ndi zonse zamoyo izi zipangitsa kapangidwe wabwinobwino ndi ntchito zamoyo.

Minofu minofu: Gawo

A udindo wapadera mu yogwira zinyalala anthu ndi nyama kumathandiza dongosolo apadera. Dzinali - minofu minofu. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito zake zoyambirira kwambiri ndi chidwi.

Kwenikweni, minofu imeneyi ndi sakanikira, ndipo gulu yake. ayenera kuonedwa mwatsatanetsatane. Pali mitundu ya minofu minofu, monga:

• kusalaza;
• striated;
• mtima.

Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi malo ake kutanthauzira mu thupi ndi kukachita bwino chimatanthauza ntchito.

Kapangidwe ka maselo minofu

Onse mitundu itatu ya minofu minofu ndi zizindikiro zawo structural. Komabe, munthu akhoza kudziwa dongosolo wamba selo chipangizo dongosolo chotero.

Choyamba, ndi mawonekedwe elongated (nthawi zina 14 cm), ndiko kuti, chimafikira pamodzi ndi minofu thupi lonse. Kachiwiri, ndi Mipikisano pachimake, chifukwa maselo amenewa kwambiri tima mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe ndondomeko anachita mapangidwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa ATP mamolekyulu.

Komanso makamaka minofu minofu dongosolo mu maselo ake ali myofibrils matabwa anapanga mapulotini awiri - akitini ndi myosin. Iwo amapereka mbali yaikulu ya nyumba imeneyi - contractility. Aliyense fibril ulusi-ngati zikuphatikizapo magulu kuonekera pansi pa maso monga kuwala ndi mdima. Awa zedi, kupanga chinachake ngati chingwe. Akitini ndipamene yowala ndi myosin - mdima.

Katundu minofu minofu ya mtundu uliwonse mu maselo awo (myocytes) kupanga lonse limodzi - CHIKWANGWANI mitolo kapena symplasts. Aliyense wa iwo wodzaza pa inteja mkati accumulations fibrils, pamene miniti yokha dongosolo tichipeza mapuloteni tatchulazi. Ngati tikambirana kapangidwe wophiphiritsa wa limagwirira, izo likukhalira ngati matryoshka ndi, - zochepa kwambiri, ndi zina zotero, kufikira kwambiri CHIKWANGWANI mitolo ophatikizana lotayirira connective minofu angamulambirire - inayake minofu minofu.

Chilengedwe mkati mwa selo, ie, munthu protoplast, lili onse a zigawo chomwecho structural komanso ena aliwonse mu thupi. Kusiyana - mu kuchuluka kwa mtima ndi kuonetsa si pakati pa CHIKWANGWANI, ndi gawo zotumphukira. Komanso Gulu kuti si chifukwa nkhaniyo majini a pakati, ndi chifukwa maselo wapadera, wodziwika ndi dzina la Kanema wa. Ali mbali ya myocyte Kakhungu ndi mwachangu ntchito kusinthika ntchito - kubwezeretsa minofu okhulupirika.

The katundu wa minofu minofu

Komanso nyumba ina, izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi makhalidwe awo, osati dongosolo komanso mu ntchito anachita. The katundu yaikulu ya minofu minofu kudzera zomwe iwo akhoza kuchita izi:

• kuchepetsedwa;
• excitability;
• madutsidwe;
• lability.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ulusi mitsempha, mitsempha ya magazi ndi capillaries kuti kudyetsa minofu, iwo mwamsanga kuzindikira nyemba chizindikiro. Mundawu amatchedwa excitability.

Komanso zimaonetsa minofu minofu kapangidwe ndi zimenezi mwamsanga kuti mkwiyo aliyense, kutumiza kumbuyo patsogolo mu kotekisi oziziritsa ndi chingwe msana. Ichi ndi chiwonetsero cha conduction katundu. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri chifukwa kuthekera kuchita zotsatira kuopseza (mankhwala, makina, khalidwe thupi) - mkhalidwe wofunika kwa yachibadwa moyo abwino chamoyo chilichonse.

Minofu minofu, kapangidwe ndi ntchito kuti amachita - zonsezi wonse yafupika chuma chachikulu, contractility. Kukutanthauza wopondereza (controllable) kapena musanaganizire (popanda amazindikira) kuchepetsa kapena kuwonjezera kutalika kwa myocyte lapansi. Ichi ndi chifukwa mapuloteni myofibrillar (akitini ndi myosin filaments). Iwo akhoza kutambasula ndi kupatulira pafupifupi invisibility, ndiyeno mwamsanga kubwezeretsa matabwa ake.

Izi makamaka minofu minofu ya mtundu uliwonse. Choncho anamanga ntchito mitima ya anthu ndi nyama, zipangizo zawo minofu diso, onsewo apulo. Ndi katundu limapereka mphamvu kwa kayendedwe yogwira, kayendedwe m'malere. Kaya anatha kupanga munthu ngati thupi lake sangathe zochepa? Osadandaula. Kwezani ndipo tsitsa dzanja kudumpha, amawerama, kuvina ndi kuthamanga kuchita zosiyanasiyana zokambirana - zonse zimathandiza kuti minofu yokha. Ndicho myofibrils akitini ndi myosin chikhalidwe kupanga myocytes nsalu.

Chuma comaliza, ayenera otchulidwa ndi lability. Zimatengera mphamvu ya nsalu kuti achire mwamsanga malemeredwe, kubwera kwa ntchito mtheradi. myocytes bwino akhoza kuchita ichi chokha axons - maselo mitsempha.

Kapangidwe ka minofu minofu, adzalandidwa katundu ali mbali chosiyana - zifukwa zikuluzikuluzo chifukwa kukhazikitsa angapo ntchito zofunika mu thupi la nyama ndi anthu.

nsalu yosalala

Mtundu umodzi wa minofu. Iwo ali chiyambi mesenchymal. Iwo anakonza mosiyana ndi ena. Myocytes yaing'ono, pang'ono elongated, amafanana unakhuthala pakati pa usasungunuke. Wapakati kukula selo ndi za mamilimita 0.5 m'litali ndi microns 10 awiri.

Protoplast chifukwa analibe sarcolemma. Phata la chinthu chimodzi, koma zambiri mitochondria. The kutanthauzira zakuthupi chibadwa, anasiyanitsidwa cytoplasm karyotheca - pakati pa chipindacho. The plasma Kakhungu zoti chabe zokwanira, mapuloteni zovuta ndi lipids unkachitika. Pafupi mitochondria ndi cytoplasm omwazika miofibrillnye mphete munali akitini ndi myosin zedi kakang'ono, koma yokwanira kuchepetsa minofu. Endoplasmic reticulum ndi Golgi zovuta anthu ambiri chosavuta ndi kuchepetsedwa poyerekeza ndi maselo ena.

Yosalala minofu minofu popangidwa myocytes matabwa (maselo spindle woboola pakati) anafotokoza dongosolo innervated efferent ndi ulusi afferent. Ndi phunziro kwa kasamalidwe mantha dongosolo autonomic, mwachitsanzo yafupika, okondwa popanda amazindikira thupi.

Mu ena yosalala minofu matupi popangidwa ndi maselo mmodzi yekha ndi innervation makamaka. Ngakhale zodabwitsazi ndi osowa. Ambiri, pali mitundu iwiri yaikulu ya maselo yosalala minofu:

• secretory myocytes, kapena kupanga;
• yosalala.

Malodifferentsirovanna Gulu loyamba la maselo zizindikiro kuchuluka mitochondria, Golgi zida zimene ananena. The cytoplasm kuonekeratu kunachokera mitolo ya myofibrils contractile ndi microfilaments.

Gulu lachiwiri la myocytes apadera mu kaphatikizidwe polysaccharides ndi combinative zovuta zinthu macromolecular, kumene zina anamanga kolajeni ndi elastin. Iwo azimva mbali yaikulu ya thunthu intercellular.

kutanthauzira mu thupi

Yosalala minofu minofu, kapangidwe ndi ntchito kuti amachita, kuwalola kuganizira ziwalo zosiyana mosiyanasiyana. Popeza innervation si nkhani kulamulira mwa ntchito anthu imatsogoleredwa (maganizo ake), ndi kutanthauzira adzakhala yoyenera. Monga:

• ndi Mitsempha ndi mitsempha;
• ambiri ziwalo mkati;
• chikopa;
• mwana wa diso ndi nyumba zina.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, chikhalidwe cha ntchito za minofu yosalala - otsika-liwiro.

ntchito

Kapangidwe ka minofu minofu akusokoneza umboni mwachindunji pa ntchito iwo kuchita. Choncho, minofu yosalala zingamuthandize ntchito zotsatirazi:

• kukhazikitsa chidule ndi zosangalatsa za malamulo;
• chidule ndi kukula kwa lumen Mitsempha ndi lymph;
• kayendedwe ka maso mu madera osiyana;
• kulamulira kamvekedwe wa chikhodzodzo ndi ziwalo zina dzenje;
• kupereka anachita kutsogoleredwa ndi mahomoni ndi mankhwala ena;
• mkulu ductility ndi kulankhulana njira ya malemeredwe ndi chidule.

Ndulu, chapamimba malo confluence wa intestine, ndi chikhodzodzo mkodzo, lymph ndi magazi wolumikizira ziwiya, mitsempha ndipo ambiri drugieorgany - amatha liziyenda bwino okha ndi katundu minofu yosalala. Management, kamodzi kusungitsa ndi mosamalitsa yoyenda yokha.

Striated minofu minofu

Mitundu pamwamba minofu minofu sali pansi kulamulira ndi maganizo a anthu, ndipo si udindo kayendedwe ake. Ndi mwayi wapadera wa mawonekedwe a ulusi - striated.

Choyamba ife kumvetsetsa, chifukwa iwo anali atapatsidwa dzina ili. Kuwaona mu maso ndi inu mukhoza kuwona kuti nyumba izi ndi striations osiyana kudutsa m'magawo ena - mapuloteni akitini ndi myosin filaments kuti amapanga myofibrils. Izo zinali chifukwa mutu oterowo minofu.

Cross-minofu minofu ndi myocytes chikukhudza ndi kuchuluka kwa mitima ndi amene amakhala merging nyumba zingapo ma. chodabwitsa Izi zinaperekedwa mwa mawu "symplast" kapena "syncytia." Maonekedwe ulusi ankaimira yaitali, elongated maselo cylindrical, mwamphamvu inakula wamba intercellular mankhwala. Mwa njira, pali minofu kuti ndipamene chimango kwa articulation wa myocytes onse. Nyamayi minofu yosalala. Connective minofu - maziko a thunthu intercellular, zomwe zimakhala wandiweyani ndi lotayirira. Komanso amalenga zosiyanasiyana tendons, imene striated minofu chigoba Ufumuyo mafupa.

Myocytes ankaona nsalu koma lalikulu kwambiri, akali zinthu zingapo:

• maselo sarcoplasm lili yambiri myofibrils mosavuta distinguishable ndi microfilaments (akitini ndi myosin mu maziko);
• deta nyumba amaphatikizidwa mu ikuluikulu - Ulusi minofu, womwe mwachindunji anapanga chigoba minofu magulu osiyana;
• Pali mtima ambiri ofotokozedwa bwino reticulum ndi zida Golgi;
• bwino anayamba mitochondria ambiri;
• innervation ikuchitika pansi pa ulamuliro wa dongosolo somatic mantha, kuti ndi bwino;
• kutopa CHIKWANGWANI ndi mkulu Komabe, ntchito kwambiri;
• lability pamwamba pafupifupi kudya kuchira pambuyo refraction.

Mu thupi la nyama ndi anthu minofu striated ndi wofiira. Zimenezi zalongosoledwa ndi kukhalapo kwa myoglobin mu ulusi - mapuloteni apadera. Aliyense myocyte yokutidwa pafupifupi wosaoneka kuchokera kunja chipolopolo mandala - sarcolemma.

Pa wamng'ono wa nyama ndi anthu minofu chigoba muli zambiri wandiweyani connective minofu pakati myocytes. Ndi kupita kwa nthaŵi ndi kukalamba izo zatha lotayirira ndi mafuta, kotero minofu kukhala flabby ndi ofooka. Ambiri, chigoba minofu amatenga 75% ya kulemera okwana. Kuti ali nyama, mbalame ndi nsomba zimene munthu adya. zakudya mtengo ndi mkulu chifukwa okhutira mkulu wa mankhwala osiyanasiyana mapuloteni.

A zosiyanasiyana minofu striated, kuwonjezera mafupa, ndi mumtima. Features wa matabwa ake tingasonyezere pamaso pa mitundu iwiri ya maselo maselo yachibadwa minofu cardiomyocytes. Kawirikawiri ndi kapangidwe mofanana mafupa a. Udindo yoyenda yokha chidule cha mtima ndi ziwiya zake. Koma cardiomyocytes - zinthu zenizeni. Iwo pang'ono myofibrils, choncho, akitini ndi myosin. Zimenezi zikusonyeza mphamvu otsika kuchepetsa. Koma ntchito yawo ayi. Udindo waukulu - ntchito ya excitability wa mtima, rhythmic zolimbitsa automaticity.

Mtima minofu minofu aumbike mwa nthambi mobwerezabwereza myocytes ake membala ndi kusakanikirana wotsatira mu angamulambirire nthambi. Wina kusiyana kwa striated minofu chigoba - kuti maselo mtima muli mtima, mu gawo wofunika. Myofibrillar m'madera isanafalikire pa periphery wa.

Amene ziwalo mitundu?

Onse minofu chigoba cha thupi - ndi striated minofu minofu. Table kusonyeza kutanthauzira kwa zimakhala mu thupi, chili m'munsimu.

Mtengo kwa chamoyo

Udindo umene amachita minofu striated, n'zovuta Musaone. Ndipotu, iye ndi udindo wofunika kwambiri zimasiyanitsa khalidwe la nyama ndi zomera - luso kuchita kayendedwe yogwira. Munthu angathe kupanga kwambiri kwa mpheto kwambiri zovuta kuzimvetsa ndi losavuta, ndi onse a iwo amadalira ntchito minofu chigoba. Anthu ambiri amachita mokwanira kuphunzitsa akatumba awo, kupanga izi zikomo kwambiri kupambana kwa katundu wa minofu minofu.

Taganizirani zimene zimagwira ntchito zina zimagwiridwa ndi minofu striated mu thupi ndi nyama anthu.

1. Udindo mabala ovuta nkhope, akuti maganizo, zizindikiro za maganizo zovuta.
2. Iwo amathandiza udindo wa thupi m'malere.
3. Achiritsa m'mimba chitetezo ntchito (by kanthu mawotchi).
4. minofu mtima amapereka chidule rhythmic za mtima.
5. minofu chigoba zimakhudzidwa zochita kumeza kupanga timinofu.
6. Kusintha kayendedwe chinenero.

Choncho, tinganene zotsatirazi: minofu minofu - mbali zofunika structural thupi aliyense nyama, zimamuthandiza luso lapadera. Katundu ndi kapangidwe ka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya minofu kupereka ntchito kwambiri. Maziko Kapangidwe ka myocyte aliyense minofu lagona - CHIKWANGWANI anapangidwa kuchokera filaments mapuloteni a akitini ndi myosin.