Kirghiz SSR: history, maphunziro, chizindikiro, mbendera, chithunzi munda, likulu, mayunitsi asilikali. Frunze, Kirghiz SSR

Kirghiz SSR - mmodzi wa khumi ndi mayiko Union. Ndi wotsogolera wa Kyrgyzstan ano. Monga ena a dziko, gulu ili boma anali ndi makhalidwe yake kugwirizana ndi mbiri, chikhalidwe, malo Hrs, chuma ndiponso mtundu wa anthu. Tiyeni tipeze mwatsatanetsatane zimene tingati Kirghiz SSR, mbali ndiponso mbiri yake.

malo Hrs

Choyamba, tiyeni tipeze malo ake apadera a dziko. Kirghiz SSR anali kum'mwera kwa USSR, kum'mawa kwa chigawo chapakati ku Asia za izo. Kumpoto ndi m'mphepete mwa a Chikazaki SSR, kumadzulo - ndi Chiuzibeki SSR, kum'mwera chakumadzulo, kum'mwera - ndi Chitajiki SSR, kum'mawa izo malire ndi China. Malo okwana Republic ndi pafupifupi 200,000 mamita lalikulu. Km.

Maphunziro onse analibe mwayi kwa nyanja, ndipo ambiri alili dziko ndi mapiri. Ngakhale intermountain zigwa, monga Issyk-Kul, Fergana ndi maenje Jumgal, komanso Talas Valley, inali pamalo okwera osachepera 500 mamita pamwamba mlingo nyanja. Waukulu mapiri a dziko - ndi Tien-Shan. Pachimake apamwamba - Peak Pobeda. Kum'mwera Kyrgyzstan - ndi Pamir dongosolo phiri. M'malire ndi Tajikistan ndi Lenin pachimake.

The mosungiramo waukulu wa Kyrgyzstan - Issyk-Kul Lake, ili kumpoto, kum'mawa.

prehistory

Kale pa dera la Kyrgyzstan ankakhala mafuko osiyanasiyana a m'mayiko a ku Ulaya wosamukasamuka, imene oyambirira Ages Middle n'kuyamba anthu Turkic. Pa Ages Middle kuno kum'mwera kwa Siberia anabwera magulu ena Yenisei Chikigizi, amene wosanganiza ndi anthu akuderalo, anapanga amakono mitundu khalidwe la dziko nampatsa dzina la anthu onse. Makamaka kwambiri kusamuka zimenezi zinachitika kuyambira m'zaka XIV.

Chikigizi anali kumenyera ufulu kuchokera ku limati wamphamvu Chiuzibeki, makamaka ndi Kokand Khanate. Olamulira anagonjetsa kudera ndithu Kyrgyzstan ndipo mu 1825 anakhazikitsa linga lake - Pishpek (lero Bishkek). Mu njira ya nkhondo imeneyi, cha m'ma XIX, mafuko ena analandira thandizo Russian ndi kutiteteza, kenako nzika. Choncho anakhala mbali yaikulu ya Chikigizi Russian Kukula Central Asia pakati pa anthu wamba.

Mu 50-60-ntchentche za m'ma XIX, kumpoto tsogolo la Kirghiz SSR anagonjetsedwa ndi Russian Ufumu wa Kokand Khanate. Woyamba Russian zokhalamo linga ndiye anakhala Przhevalsk (ano Karakol). Mayiko a kumpoto Kyrgyzstan ndi kum'mawa Kazakhstan m'dera Russian Ufumu Semirechenskaya ndi likulu mu mzinda wa Verny (ano Almaty) inakhalapo mu 1867. m'dera lidagawikana m'zigawo zisanu awiri amene - Pishpek (Ch mzinda Pishpek.) Ndipo Przewalski (mzinda Chapter Karakol.) - anali Chikigizi. Poyamba, Mitsinje Zisanu anali subordinated steppe General boma, koma chaka cha 1898 kunditumiza ku chigawo Turkestan (Turkestan).

Mu 1876, dziko la Russia kwathunthu anagonjetsa Kokand Khanate ndi m'gulu umembala wake onse m'gawo lake, kuphatikizapo kum'mwera Kyrgyzstan. Pa mayiko amenewa Ferghana dera ndi likulu mu Kokand unakhazikitsidwa. Iye ndi Semirechenskaya m'dera anali gawo la Turkestan. Anagawa Fergana dera zigawo 5, mmodzi amene - Osh (likulu - mzinda wa Osh), anali pa dziko Chikigizi.

Mapangidwe ndi Kirghiz SSR

Kwenikweni, magwero a ndondomeko nthawi mapangidwe a Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic angathe kuonedwa monga zochitika kunachitika cha 1917. Popeza zisinthe, kuti nthawi pamene Kirghiz SSR linapangidwa, ilo anatenga zaka pafupifupi 20.

Mu April 1918, m'dera la Turkestan, kuphatikizapo mayiko amakono onse a ku Central Asia ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Kazakhstan, ndi Bolsheviks analenga lalikulu yoyenda yokha gulu - pa Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, kapena Turkestan Soviet Republic, kumene kunali mbali ya RSFSR lapansi. dziko Chikigizi, monga mbali ya Semirechensk ndi dera Fergana, ali m'gulu maphunziro.

Mu 1924, pulani wofuna yagwiridwira delimitation dziko la Central Asia, imene Authority walandira anthu akuluakulu onse okhala Turkestan, kuphatikizapo Chikigizi. Semirechensk a mbali ndi dera Fergana, komanso malo aang'ono a dera Syrdarya (kumpoto pano Kyrgyzstan), kumene zambiri za anthu anali Chikigizi, analengedwa ndi Kara-Chikigizi kampani olowa katundu ndi malo ake oyang'anira mu mzinda wa Pishpek. dzina Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti pamene Chikigizi ASSR ankatchedwa ano Kazakhstan, monga Chikazaki mwambo wa nthawi lachifumu molakwika otchedwa kaysakov-Kirghiz. Komabe, mu May 1925 m'dera la Kyrgyzstan linadzatchedwa Chikigizi JSC kuyambira Kazakhstan anapindula dzina la Chikazaki ASSR, ndi chisokonezo akhala anakumana. Kudziyimira pawokha mwachindunji mbali ya RSFSR, ndipo sanali limodzi Soviet Republic.

Mu February 1926, panali kusintha wina utsogoleri - Chikigizi JSC anakhala Kirgiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic mu RSFSR, amene amasamalila kupereka chumacho kuti kudziyimira pawokha. Mu chaka chomwecho, likulu la Kirghiz SSR Pishpek anasintha dzina mzinda wa Frunze, pambuyo wotchuka wofiira mkulu pa Civil nkhondo.

Patatha zaka 10, mu 1936, a Chikigizi ASSR anali amachotsedwa RSFSR, komanso monga mayiko ena a ku Central Asia, ndipo anakhala nkhani zonse kunachitika la Soviet Union. Pakhala digiri ya Kirghiz SSR.

Republican ophiphiritsa

Pamene aliyense Republic Soviet, mu Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic izo zinkayenera zizindikiro zake, imene inali mbendera, chizindikiro ndi nyimbo.

Flag wa Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic poyamba anali mbendera wofiira kwathunthu kumene chikasu chipika makalata linalembedwa dzina la Republic mu Chikigizi ndi Russian. Mu 1952, maonekedwe a mbendera linasinthidwa zayamba. Tsopano pakati pa nsalu wofiira unachitikira lonse buluu gulu, amene nawonso, pawiri ofanana nawo woyera. Mu chapamwamba kumanzere ngodya ya nyundo ndi chikwakwa ndi nyenyezi zisanu zisonga amasonyeza. Zolemba zonse zachotsedwa. Choncho mbendera ya Kirghiz SSR mpaka kugwa kwa dziko Soviet.

Hymn la Republic anali nyimbo mawu Sydykbekova, Tokombaeva, Malikova, Tokobaev ndi Abayldaeva. Music olembedwa Maodybaev, Vlasov ndi Fere.

Chizindikiro cha Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic anavomerezedwa mu 1937 ndipo anali fano gulu mu bwalo ndi zokongoletsera ndi. Chovala manja zikusonyeza mapiri, dzuwa, makutu a tirigu ndi thonje nthambi, zopotoka wofiira riboni. Odula manja surmounted ndi nyenyezi zisanu zisonga. Kudzera anaponyedwa pa tepi lolembedwa ndi "Antchito a m'mayiko onse kugwirizanitsa!" Mu Chikigizi ndi zinenero Russian. Pansi pa chovala manja lolembedwa ndi dzina la Republic mu chiyankhulo cha Amalawi.

utsogoleri magawano

Pamaso 1938, Kyrgyzstan unagawidwa m'maboma 47. Chachikulu mayunitsi utsogoleri nthawi kuti sanali mu kapangidwe kake. Mu 1938, mbali ya Kirghiz SSR ogwirizana zigawo zinayi: Issyk-Kul, Tian Shan, Jalal-Abad ndi Osh. Koma m'madera ena sanali pansi pa chigawo ndipo Republican.

Mu 1939, zigawo zonse alandira udindo wa malo ndi malo amene akhala mu chigawo subordination, ogwirizana mu dera Frunze likulu lake mu mzinda wa Frunze. Kirghiz SSR anali tsopano zigwirizana zinthu zisanu.

Mu 1944 iye anali allocated Talas dera, koma mu 1956 kuti anali kusungunuka. ena a ku Chikigizi SSR, kupatula Osh, anali anathetsa kuchokera 1959 mpaka 1962. Choncho, mabwalo inkakhala ndi dera limodzi ndi malo amene sanali m'gulu izo, anali mwachindunji Kumvetsela ku Republic.

Mu zaka wotsatira, m'dera wabwezeretsedwa, kumene anathetsa. Pa nthawi ya kugwa kwa Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan linali ndi zisanu zigawo: Chui (poyamba Frunze), Osh, Naryn (poyamba Tien Shan), Talas, Issyk-Kul ndi Jalal-Abad.

kasamalidwe

Kasamalidwe chenichenicho cha Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic mpaka October 1990 anali mu manja a Party Communist la Kyrgyzstan, zimene pamapeto, kumvera Party Communist. Thupi wapamwamba wa gulu anali Komiti Central. Tikhoza kunena kuti Mlembi Choyamba Committee ku Central anali de A facto mtsogoleri wa Kyrgyzstan, ngakhale yokhala izo sizinali choncho.

Chachikulu malamulo bungwe la Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic pa nthawi anali thupi aphungu - Bungwe la Supreme, imene inali m'chipinda limodzi. Iye anali kupita kwa masiku angapo chaka, monga thupi ataima wa Presidium anali.

Mu 1990, ofesi ya Pulezidenti kumene kunachitika KirSSR, amene chisankho zinachitika voti mwachindunji. Pulezidenti kwa mphindi anakhala nduna ndipo de A facto mutu wa Kyrgyzstan.

likulu

Frunze City - likulu la Kirghiz SSR. Kotero izo zinali mu kukhalapo kwa Republic Soviet.

Frunze, monga tanenera kale, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1825 pamene gulu la asilikali a Khanate wa Kokand, ndipo dzina lake anali pachiyambi Pishpek. Polimbana ndi Khanate ya m'linga anawonongedwa ndi asilikali a Russia, koma patapita kanthawi anaonekera kuthetsa latsopano. Popeza 1878, mzinda ndi likulu Pishpek County.

Popeza 1924, pamene panali delimitation mitundu mitundu Central Asia, Pishpek alternately unali waukulu Kara-Chikigizi Autonomous JSC Chikigizi ndi Chikigizi ASSR.

Mu 1926, mzinda analandira dzina latsopano - Frunze. Kirghiz SSR lonse ulipodi kuchokera 1936 mpaka 1991 anali likulu anali pansi pa dzina ili. Pishpek anadzatchedwa polemekeza mtsogoleri wotchuka Mikhail Frunze Red Army, zomwe, ngakhale kuti dziko Chimoludaviyani koma anabadwa mu mzinda uno Central Asia.

Monga ndanenera pamwamba, kuyambira 1936 Frunze - likulu la Kirghiz SSR. M'nthawi ya mafakitale ku Soviet Union kumeneko zimamangidwa mafakitale lalikulu ndi mabizinesi. mzinda zonse zilibwino. Okongola koposa anakhala Frunze. Kirghiz SSR akhoza kunyadira likulu amenewa. Ndi anthu oyambirira 90 Frunze akuyandikira 620 zikwi. Man.

Mu February 1991, Supreme Soviet la Kirghiz SSR anaganiza Sinthani dzina mzinda wa Bishkek, lomwe chofanana mawonekedwe dziko la dzina lake mbiri.

mzinda Kyrgyzstan

Mizinda lalikulu la Chikigizi SSR, pambuyo Frunze - Osh, Jalal-Abad, Karakol (ano Karakol). Koma zonse mgwirizano mfundo chiwerengero cha anthu a midzi izi sizinali choncho chachikulu. chiwerengero cha anthu okhala yaikulu mizindayi - Osh, siinafike mpaka 220 zikwi, pamene ena awiri anali ngakhale zosakwana 100 zikwi.

Nthawi zambiri, Kirghiz SSR wakhala limodzi mwa mayiko osachepera urbanized wa USSR Choncho anthu akumidzi anapambana pano chiwerengero cha anthu a m'tauni. Zimenezi amalimbikira lero.

Chuma cha Kirghiz SSR

Choncho, chiwerengero cha kugawa anthu, chuma cha Chikigizi SSR ankavala khalidwe agro-mafakitale.

Maziko a ulimi anali nyama husbandry. Makamaka, ambiri anayamba munali nkhosa. Pa mlingo inali chitukuko cha kuswana kavalo ndi ng'ombe kuswana.

ulimi komanso ali ndi udindo waukulu chuma cha dziko. amalima fodya, tirigu, chakudya, mbewu zofunika mafuta, mbatata ndi thonje makamaka wotchuka Kirghiz SSR. Photo thonje zokolola imodzi mwa minda ya Republic lili pansipa.

mayendedwe Industrial anali kuperekedwa makamaka migodi (malasha, mafuta, mafuta), luso lopanga, kuwala ndi mafakitale nsalu.

mayunitsi asilikali

Mu Soviet Union, mayunitsi asilikali mu Kirghiz SSR inali mwachilungamo wandiweyani mauna. Ichi chinali chifukwa kumadera kumene kulibe anthu, komanso zofunika geopolitical malo a dziko. Pa dzanja limodzi, Kyrgyzstan anali pafupi Afghanistan ndi maiko ena a ku Middle East, kumene Soviet Union anali zofuna zake zokha. Komano, dziko ndi m'mphepete mwa China, ndi amene Soviet Union m'masiku amenewo anali asapita okongola pano, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale wadutsa mu atasemphana zida, ngakhale sanatiuze kutsegula nkhondo. Choncho, kumalire ndi China nthawi zonse wovuta kuchuluka pamaso pa asilikali Soviet.

N'zochititsa chidwi, koma odziwika bwino Chiyukireniya ankhonya Vitali Klitschko ndi wandale anabadwa mu dera la Chikigizi SSR m'mudzi Belovodskoe pamene bambo ake, omwe anali katswiri msilikali, unachitikira kumeneko utumiki.

Ngati inu wofufuza nkhani ngakhale patali, ife tikhoza kuwona kuti pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo mu 1941 pa gawo la magulu a Chikigizi SSR atatu apakavalo inakhazikitsidwa.

Kupha Chikigizi SSR

Cha m'ma 80 ntchentche mu USSR ndi nthawi kusintha, amene anatenga dzina la perestroika. Anthu a Soviet Union anakumana easing kwambiri mawu ndale, amene nawonso, anabweretsa osati democratization la anthu, komanso linayamba zizolowezi centrifugal. Musati mukhale pambali Kyrgyzstan.

Pulezidenti - Mu October 1990, watsopano boma positi unayamba mu dziko. Ndipo mutu wa Chikigizi Soviet Socialist Republic osankhidwa ndi voti mwachindunji. Chisankho chigonjetso anapambana osati Mlembi Choyamba wa Party Communist la Kyrgyzstan Absamat Masaliev, ndi nthumwi za kayendedwe Kusintha, Askar Akayev. Izi limasonyeza kuti anthu udzafunidwa kusintha. Osati ntchito osachepera mu izi nyimbo mwa otchedwa "Osh kuphedwa" - magazi nkhondo imene inachitika m'chilimwe cha 1990 mu mzinda wa Osh pakati Chikigizi ndi Uzbeks. Ichi ndi chifukwa china chachikulu kuchichepetsa malo a osankhika Communist.

December 15, 1990 anatenga Declaration pa boma ulamuliro wa Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic, amene analengeza azimvera malamulo a dziko pa onse ogwirizana-.

February 5, 1991, Bungwe la Kyrgyzstan Supreme anatengera chikalata Sinthani dzina la Chikigizi SSR mu Republic of Kyrgyzstan. Pambuyo zochitika za August zokhumba Askar Akayev anadzudzula poyera ankafuna kulanda boma mamembala a Komiti ya Emergency, ndi pa 31 August Kyrgyzstan analengeza achire ake ku USSR.

Choncho anathetsa nkhani ya Kirghiz SSR, nayamba mbiri ya dziko latsopano - Republic of Kyrgyzstan.