Kodi anali kumasulidwa kwa Prague (Prague ntchito)? Prazhskaya opaleshoni: zotsatira

Chifukwa wa Prague kugwira ntchito, Red Army anamasula likulu la Czechoslovakia, chotero anamaliza Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World mu Europe. Tauni linayeretsedwa wa Wehrmacht amakakamiza tsiku lotsatira pambuyo kusaina mchitidwe kugonjera kwa Germany.

pa Hava

M'chaka cha 1945 Berlin ndi Prague opareshoni anali makodi yomaliza ya kugonjetsedwa ulamuliro wa Nazi ku Europe. Pamene likulu la Germany wapereka, likulu la Republic Czech silinakwaniritsidwe anakhudzidwa ndi nkhondoyo. Asilikali Soviet akhadikhira kuti ndi kupititsa patsogolo pa Prague. Pa gawo chomaliza cha nkhondoyo lonse la Europe wakhala ngati mkate umene iperekedwe dziko kupambana. Kwa nthawi yaitali panali zokambirana za matenda zotheka pa Prague, asilikali American. Koma n'kukakhala Czechoslovakia mu dera la mphamvu ya USSR.

Madzulo a May 8, pamene German High Lamulo kale anasaina chida cha kudzipereka ku Prague analowa musankhepo Soviet. Nazi kusunga mudzi pansi pa ulamuliro, izo akufuna kuti adzipereke dyera. Iwo anapatsidwa tsiku kuti aganizire bwino. ntchito amanyansidwa kumayamba chochitika kulephera. The Prague gulu la Wehrmacht chinali chapadera. Pano pa mzere womalizira anasiya gulu la asilikali "Center", limene liri lonse yachiwiri theka la nkhondo ataphwa Soviet Union. Okwana pamzinda za 900,000 amatenga asilikali Nazi ndi anzawo anathawira ku Prague kuchokera konsekonse Europe ukapolo.

ntchito gulu

Pamene chisanadze ntchito pokonzekera Soviet lamulo mwapadera linaperekedwa kwa chilengedwe gulu zida zankhondo. Ndi chiyambi cha pakutchulidwa zotsiriza asonkhanitsidwa mifuti 6000 ndi mortars. Pa gawo chomaliza cha nkhondoyo ndi Red Army silinali vuto mapulogalamu. Ndinali nazonso, ndi opaleshoni. Prague kuukira limodzi ndi umuna wa 2 Air Army, analamula General Stepan Krasovsky. pafupifupi 2000 ndege zinatumizidwa pa mzere waukulu, kuthandiza - ngakhale 400.

zochita zonse zokhudza tanthauzo la kukula ntchito Asilikali, akutsogolera wa 2 ndi 4. Chiyukireniya amadzibisa. Icho chinali "pansi" kanthu, chomwe pambuyo polingalira "m'malo" mitengo adanenetsa. Kodi, kuchokera amazionera a bungwe, wakhala kobvuta opaleshoni? Prague, kumaliza "mutu" wa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo "Append" mu liwiro zosaneneka. Mwachitsanzo, asilikali a 1 ndi 2 Chiyukireniya amadzibisa anayenera tipezenso mphamvu m'masiku atatu okha. Zinali za mtunda wa makilomita 100-200 ndi mulu waukulu wa anthu.

kufunafuna Start

May 6 Exploration wa Red Army inanena kuti mdani chinayamba gulu mthunzi wa m'madera Czech unachitikira pa mtunda wa pafupi 100 makilomita ku Prague. mphamvu Union anayamba adaniwo. Rearguards Wehrmacht yosokera ndi kuwabalalitsa mayunitsi pasadakhale 1 Chiyukireniya Front. Prague ntchito, zotsatira zimene zinali ku mapeto enieni a nkhondo, anali kuthamangitsa kuthawa Germany. Ife angayesere kukana angapo. Iwo anali anthu omwe ankamukhulupirira mfundo mokhulupirika Nazi ndipo anaganiza kuti mu nkhani ya kugonjetsedwa mu dziko nkhondo ali ndi kanthu kutaya makamaka.

Njira yaikulu kuwononga mdani chimasandulika mphamvu converging nkhonya pa flanks la mdani. Choncho Germany, osati ena komanso tadulidwa, kukhala zochepa oopsa. Kugwiritsa anasonyeza kuti mogwirizana wa Red Army. Pa chiyambi cha ntchito imeneyi inali yosaka 2 ndi 4. Chiyukireniya amadzibisa, ndiyeno 1 ndi 2. akasinja kuukira anali othamanga, ngakhale kuti iwo anali kuchita mu mitengo lamapiri mtunda. Anasamukira ku makilomita 60-100 patsiku.

Tsiku lomwelo (May 6) 4. alonda thanki Army anali kale pafupi otsetsereka a miyala m'mapiri. Zinali zopweteka kwa ina zosayembekezereka Dresden, amene amaloledwa yozungulira 40,000th grouping wa Wehrmacht mu Breslau. May 7 anayamba magulu amanyansidwa wa 2 Chiyukireniya Front. 7 alonda Shumilova asilikali yomweyo anaswa chitetezo cha German ndi patsogolo mtunda wa makilomita 12. Pa nthawi yomweyo, asilikali a 4. Chiyukireniya Front, anamenyera Olomouc - yofunika zoyendera likulu kuti chikugwirizana lonse Czech Republic.

Kuthawa Prague

Kupita patsogolo mofulumira ya Red Army pa m'magulu onse a kutsogolo nkhongono kale anataya chikhulupiriro mwa kupambana kwa achifasizimu a. Mtsogoleri wa asilikali a ku Germany mu likulu la Czechoslovakia anali Ferdinand chiwembuyo. Iye analamula kuti achoke ya kumadzulo. The Germany adalipo adzipereke kwa America osati la Soviet Union. Gulu mthunzi ku Prague anayamba pa May 9. Komabe, posachedwapa sadzatchulanso lizilamuliridwa ndi munthu wina ndipo inasanduka nyamazo ndi.

Nthawiyi, kamenyedwe gulu la 2 Chiyukireniya Front anathyola mizere wina mdani. Iye patsogolo makilomita 60, kukhazikitsa ulamuliro pa Znojmo. Phiko kumanzere wa asilikali pa gombe la Danube ndi n'kuyamba m'mbali mwa nyanja ake kumpoto, kuponya rearguard German. M'masiku atatu a Soviet Air Force anaulukira zoposa 7000 sorties chothandiza kuukira Chiyukireniya amadzibisa.

Kumasulidwa kwa mzinda

May 9, gawo la 1 Chiyukireniya Front analowa Prague. Tsopano Red Army nthumwi za mabungwe a chitetezo sanali kupereka Germany kuti athyole. Pochita zimenezi, iwo anathandizidwa ndi partisans Czech, amene ankadziwa mzinda ndi madera ozungulira mlendo bwino.

East wa Prague, atazungulira oposa 50 magulu anaonekera. Amenewa anali magulu chachikulu cha mdani. asilikali German analibe dongosolo labwino, atsogoleri awo anataya ulamuliro pa atumiki ake. Thamangani anagwidwa ndi America anakwanitsa chabe magulu ena, ndiwe wa gulu la asilikali "Austria".

atakhala ROA

Prague ntchito amanyansidwa ikuchitika osati motsutsa Wehrmacht, komanso ndi ROA - Russian Kutulutsidwa Army. Mu mapangidwe uyu anali Soviet othandiza, pa chiyambi cha nkhondo omwe anapita kwa mgwirizano ndi Germany. M'chaka cha 1945 ROA anaganiza zoti asachoke kumadzulo, kuti kugwa m'manja a boma la Soviet.

Mwina 12 anamangidwa mkulu wa gulu lankhondo la General Vlasov. Iye ndi akuluakulu ena ambiri ROA anawatengera ku Soviet Union. Kumeneko, anayesedwa ndi kuphedwa. ROA asilikali wamba amene anagwidwa pa ntchito ku Prague, makamaka anatsirizira m'misasa ndi ukapolo.

kukana Last

The zotsala za kuthawa SS asilikali anaphedwa pa usiku wa May 12. Nkhondo anataika ndipo mutu wa boma "squads imfa" Carl Friedrich Von Pückler-Burghaus. Gulu lomaliza unalembedwa magulu "Das Ulamuliro wa Nazi" ndi "Wallenstein".

Iwo anafika kumalire ndi dziko la America kumbuyo pa May 9 koma iwo adakana Kudzipereka othawa kwawo. Ndiye inamupanikiza a ku Germany analenga yaing'ono msasa mipanda yolimba kwambiri. Madzulo 11 Mulole iwo kumenyana ndi gulu la apolisi ku Commissariat of silikhali National wa USSR. Posakhalitsa Red Army. Ndi m'mawa wa May 12, otsiriza Nazi wagawo anawonongedwa. Choncho anathetsa Prague ntchito. Chaka ndi chaka, mumzindawo mu masiku a chidzatha liti kupereka msonkho kwa liberators Union. maina awo anaperekedwa kwa misewu ndi m'mapaki. Polimbana Konev, amene anatsogolera ntchito mseru anapangidwa ndi nzika aulemu mzinda wa Balti.

Loss ndi zotsatira

ndi opaleshoni anali kwa Red Army asilikali miliyoni anagwirizana maiko (Poland, Romania ndi Czechoslovakia), mapeto a nkhondo. The Prague German chitetezo anali wosimidwa zoyesayesa mayunitsi ochepa kuti athyole. Komabe, kusiyana izi zinachititsa zomvetsa lalikulu - onse kunkhondo anapha 12 zikwi Red Army.

Mu masiku ochepa a mbali opareshoni ya Soviet anatha kuwononga kapena kugwila za 860 zikwi asilikali a Wehrmacht ndi SS. Mu ukapolo anali 60 asilikali a Army Gulu "Center" ndi ena. Iwo anagwidwa ndi 9500 mfuti mpikisano ndi mortars, zikwi ndege, 1800 akasinja ndi mfuti kumenya munthu, ndi zida zina zosiyanasiyana ndi zida za nkhondo.

May 11 Prague ntchito anabwera ku mfundo zomveka. Soviet asilikali anafika mzere wa kukhudzana ndi ku America. Izo zinali kuchitikira kumalire ndi mizinda ya Chemnitz ndipo Plzeň. Popeza Czechoslovakia kwa zaka zambiri anali mu dera Soviet pamudzipo. ulamuliro Communist unakhazikitsidwa mu dziko. boma analowa ya bungwe la ku Warsaw ke.

Machitidwe a 1945 ndi 1968.

Chifukwa zochitika zina zokomera Czechoslovakia nthawi zambiri anayerekezera ntchito ku Prague (1945) ndi ntchito ya Prague Spring mu 1968. Wotsirizayo anayamba pamene boma la Soviet woyikidwa ku likulu la dziko ndi asilikali Asilavo dziko akunena, zochita zake, "pa normalization wa mavuto azandale." Mu 1968 ku Czechoslovakia, njira yonse anali owolowa manja kusintha, omwe sanali utsogoleri wa USSR, monga chotsatira Ndi njira kuchokera Czechoslovak chikoka chikominisi.

Prague Spring, "Opaleshoni Danube" ndi zochitika wotsatira akhala mbali yofunika ya Chidani nkhondo. Lero, maganizo Czech zimene zinachitika mu 1945 ndi 1968. zosiyana. Mbali yoyamba, asilikali Soviet anabwera Prague monga liberators kwa Anazi, ndipo wachiwiri, yemweyo mayendedwe asilikali thanki wosweka ufulu demokalase kwa anthu Czechoslovakia.