Gumboldt Vilgelm: yonena ndi ntchito

Wilhelm Von Humboldt ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe ndi mabuku. ntchito zake kupitiriza kulimbikitsa masikolala ndi anzeru. Munthu aliyense ophunzira anachita kwa bwinobwino ntchito imene analemba pa nthawi Gumboldt Vilgelm. maganizo ake ndi mfundo akugwirabe ntchito kwa chi XX ndi XXI zaka. Pakuti kumvetsa maganizo ake ndi zofunika wofufuza yonena wake, tikupeza ndilo malo Vilgelm Gumboldt komwe anakagwira ntchito amene ubwenzi ndi mphamvu yapadera pa iye.

magwero

Wilhelm Von Humboldt, komanso m'bale wake mofanana ndi luso wamng'ono, Alexander, anali mbadwa ya banja lachifumu, ndipo wolemera, amene ali ndi kuthekera kwambiri ndi ndalama. Iwo anali, kuphatikizapo wotchuka kumpanda wa Tegel mu Berlin.

Gumboldt Vilgelm anabadwa pa June 22, 1767 mu Potsdam. atate wake, Alexander Georg, anachokera ku bourgeoisie Prussian. agogo ake anali zikomo fuko lomveka kwa nyota zankhondo. Amayi, Baroness Elizabeth Von Golvede ali mizu French. Kupondereza Huguenots ku France amakakamizidwa banja lake kuchoka kumudzi kwawo ndi kusamukira Germany, mu Berlin. Pamene Alexander Georg anafika ku Berlin akapuma, anakumana ndi mkazi wake. Iwo anali ndi ana awiri - Alexander ndi Wilhelm.

mapangidwe

Humboldt banja anachita zinthu za maphunziro a ana awo. Pa zaka 20 Vilgelm Gumboldt akulowa yunivesite ku Frankfurt ndi der Oder, ndipo anayamba kumvetsera nkhani za pa philology ndi mbiri pa University of Göttingen kuyambira 1788. Kuyambira zaka 27 mpaka 30, anakhala Jena, kumene anzanga ambiri, amene amadziwika afilosofi ndiponso anzeru. Mwa iwo Dziwani maina a Schiller ndi Goethe. Pambuyo pake anapita ku Paris kuphunzira chikhalidwe French - chifukwa umayenda pang'ono ndi magazi French. Komabe ankapeza nthawi yambiri oyendayenda padziko Spain ndi Chibasiki dera.

akatswiri utakhala

Gumboldt Vilgelm anali munthu wodziwika kwambiri m'bwalolo andale a Prussia. Nthawi zina kuchokera 1801 mpaka 1819, iye anali posts zofunika boma, anali plenipotentiary nthumwi ku Vienna, ku Vatican, Paris, Prague. Pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wake pamene Minister of Religion and Education, ankatha kuchita kusintha zikuluzikulu za sekondale ndi apamwamba mu Prussia. lingaliro Humboldt chobweretsa sukulu yaikulu pansi chipembedzo ndi kupanga wodziimira bungwe maphunziro.

Mu 1809 anayambitsanso University of Berlin. Tsopano sukulu iyi chikutchedwa Humboldt. Izo zinali mu Berlin anakhala ndi ntchito Vilgelm Gumboldt, amene yonena ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi umodzi mwa mizinda otchuka mu Germany.

Humboldt sikunalekere pamenepo. nyota wake ndi zoonekeratu ndi pa wotchuka Congress wa Vienna, umene kumatanthauza latsopano wagawo European atagwa mphamvu Napoleon a. Mpaka 1819 Vilgelm Gumboldt anali nthumwi otchuka amene nawo kusankha zochita zofunika kwambiri kwa dziko. Iye anaimira dziko m'bwalolo mayiko lakwaniritsa kupambana kwakukulu mu munda.

zokonda

maphunziro kwambiri ndi ndalama za banja lake analola William kulowa bwalo la asayansi otchuka ndi nzeru ena a nthawi yake. Kuwonjezera chidwi akatswiri pa ndale, Von Humboldt anali nthawi zonse chidwi umunthu ndi maganizo ake. Mwachitsanzo, mu zaka 1790h analemba ntchito lakuti "Maganizo pa pofuna kudziwa malire a boma kanthu," amene akufotokozera mfundo za ufulu wonse wa munthu ndi boma. Humboldt amakhazikitsa mfundo yakuti ntchito yaikulu ya boma ndi kuonetsetsa kuti dziko Kupititsa umphumphu, koma kulowerera pa zochitika za anthu, izo samayeneretsedwa. malingaliro zili pepala ili, anali wotsogola, kuti mankhwala chinaperekedwa ku kufufuza, ndipo analetsedwa kusindikiza. Mu kuwala kwa zinafika okha cha m'ma XIX.

Izi si ntchito yokhayo imene maganizo ake ndi mawunikidwe Vilgelm Gumboldt. Zilankhulo ali mu nkhope yake imodzi okonzanso ndi oyambitsa mfundo ano.

Chifukwa m'lifupi mwa masomphenya ndi mkulu mlingo wa maphunziro Vilgelm Gumboldt ali m'gulu salons onse zolembalemba. Nthawi zambiri anaitanidwa kumva maganizo ake pa izi kapena kuti nthawi, kupeza ndemanga za ntchito kuwerenga mabuku.
Mu 1791, mkazi wake anakhala ndi Caroline Von Dahereden - mmodzi wa ambiri wophunzira ndiponso wanzeru akazi a nthawi. Iye ankathandiza ndiponso kulimbikitsa onse zimene anachita Wilhelm Von Humboldt. Atakwatirana, Humboldt nyumba anakhala malo misonkhano maganizo abwino onse a ku Ulaya. Pano mukhoza kukumana ndi olemba ndi asayansi, ndi nzeru ena, komanso andale.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu za Wilhelm anayamba ulendo. Iye anayenda mozungulira Europe, nthawi zambiri kwa nthawi yaitali anakhala ku Switzerland ndi Rome. Iwo anali paulendo wake anali wodzala ndi chikondi ndi chidwi chachikulu zilankhulo ndi zikhalidwe zina.

Kuthi

Lingaliro zinenero Vilgelma Gumboldta ali chilolezo ake pazipita akapuma ake, ndipo akamaliza ntchito zandale ndi anthu. Iye anali ndi nthawi yambiri free, ndipo kunapezeka kuti maganizo ndi malingaliro awo mu umodzi olembedwa mawonekedwe.

Vuto loyamba linali ntchito "Pa kafukufuku poyerekeza a zinenero nthawi zosiyanasiyana za chitukuko." Iye anawerenga mu mpanda wa Berlin Academy of Sciences. Komanso lofalitsidwa pepala "Pa chiyambi cha mitundu kalembedwe mvetsetsa awo pa chitukuko cha malingaliro." Iwo anali anaika maziko a zilankhulo ongolankhula, amene amanenedwa ndi Vilgelm Gumboldt. Zilankhulo akadali zambiri amakoka ntchito yake, ndipo theorists kukambirana maganizo ake ndi postulates.

Palinso ntchito ikuyendera kuti sanagone nthawi kutsirizitsa ndi kufalitsa Gumboldt Vilgelm. "Pa Kawi pachilumba cha Java" ndi limodzi ntchito. Kuti kutsindika ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana ndi kupingasa luntha ndi maganizo a nzeru zapamwamba ili ndi woganiza.

ntchito yake yaikulu, "Pa kusiyana kapangidwe ka chinenero anthu ndi kukopa kwake pa kukula mwauzimu anthu," linasindikizidwa, mwatsoka, atamwalira. Iwo Humboldt Wilhelm anayesa zambiri kufotokoza akamanena za kafukufuku wawo.

Anatsindika mzimu umodzi wa anthu ndiponso chinenero chawo. Chifukwa chinenero amasonyeza zilandiridwenso aliyense chinenero, izo zimanyezimiritsa moyo wa anthu onse.

zikayenda

Wilhelm Von Humboldt anakhala osati kokha munthu wotchuka ndale chithunzi mu chikhalidwe, komanso anasiya chizindikiro kwambiri ngati wasayansi kwambiri. Poikira kumbuyo zinthu za dziko ake pa nthawi ya dera lawo kusokonekera kwa Europe, kupanga yatsopano padziko lonse. Ndipo ndithudi bwinobwino. ntchito yake wofunika kwambiri ndi mfumu. Iye anali nthumwi aluso.

Pakutha pa ntchito yake ndi mkubwela kwa nthawi ufulu chinkhoswe mu kuphunzira zilankhulo, gulu lawo, kulekana kwa kufanana ndi kusiyana. Mfundo anapereka m'mabuku ake amene afalitsidwa. mozama kafukufuku anali ndi yaikulu kwambiri moti lingaliro lake linali maziko a sayansi yatsopano - zilankhulo. Ena mwa malingaliro ake oyembekezeka kamodzi mu zaka zana ndipo anatsimikizira Patatha zaka. Pamaziko a wapeza panali sayansi osiyana phokoso mu zilankhulo - phonology.

Kuwaika kusintha maphunziro wathandiza kuwasuntha khama kuthetsa umbuli pakati pa anthu. Inali nthawi sukulu wake anayamba kutenga mbali bwino kwa ife. Izi zisanachitike, palibe dongosolo sukulu pafupifupi sanali sakupezeka.

cholowa chikhalidwe

ntchito Wilhelm Von Humboldt kuikidwa maziko a sayansi yatsopano - zilankhulo, zilankhulo. Iye anati mfundozo, amene anapereka chakudya cha ganizo kuti anthu ambiri anzeru ndi asayansi. Kufikira tsopano, akatswiri a zinenero mtsutso ndi kukambirana ambiri apeza ake ndi chinachake avomereza chinachake kukangana. Koma chinthu chimodzi ndi zina - sikutheka kuphunzira sayansi popanda kudziwa dzina la Vilgelma Gumboldta.

Kuwonjezera zokhudza sayansi zimene zatsala ana awo Wilhelm Von Humboldt pa chinenero, pangano china chochititsa chidwi anakhala yunivesite linakhazikitsidwa ndi iye, imene maphunziro zikwi achinyamata ndi luso.

Mtengo kwa chi

Lingaliro Wilhelm Von Humboldt chikukwaniritsidwa kusintha zilankhulo. Inde, malinga theorists kwambiri maganizo sayansi wapita patsogolo, ndipo ena mwa malingaliro ndi woyambitsa wa sayansi ali ndi lothandiza akhala ogwirizana. Komabe, aliyense wasayansi zingalimbikitse kwambiri kudziwa ndi kuzindikira njira ya kulingalira Von Humboldt polenga ntchito zake.

Iye anakhala nthawi yambiri, systematizing ndi mtundu zinenero zosiyanasiyana magulu zinenero mbali wamba kapena kusiyana. Humboldt ikunenedwa mosalekeza ndi masiyanidwe a chinenero onse - mmene chingasinthe pa nthawi yomwe imabwezeletsa kusintha, ena a iwo kosatha ndi amenenso zayamba kutha.

Achikumbutso ndi zipilala

Dziko anaika ambiri zipilala polemekeza Wilhelm Von Humboldt, koma mmodzi wa chapadera kwambiri chinali Chigwa pa mbali yapadziko lapansi ya mwezi, umene unatchedwa wasayansi wamkulu.

Mu Berlin, chipilala polemekeza Humboldt pa umodzi mwa misewu waukulu mumzinda - Unter khola Linden.