The anzeru a ku Girisi. The anamatetule isanu ndi iwiri ya Greece

Nzeru ndi chidziwitso ndimachita chikuzika pafupifupi boma likuyendetsera. Ndipo zikulu- si monga cholowa kudziwa ndi luso yoyenera kuti azichita. Izi ndi zimene zimatchedwa nzeru. Chopunthira cha chikhalidwe European imatengedwa kuti Hellas. Pa nkhani imeneyi, n'zosadabwitsa kuti wakale anamatetule Greek ankaona woyamba kukhetsa kuwala kwa kuphunzira mu mdima pamene mitundu zambiri za World Old. Iwo analemba kuti dongosolo anasonkhanitsa mpaka anthu zinachitikira ndi kuzindikira kwake ndi chitsanzo cha moyo wake.

Kuyambira kalekale anthu akhala akuyesa kuunikila oimira kwambiri kwa anthu. More m'nthawi zakale wotchedwa anamatetule isanu ndi iwiri ya Greece wakale, munthu amene za maganizo Agriki anali kuchuluka kwambiri chidziwitso. ndalamazo anali sanasankhe mwangozi. chiwerengero "zisanu ndi ziwiri" ali ndi tanthauzo opatulika ndi chipembedzo. Koma ngati chiwerengero cha geniuses sichinasinthe, mayina awo anasintha malingana ndi nthawi ndi malo, kukafola mndandanda. Ife anapulumuka ena a chithandizo, wosawoneka anthu anzeru a ku Girisi.

mndandanda wa Plato

Malinga ndi nthano, ndi anamatetule isanu ndi iwiri ya Greece wakale mayina mayina Athens pa archon Damas mu 582 BC. e. Woyamba ndi wotchuka mndandanda zilipo, anatsala mu BC IV atumwi. e. nzeru zapamwamba kwambiri Plato mu kukambirana wake "Protagoras". Amene anali m'gulu mndandanda, ndi wotchuka anamatetule isanu ndi iwiri ya Greece wakale?

Thales la Mileto (640 -. 546 BC)

Thales anali mmodzi wa nzeru ena woyamba wakale ndi amene anayambitsa otchedwa Ionian School. Iye anabadwira mu mzinda wa Mileto ili Asia Minor, kuti pa dera la Turkey ano, kumene ndiri dzina lake. Kuwonjezera nzeru za anthu, lakwaniritsa kudziwa wapadera zakuthambo ndi masamu, pophunzira cholowa cha Aigupto ndi ophunzira Mesopotamiya. Iwo akutchedwa gulu la kalendala chaka cha masiku 365. Mwatsoka, onse maganizo ndi mawu a Thales la Mileto anabwera kwa ife kudzera mu zolemba akatswiri ina.

Solon wa Athens (640 - 559 BC.)

Solon - wotchuka a ku Atene nzeru zapamwamba, wolemba ndakatulo wopanga malamulo. Malinga ndi nthano ina, iye anachokera ku m'badwo wachifumu Kodridov, koma ngakhale izi, makolo ake anali anthu ndi ndalama otsika. Ndiye Solon anatha kupanga ndalama zochuluka, kenako anakhala otchuka ndale chithunzi mu Athens. Amaona mlengi wa malamulo demokalase omwe ali pafupifupi zikutsatiridwa mtawuni muno inatenga zaka zingapo. Pofika kumapeto kwa moyo wake mwaufulu anasiya mphamvu. Solon komanso wapamwambatu waife m'nthawi yake ndakatulo ndi woganiza. Pa funso wa Lydia mfumu Croesus, Solon ngati winawake kuposa iye amadziwa, nzeru zapamwamba ku Atene anayankha kuti akhoza adzaweruzidwa atamwalira.

Kukondera wa Priene (590 -. Zaka 530 BC)

Kukondera mwina zambiri enigmatic chithunzi kuposa ena onse anzeru a ku Girisi. Za moyo wake pang'ono amadziwika. Iye anali woweruza mu mzinda wa Priene, amene anatchuka kwambiri chifukwa zochita ake anzeru, ndipo ina anapulumutsa mzinda wa Lydia mfumu Alliata. Koma pamene kwawo anagonjetsa mfumu ya Perisiya Koresi, kukondera anali kuchoka m'mudzimo, palibe asanatenge.

Pittacus Mitilensky (651 - 569 BC.)

Pittacus anali wotchuka tchire mtsogoleri ndi wolamulira Asia Minor mzinda wa Mytilene. Tiranobortsa udachita kutchuka ndi kumasuka kwawo kwa nkhanza Melanhra. Komanso amadziwika monga wopanga malamulo apadera. dictum wake kuti, zivute zitani, musati amati, ngakhale milungu kwambiri kwambiri wofunika ngati aphorisms ena anzeru a ku Girisi. Kudzipereka anasiya mphamvu.

Onse anzeru pamwamba ndi nzeru ena m'gulu mndandanda wa anamatetule isanu ndi iwiri ya Greece wakale mwamtheradi mu Mabaibulo onse. Anthu amene alankhula pansipa, zinalembedwa mu Baibulo Plato wa mndandanda wa amuna akulu Greece ndi ena ankalemba ena. Komabe, iwo sadapezamo mndandanda onse anapangidwa anamatetule asanu ndi awiri a ku Girisi.

Cleobulus ku Linda (540 - 460 BC)

Cleobulus malinga n'kunena kwa Baibulo lina anabwera kuchokera Linda kuti Rhodes, ndipo lachiwiri - a Caria mu Asia Minor. bambo ake anali Evagor, amene ankaona mbadwa ya Heracles. Ankalandira kutchuka monga wolamulira wanzeru ndi ndandanda, anamanga kachisi mu Linde namanga chitoliro madzi. Komanso, Cleobulus otchuka monga songwriter ndi masamu luso. Mwana wake wamkazi Cleobulina ku nthawi ina anali m'gulu la, anthu ambiri otsalira.

Missoni ku Hen (VI BC.)

Missoni, ngakhale kuti bambo wake anali wolamulira Henah kapena Itii anasankhidwa yekha chete ndipo ankaganiza moyo wa nzeru zapamwamba za, kutali madding khamu. Wotchuka monga woyambitsa mawu akulu, ena amene anali woyenera kulowa nambala 7 mawu a anthu anzeru a ku Girisi. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti anali m'gulu mndandanda wa Plato anthu anzeru pa malo ndale.

Chilo wa Sparta (VI BC.)

Chilo - wotchuka wovutika ndakatulo ndi wopanga malamulo. Iye anali Ephorus. Mu ofesi chinathandiza oyamba a malamulo ambiri mwapang'onopang'ono kuti patapita zimachitika Lycurgus. Iwo Chilo, malinga ndi zosiyana, linadzaza ndi tanthauzo lakuya, koma chinasiyana ndi kufupika, mbali khalidwe la ambiri Sparta. Iwo zimachitika kwa iye kuti za anthu akufa simuyankhula zoipa.

List of Diogenes Laertius

Kuwonjezera mndandanda Plato wa mndandanda bwino, zomwe zikuphatikizapo anamatetule isanu ndi iwiri ya Greece wakale, wotchuka mbiri ya nzeru Diogenes Laertius, amene anakhalako mwina cha m'ma II-oyambirira III. BC Kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa mndandanda kuchokera mbuku kuti, m'malo Missoni amaphatikizapo Korinto wankhanza Periander. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira Uwu ndiwo mndandanda pachiyambi, ngakhale kuti Diogenes ndi moyo zaka zambiri pambuyo Plato. chododometsa Izi anafotokoza chifukwa chakuti yotsirizira chifukwa cha kukanidwa kwake kwa nkhanza, akhoza amachotsedwa mndandanda wa Periander, ndipo zikuphatikiza zosaonekera Missoni. Diogenes komanso mu ntchito yake ntchito magwero akale.

Maina a onse amuna anzeru ndi zofanana mu mndandanda onse.

Periander Korinto (667 - 585 BC.)

Periander, mkulu wa Korinto, mwina - kwambiri maganizo chithunzi mu anzeru onse asanu ndi awiri a ku Girisi. Pa dzanja limodzi, n'zodabwitsa m'maganizo, anayambitsa anali wamkulu ndi womanga wake, akweza anakokera kudutsa Korinto kulekanitsa Peloponnesian chilumba ku Chile, kenako anayamba kumanga njira therethrough. Komanso, Periander ankalimbikitsa luso losiyanasiyana, komanso analimbikitsidwa ankhondo, amene analola Korinto adzauka monga kale. Koma pa dzanja ena, olemba mbiri akufotokoza iye monga ankaikira wankhanza, makamaka theka lachiwiri la bolodi.

Malinga ndi nthano, Periander anafa zimene sakanakhoza kupirira imfa ya mwana wake, amene anatsutsa izo.

mindandanda ina

Mndandanda wa olemba ena kukhala zikutsatiridwa yekha Thales maina a Solon, kukondera ndi Pittacus. Umunthu wa anamatetule zina zingasiyane ndi kusiyana kwambiri kuchokera awiri Mabaibulo tingachipeze powerenga.

Acusilaus (VI m'ma BC.) - Agiriki mbiri Herodotus amene analiko. Ndi chiyambi Dorian. Mwambo limanena kuti iye choyamba ntchito mbiri olembedwa prose.

Anaxagoras (500 - 428 BCE ...) - katswiri wamasamu kudziwika kwa Asia Minor. Kuchitanso zakuthambo. Ndinayesa kulongosola za loukitsa Akufa.

Anaharsis (605 - 545 BC.) - Msukuti tchire. Ine unali yodziwa Solon ndi Lydia mfumu Croesus. Iye amataya armature Kutulukira, matanga ndi njinga woumba mbiya. Komanso, Anacharsis amadziwika mawu ake wapatali. Anaphedwa ndi Asikuti chifukwa anatengera makhalidwe chawo. Alikodi ake m'matumba funso asayansi ambiri.

Pythagoras (570 - 490 BC.) - wotchuka Greece dzina ndi masamu. Kwa iye amataya Lingaliro Lovomerezeka wotchuka za Kuyanjana pakathi pa kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino mu kansalu bwino. Komanso, iye ali woyambitsa wa sukulu ya nthanthi, kenako anatenga dzina la Pythagorean. Iye anafa ndi ukalamba mu imfa yake.

Komanso pakati pa anthu olembedwa anzeru a Greece wakale, ukhoza kuitana Forekida maina Aristodemus, Lina, Ephorus, Lhasa, Epimenides, Leofanta, Pamphilus, Epicharmus cha Ko Pisistratus ndi Orpheus.

Mfundo m'gulu mndandanda

Ndizachidziwikire kuti mndandanda wa anzeru amuna Ahelene m'gulu oimira osiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana, koma ambiri a iwo anali nzeru ena. Koma makamaka, nkhani kuti akhoza kuphatikiza ndi ntchito ina yofunika - kuphunzira masamu, sayansi sayansi achilengedwe, boma ankalamulira. Komabe, pafupifupi sayansi pa nthawi anali inextricably zogwirizana ndi nzeru.

zofunikirazi akhoza osiyana kwambiri ndi osiyanasiyana kuchokera awiri otchedwa Mabaibulo zachikhalidwe. M'mbali zambiri mayina enieni m'gulu iwo, zimadalira malo okhala ndi amayanjana andale a woyambitsa wa. Choncho, Plato, zikuoneka, ndi zifukwa izi amachotsedwa anamatetule wamkulu wa Korinto wankhanza Periander.

Osati nthawi zonse Agiriki azipereka mu mndandanda wa anthu anzeru kwambiri. Pali Nthawi zina akuluakulu a mitundu ina, monga chikhalidwe cha Agiriki Msukuti Anacharsis.

Kufunika mutu lero

Kumene, poyesa kuti asonyeze Ahelene mwa oimira olemekezeka ndi bungwe iwo ndi imodzi yoyamba ya mtundu umenewu ku dziko wakale. Mwa kuphunzira mndandanda, tikhoza kuuza zimene makhalidwe ankaona zofunika kwambiri mu dziko wakale ndi amagwirizana ndi nzeru. Nkofunika mutidziwe bwino maganizo a Agiriki, kuti athe yang'anani kupyolera mu maso a munthu wamakono pa zamoyo wa mfundo imeneyi kwa zaka zambiri.

Mu Russia, kuphunzira mfundo imeneyi mu njira sukulu allocated nkhani osiyana - ". The anzeru a Greece wakale" Kalasi 5 ndiyo nyengo yabwino kukonzekera maganizo a mafunso ofunika kwambiri.