Kodi Asia West kalelo? The dera chitukuko cha anthu

Orientalism - wotchedwa sayansi kuti amafufuza mbiri ya Ancient East. Pankhaniyi, mawu anatchula si dera. Ndi dera chikhalidwe okuta gawo Asia, ndi Africa North, kumene ngakhale tsopano, monga East, Muslim. Komabe, Western Asia kalelo sanali wotero, monga ife tikudziwira izo lero. Zinali ndithu osiyana chipembedzo, chikhalidwe, miyambo ndi njira ya moyo. Tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane zimene anali mapu a Western Asia kalelo, zimene kasitomu kumeneko anali kuthamanga ndi mmene anthu m'masiku amenewo.

malire Hrs

Kuyamba ndi tiona mayiko a m'dera la Ancient East. A chilumba Malaya Aziya, kumene lero Turkey, nyanja ya Mediterranean, Mesopotamia (Iraq wamakono), Sinai, Dolina Nila. Nthawi zina mapu a Western Asia kalelo mulinso m'dera la masiku ano Iran, amene anali mmodzi mwa malo dziko chitukuko. Komabe, kwa mfundo Hrs maganizo, awa zinthu za chigawo chapakati cha kulalikira, komanso chikhalidwe cha nthawi imeneyo, iwo ankasiyana kwambiri ndi mbali yotsala ya pamwamba. Kwa zaka zambiri, malire awa kukodzedwa malangizo a Africa West, ndi kumpoto ndi kumwera pa Middle East. Culture kufalitsa ndi anaphatikizana ndi anthu kumpoto.

Periodization ndi Kuwerengera

History of Western Asia kunayamba 3100 BC. e., pamene anapanga oyambirira dynastic nthawi mu Iguputo. Poyamba, dziko unagawidwa North ndi South, wotsika ndi Upper Egypt, ndi tawuni yake (mizinda kuwatcha sangakhale) ili mwapadera mu Nile Valley. Mu 3060, woyamba adadza kwa mphamvu (amene zalembedwa mu zolembedwa asanafike, ndithudi, panali olamulira ena) Farao - Mina, kapena Menes. Iye ogwirizana mitundu yonse ndi m'madera nayamba kulalikira kusintha kuti kumvera aliyense wokhala mwa chuma chake.

Chitukuko lachiwiri lalikulu la Middle East - ndi Sumerians ndi Akkadians, amene ankakhala ku Mesopotamiya. Kuwerengera awo amayamba pang'ono kenako - mu 2900 BC. e. Anthu kuno moyo wofanana mu Egypt - pa magombe a mtsinje wa Tigirisi ndi Firate. Mbali khalidwe la anthu a m'deralo anali mtundu wawo. Sumerians - anthu, omwe tsopano ankaganiza kuti zinatha. Iwo anali wa msinkhu waung'ono, wamfupi koma wojintcha kumanga. Akkadians Komanso ankaona kuti makolo a Aluya zamakono - wamtali, wochepa, ndi khungu lakuda. Izi mafuko m'dziko lawo kwa nthawi yaitali zinaoneka kukhala kudzipatula, koma cha m'ma 21 BC. e. iwo amagwirizana mu ufumu Chisumeriya-atazindikira mu ulamuliro wa mfumu yoyamba - Urukagina.

Egypt ndi njira yake ya chitukuko

Kuchokera pamene munthu woyamba, mabomba farao m'dziko kukhazikitsa chitetezo umodzi dongosolo boma kayendetsedwe ndi malire. Kuyambira komanso akuyamba achepetse kuti chinakhalapo mpaka chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za nyengo yatsopano. Mbali khalidwe la Egypt anali kumanga mapiramidi, amene anali mabokosi kwa Farao womwalirayo. Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti West Asia kalelo kunali dera yachikunja, ndi dziko si zosiyana. Aiguputo anapangidwa zochitika zachilengedwe, nyama ndi olamulira awo. Chofunikanso ndi chakuti Igupto anali dziko yekha mu dera limene lakhala ogwirizana, ndi midzi yonse subordinated ku boma.

Mesopotamia ndi zochititsa

West Asia kalelo zambiri Tikamayanjana ndi dera la Mesopotamia, komwe panopa ili ndi makombo a Babulo ndi Nineve. Mosiyana centralized Egypt, ndiye kulamulidwa ndi mzinda boma. Ena mwa iwo ndi ogwirizana mtundu wa dziko, koma nthawi oyambirira a mphamvu okwana kulibe. Kumbali ya kukula kwa anthu a kumadzulo kwa Asia, amene ankakhala ku Mesopotamiya, mwamphamvu litafika. Iwo ntchito dongosolo la ulimi wothirira kwa kuzipinda zogona, iwo anali minda chikhalidwe, minda, ndipo ngakhale asilikali. Maonekedwe a inawo chinathandiza atasemphana okhazikika chimene chinalipo pakati pa Sumerians ndi Akkadians. Pambuyo ufumu Chisumeriya-atazindikira ndisungunuka, Mesopotamia unagawidwa mbali ziwiri: kum'mwera panali ufumu wa Babulo, ndi kumpoto - Asuri. Izi chitukuko chachikulu chili vuto la kutsutsana wosatha ndi chinsinsi mbiri yakale.

Anatolia ndi nyanja ya Mediterranean

A pang'ono pasanafike Iguputo ndi ku Mesopotamiya, tinayamba kukhala mumzinda boma, limene lili m'mphepete kum'mawa kwa nyanja ya Mediterranean. Pankhani Anatolia (Turkey) ndiye anapanga Mhiti ufumu - logwirizana ndi amphamvu boma, womwe wakhala timakhala mwamphamvu ndi Africa North ndi Mesopotamia. West Asia kalelo anatsogolera nkhondo zonse ndi mitundu zimatsutsana. Chifukwa kupeza zonse dera anthu anaphatikizana. Patapita zaka zambiri kusamuka amakakamizidwa anapanga Afro-muthu mitundu banja limene kudziwika kwa ife lero. Amakhala makamaka Aluya amene zatenga chimodzimodzi mu dera Middle East, lomwe likutanthauza dera la Asia West ndipo Africa North.