USSR madzulo a Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ndi mfundo yachilendo, zinthu chitetezo imapanga, vuto lonse, kukula kwa malire a chuma

Mmodzi wa mitu lalikulu zoweta ndi dziko sayansi mbiri kuwunika zimene anali boma la USSR madzulo a Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Mwachidule nkhani imeneyi tiyenela kuiganizila mbali zingapo: ndale, a zachuma amazionera, kutenga nkhani zovuta lonse limene dziko anapeza yokha pamaso pa maseŵera a Germany Hitler.

The European chitsogozo cha mfundo Soviet boma

Pa nthawi nkhani Africa pakhala kubuka awiri mokwiya. Pa nkhani imeneyi, udindo wa USSR madzulo a Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo oopsa kwambiri. Kunali koyenera kukhwimitsa mwamsanga kuti m'chitetezo malire ake kwa adani zotheka. zinali zovuta chifukwa chakuti ndi ogwirizana European Soviet Union - France ndi Britain - analola kulanda wa Sudetenland la Czechoslovakia ndi Germany, ndipo kenako zoona, anatembenuka ndi diso wakhungu ntchito ya dziko lonse. Izi zikachitika, utsogoleri Soviet ali anapereka yankho lake ku vuto la kuthetsedwa kwa mokwiya German: dongosolo kulenga mndandanda wa mapangano amene anali kugwirizanitsa maiko onse polimbana ndi mdani watsopano.

USSR madzulo a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, chifukwa akuchuluka kuwaopseza asilikali, analemba mndandanda wa mapangano pa thandizo mwagwirizana ndi zochita olowa ndi mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi ku Eastern. Komabe, mapangano amenewa sanali okwanira, choncho Atengedwa miyeso aakulu kwambiri, akuti: akafunsiridwa kuthana France ndi UK kulenga mgwirizano ndi Nazi Germany. Kuti tichite zimenezi, mu dziko lathu la akazembe phindu m'mayiko amenewa chifukwa zokambirana ndi. Izo zinachitika zaka 2 pamaso kuukira Nazi pa dziko lathu.

Relations ndi Germany

USSR madzulo a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mu vuto kwambiri: ogwirizana angathe musati kukhulupirira boma Stalinist, amene nawonso, panalibe chifukwa kuti apite kwa iwo asintha pambuyo Munich pangano, amene kwenikweni amavomereza gulu la Czechoslovakia. kusamvetsetsa nonse anatsogolera chakuti magulu anasonkhana alephera kukwaniritsa pangano. Chotero mayikidwe a magulu walola boma kupereka Hitler mbali Soviet kunena sanali mokwiya ke, limene lalembedwa mu August chaka chomwecho. Kenako, France ndi Britain nthumwi kumanzere Moscow. Kwa Pangano pa Non-Olusa anali linalanda ndi protocol chinsinsi kupereka kukonzanso kugawikana kwa Ulaya pakati pa Germany ndi la Soviet Union. Malinga ndi chikalata ichi, mayiko Baltic, Poland, Bessarabia anazindikira ngati yofunika ya Soviet Union.

The Soviet-Chifinishi Nkhondo

Pambuyo kusainira ndi pangano la Soviet Union anapita kukamenyana ndi Finland, umene unatha wonse miyezi 5 ndipo anaziulula mavuto aakulu luso zida ndi njira. Cholinga cha utsogoleri Stalinist anali kukankhira kumbuyo malire kumadzulo kwa dziko 100 Km. Finland anafunsidwa kuti cede ndi Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba, kuika mu Areda Soviet Union Hanko chilumba cha yomanga maziko panyanja. Nafenso dera la kumpoto kwa dziko amapereka mu Soviet Karelia. Akuluakulu Chifinishi anakana musankhepo izi, ndiyeno asilikali Soviet anayamba kumenyana. Movutikira, Red Army anakwanitsa circumvent ndi Mannerheim Line ndi kutenga Vyborg. Pamene zokambirana Finland wapanga, kupereka mdani sikuti anatchula Korinto ndi chilumba, koma dera kumpoto kwa iwo. Chotero mfundo yachilendo wa USSR madzulo a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse am'peza ndi mlandu lonse, ndi chifukwa chakuti iye anali amachotsedwa m'bungwe la League of Nations.

Ndale ndiponso chikhalidwe cha vuto mu dziko

Mbali ina yofunika kwambiri pa mfundo mkati mwa utsogoleri Union kulimbitsa okhawo wa chipani cha Communist ndi ulamuliro wake mtheradi ndi okwana pa mbali zonse za anthu. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, malamulo atsopano, amene ananena kuti dziko lamadyerero wopambana, mwa kulankhula kwina, izo zimatanthauza chiyembekezo chakuti chomaliza cha umwini payekha ndi makalasi masuku pamutu anavomerezedwa mu December 1936. chochitika anali unachitika chigonjetso Stalin mu nkhondo yolimbana chipani, yomwe inatenga lonse yachiwiri theka la 30 ntchentche za m'ma XX.

Ndipotu, izo zinali mu Soviet Union mu nthawi ya pansi review panali dongosolo opondereza ndale. umunthu mwambo mtsogoleri ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zake zikuluzikulu. Komanso, Party Communist wakhazikitsa kulamulira zochitika zonse za anthu. Ndi izi centralization okhwima analola mwachilungamo msanga kusonkhanitsa chuma chonse cha dziko kubweza mdani. akuyesetsa wa utsogoleri Soviet pa nthawi anakonzedwa kukonzeketsera anthu kumenya nkhondo. Choncho, chidwi kwambiri linaperekedwa kwa usilikali ndipo masewera.

Komabe, zinthu zimenezi linaperekedwa kwa chikhalidwe ndi mfundo. USSR madzulo a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse kufuna cohesion nawo pa kulimbana wamba adani. Zimenezi n'zimene udaikidwa ntchito mabuku, mafilimu, anayang'ana kunja nthawi zogwirizana. Pa nthawi imeneyi, asilikali kukonda dziko lako zithunzi za dziko anajambula kuti anakonzedwa kusonyeza m'mbuyomu amunamuna a dziko polimbana m'derali. Komanso zowonetsera anapita mafilimu kulemekeza ntchito zozizwitsa za anthu Union, zikayenda ake pa ulimi ndi chuma. Nkhani yofanana unkachitika mu mabuku. Wotchuka Soviet olemba anali kulemba ntchito za khalidwe aakulu amene anali kuuzira anthu Soviet nkhondo. Ambiri, chipani anafika yake yaikulu: German kuukira anthu Soviet ananyamuka kuteteza dziko.

Kulimbikitsa ya chitetezo ya - malangizo waukulu mfundo zoweta

USSR madzulo a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mu malo ovuta kwambiri: leni kudzipatula mayiko, Nkhondoyo imene April 1941 kale anakhudza pafupifupi onse a ku Ulaya, adamfunsa miyeso mwamsanga kukonzekera dzikolo kumenyana m'tsogolo. Ndi vutoli ndipo pezani njira ya utsogoleri phwando khumi ndi.

Chuma Soviet madzulo a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse anali pa mlingo mwachilungamo mkulu wa chitukuko. Mu zaka zam'mbuyo, chifukwa zonse ziwiri mmasiku Awiri zaka zisanu, amphamvu kwambiri asilikali mafakitale zovuta wakhala analengedwa mu dziko. M'kupita kwa mafakitale kuti amange galimoto, mafakitale thalakitala, mphero zitsulo, opangira magetsi siteshoni. Mu nthawi yochepa, dziko lathu wagonjetsedwa kwa backlog wa mayiko a azungu mawu luso.

USSR chitetezo angathe zinthu madzulo a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse m'gulu malangizo angapo. Mu malo oyamba anapitiriza ndondomeko ya chitukuko mokondera a akakhala ndi nonferrous zitsulo, komanso mayendedwe inapita patsogolo anayamba kutulutsa zida. Patangopita zaka zochepa, kupanga wake wakhala chinawonjezeka ndi nthawi 4. akasinja latsopano, omenyana mkulu-liwiro, kuukira ndege, koma misa zawo kupanga munalibe dongosolo zinalengedwa. mfuti ndi mfuti za makina amene anamanga. Iwo anatengera lamulo usilikali konsekonse, kotero kuti ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo ya dziko angakhoze kuchiyika pa mfuti mamilioni angapo anthu.

mfundo Social ndi kupondereza

USSR chitetezo angathe zinthu zimadalira dzuwa la kupanga. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, chipani anapita pa mndandanda wa miyeso kwambiri: anavomereza chigamulo pa tsiku maola asanu ndi atatu, masiku asanu ndi ntchito sabata. Wosaloleka achire ku kumalo a ntchito inaletsedwa. Pakuti kukhala mochedwa ntchito ayenera Chilango chaukali - kumangidwa, ndi zotsimikizira zopindika munthu anaopseza kuti ntchito yaukapolo.

Komabe, chitsutsocho linkawakhudza choopsa pa boma la Red Army. Akhudzidwa kwambiri alonda: oimira oposa mazana asanu pafupifupi 400 anali anazunzidwa. Chifukwa, 7 kokha% wa oimira wapamwamba ndodo lamulo anali wamaphunziro apamwamba. Pali uthenga kuti nzeru Soviet mobwerezabwereza anachenjeza za kuukira kumene kukubwera cha mdani ndi dziko lathu. Komabe, utsogoleri alibe kanthu mwachangu kubweza kuwukira izi. Cacikulu Komabe, tisaiwale kuti chitetezo imapanga wa USSR madzulo a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse analola dziko lathu osati apulumuke alimbane lowopsya la Nazi ku Germany, koma kenako kupita tingalimbanirane.

Zimene zikuchitika ku Europe

Udindo wa mayiko wa USSR madzulo a Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo kunali kovuta chifukwa zikamera wa foci wa asilikali. Mu West, izo zinali, monga tatchulazi, Germany. Kale izo makampani lonse mu Europe. Komanso akhoza kuika asilikali oposa 8 zida zamphamvu. The Germany linalanda kutsogolera ndi patsogolo m'mayiko amenewa European ngati Czech Republic, France, Poland, Austria. Mu Spain, iwo anagwirizana ndi opondereza ulamuliro wa General Franco. Mu nkhope ya vuto linkakula mayiko, Soviet utsogoleri, monga tatchulazi, kunapezeka, kwayekha, chifukwa cha amene anali ngati kusamvetsetsa mwagwirizana ndi yosokoneza ogwirizana, amene kenako zinachititsa kuti mavuto aakulu.

Zimene zikuchitika ku East

The vuto ndi chifukwa zinthu ku Asia anatembenuzira USSR madzulo a Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Mwachidule vutoli akhoza zimachitika ndi zolinga asilikali a Japan, amene anabweranso n'kudzapha maiko oyandikana ndi anabwera pafupi ndi malire a dziko lathu. Zinafika kumenyana ndi mfuti: asilikali Soviet anali kubweza matenda adani latsopano. Panali nkhondo ziŵiri. Mu njira zambiri ndi ofanana ndi muyezo wa mphamvu ndi kuwakweza utsogoleri Soviet mukamaliza zokambirana zinalephereka ndi nthumwi Western kukwaniritsa pangano ndi Germany nonaggression. Zotsatira za Front East anachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa nkhondo ndi anamalizidwa bwino. Inali pa nthawi zakuthupi kulimbitsa ndondomeko asilikali anali mmodzi wa mitu yomwe.

chuma dziko

Lamulo mkati mwa USSR madzulo a Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo anali umalimbana chitukuko cha mafakitale lolemera. Kuti tichite zimenezi, magulu onse a anthu Soviet anaponyedwa. Kukhetsa chuma m'mudzi ndi ngongole kwa zosowa za makampani katundu anali njira yaikulu chipani kulenga lankhondo lamphamvu zedi-mafakitale zovuta. Mofulumira inapita patsogolo dongosolo zaka ziwiri asanu kunachitika, imene Soviet Union wagonjetsedwa kwa kwanthawi wa mayiko Western European. M'mudzi zinalengedwa ndi lalikulu gulu private katundu anathetsa. ulimi anali zosowa za mzinda mafakitale. Panthawi imeneyi, ndi ofala antchito Stakhanov kayendedwe, zomwe zili ndi chipani. ntchito-kukwaniritsidwa kwa malamulo akusowekapo anaikidwa patsogolo opanga. Cholinga cha zinthu zonse mwadzidzidzi anali kulimbikitsa chitetezo imapanga wa USSR madzulo a Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo.

kusintha Kupititsa

Ndi 1940, panali kukula kwa malire a USSR madzulo a Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Ichi chinali chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya miyeso yachilendo ndondomeko anatengedwa ndi utsogoleri Stalinist kukapempha malire dziko. Choyamba, iwo anayankhula za momwe kusuntha malire mzere kumpoto chakumadzulo, amene kwachititsa, monga tatchulazi, ku nkhondo ndi Finland. Ngakhale zomvetsa katundu, ndi zoonekeratu luso backwardness wa Red Army, boma la Soviet wapanga yake, adalandira Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba ndi Hanko chilumba.

Koma chofunika kwambiri kusintha Kupititsa zachitika pa malire a kumadzulo. Mu 1940, boma la Soviet Union analowa Baltic mayiko - Lithuania, Latvia ndi Estonia. asinthire mu nthawi zogwirizana ndi wofunika kwambiri chifukwa zone zoteteza analenga mtundu wa kukonzekera kuwukira mdani

Nkhani zophunzira za mu sukulu

M'kupita kwa mbiri ya XX m'ma imodzi yovuta kwambiri ndi mutu wa "Soviet Union madzulo a Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo." Kalasi 9 - ndi kuphunzira vuto, komwe kuli osokoneza ndiponso zovuta kuti mphunzitsi ayenera mosamala kwambiri kusankha zinthu ndi kutanthauzira mfundo. Makamaka zimenezi zikugwira ntchito, ndithudi, wathuwu sanali mokwiya ke, nkhani za zomwe zikutipatsa mafunso ndipo amapereka malo okwanira kuti akambirane ndi mtsutso.

Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuganizira zaka ophunzira: achichepere kawirikawiri sachedwa maximalist mu kuwunika awo, kotero ndikofunika mumawasonyeza kuti mfundo yakuti kusaina chikalata choterocho ngati n'zovuta zifukwa, n'zotheka kufotokoza zinthu zovuta mayiko, Soviet Union zoona, Iwo anali yekhayekha pa zoyesayesa zawo kulenga dongosolo kugwirizana ndi Germany.

nkhani ina chimodzimodzi maganizo - ndi vuto polumikiza mayiko Baltic kuti Soviet Union. Nthawi zambiri mukhoza kupeza maganizo za pophatikizana zawo zachiwawa ndi kulowelera mu zochitika mkati. Kuphunzira chinthu ichi amafuna kupenda mosamala lonse zinthu mfundo yachilendo. Mwina, nkhani imeneyi anapanga zinthu mofanana sanali mokwiya ke: mu prewar nyengo kusokonekera madera ndi zosinthidwa za malire anali mosalephera chodabwitsa. Mapu a ku Ulaya zasintha zonse, choncho kanthu ndale za boma ziyenela kuoneka ngati pokonzekera nkhondo.

Plan "wa USSR madzulo a Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo," phunziro, mwachidule zomwe pazikhalanso onse mfundo yachilendo ndi zinthu mkati ndale za boma ayenera zochokera zaka ophunzira. Mu kalasi 9 zibwezeletsera tokha kwa mfundo zofunika wanenedwa m'nkhani ino. nkhani zosiyanasiyana wolongolola ndi kukonzedwa kwa ophunzira mu sitandade 11 pa malo mutu ndi kupereka kwa mtsutso pa pazinthu zina. Tikumbukenso kuti vuto la malamulo yachilendo wa USSR pamaso pa mliri wa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World ndi chimodzi mwa maganizo kwambiri mu sayansi zoweta mbiri, choncho ali ndi malo apamwamba mu sukulu yophunzitsa.

Mu kuphunzira phunziro ili ayenera kuganizira nthawi m'mbuyomo la Soviet Union. boma lamuloli zoweta ndi achilendo anali umalimbana chakuti zolimbitsira ake mayiko ndi kulenga dongosolo zokomera. Choncho m'pofunika kuganizira zinthu ziwiri izi kwakukulukulu anachititsa zochita zimene anatenga utsogoleri chipani mu nkhope ya chatsika nkhondo ku Ulaya.

Ngakhale pa zaka zam'mbuyo, Soviet Union ankafuna kukhala ndi malo ake m'bwalo lonse. Zotsatira za zimenezi zinali chilengedwe cha boma latsopano ndi kukula kwa dera lake pamudzipo. Kasamalidwe yemweyo amene anapitiriza kuchita pambuyo chigonjetso ndale mu German Nazi Party. Tsopano Komabe, mfundo izi anatengera polingalira za chikhalidwe cha zikamera mofulumira ya foci ya nkhondo yachiwiri mu West ndi East. Mutu "wa USSR madzulo a Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo" imene abstracts tebulo anapereka m'munsimu, limasonyeza mbali yaikulu ya malamulo mkati ndi kunja kwa Party.

Choncho, udindo wa boma madzulo a nkhondo zinali zovuta kwambiri, ndipo n'chifukwa chake mbali ya malamulo, onse pa m'bwalolo mayiko m'dzikoli. Zinthu chitetezo imapanga wa USSR madzulo a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse unachita molimba kugonjetsa Nazi Germany.