Kodi chikuni? The zosiyanasiyana tanthauzo mwachizolowezi mawu

Pafupifupi mawu ntchito mawu tsiku ndi tsiku, pali mfundo kuti chagwiritsidwa malinga ndi nkhani yake. Ena a iwo wamba, pamene ena mosamalitsa Buku, kapena chakale ndipo aiwala anthu ambiri.

Tanthauzo lenileni la mawu

Lodziwa za mtundu, muyenera nthawi zonse kuganizira zinthu zimene iwo amatchula. Pakali pano, mawu amagwirizana ndi kufunika kwa zinthu. Makamaka, Ushakov Dictionary tanthauzo motere:

1. Keyala chizindikiro chotsimikizira malipiro a ndalama chifukwa cha kufala kwa makalata kapena maphukusi pa mtunda wina.
2. chizindikiro umwini kapena sitampu pa mankhwala lakonzedwa kuzindikira mwamsanga makasitomala ndi mankhwala personalization.
3. Dzina la unit ndalama ndi lunge panthawi zosiyanasiyana pa dera la Germany, Estonia ndi Finland. Mu Middle Ages ku Ulaya, otchedwa ndalama golide wolemera masekeli mpaka aunsi 8.

M'chinenero chilichonse, mukhoza kupeza tanthauzo la mawu akuti "mtundu" kuti m'zaka za m'ma XXI. kuiwalika. Mwachitsanzo, oyeza XVIII-XIX zaka. wotchedwa osiyanasiyana mtengo kapena malodza wina kwa mawerengedwe a m'deralo.

Origin ndi makhalidwe a masitampa

Nthawi zambiri, kudziwa chimene ndi chizindikiro, kutanthauza chizindikiro anafuna kupereka chindapusa chifukwa chotumiza m'makalata. Iye anawonekera mu Britain m'zaka za m'ma XIX., Pamene dziko anaganiza kale ndipo zinayambitsa chisokonezo ndi utumiki positi. lingaliro ali Bambo Rowland Hill, amene 1847 anapempha boma ndi maganizo kukachititsa kusintha positi ndi akabweretsa tariff ndekha kwa magalimoto kuzungulira dziko. Patatha zaka 3, ndicho 10 January 1840, nyumba ya malamulo anatengera lamulo lolingana, ndi miyezi ingapo mu UK kuyamba kuyenda yoyamba sitampu - pepala mdima ndi chithunzi cha Mfumukazi Victoria, analandira yotchuka lotchedwa "wakuda khobiri".

Patatha zaka 10 chabe, pafupifupi m'dziko lililonse adzakhala ake zizindikiro wotumizira yekha, ndipo mu 1878, Universal Keyala Union unakhazikitsidwa. Adalowa dziko lake anavomera pa tariff wamba ndi yobereka achitsulo. Choncho, chifukwa cha kachidutswa kakang'ono ka pepala mtunda pakati pa anthu achepetsa.

Stamps - gawo la chikhalidwe chilichonse dziko. Iwo amapangidwa masiku wosaiwalika kapena zochitika zofunika kwambiri, ndi thandizo lawo "kulimbikitsa" malo ndi zokopa, kunena za Chikhalidwe ndi kupereka msonkho kwa anthu apadera - asayansi, ngwazi asilikali, anthu ochita zisudzo. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX. ngakhale wapadera "chiyankhulo cha chikondi" analengedwa pamene malo chizindikiro pa envelopu akanakhoza kukhala kutchuka kapena mafuno abwino.

M'zaka za m'ma XXI. anthu kulankhula kawirikawiri pa foni kapena pa Intaneti. Komabe, akuluakulu onse adakali makalata, ndipo chiwerengero cha philatelists (sitampu okhometsa zachilendo) zikuchulukirachulukira.

Makamaka zotetezedwa ndi zopangidwa

Mankhwala tsiku ndi zambiri mawu "malonda (msika) mtundu." Liwulo m'njira izi zikumveka ngati munthu zithunzi mawu a Mlengi wa mankhwala aliwonse. Lingaliro amakhudza kwambiri ndi zingaphatikizepo mitundu makampani, Logos, kalembedwe kampani, zotetezedwa , ndi zina zotero. Amaona kuti n'chimodzimodzi ndi mtunduwu. Komabe, yotsirizira sikuti amatanthauza chizindikiro chilichonse, koma ankafuna ndi otchuka pakati ogula. Mwachitsanzo, nsapato "Gucci" - ndi mtundu, pang'ono odziwika nsapato "Krapivinskii Kalinka" - ndi chizindikiro.

Komanso, mawuwa angathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mufotokozere munthu makamaka mankhwala - vinyo, tchizi, chocolate ndi zina zotero. Monga ulamuliro, izo ntchito pofuna kutsindika ubwino wapadera ndi exclusivity.

KUFOTOKOZERA tanthauzo yang'anirani katundu, iwo uyenera kukumbukira kuti umenewu mayina akuti tinganene kuti. Ndiyo ya zizindikiro za katundu yense kuti anapereka wapadera chilolezo - ndi setifiketi. Lamulo limeneli ambiri m'mayiko onse.

ndalama

Kwa nthawi yaitali, kunena zimene mtundu, anthu anatanthauza ndalama za maiko ena. Makamaka mu Germany, mu Ages Middle anali mbali ya Ufumu wa Roma, nthawi yaitali anayenda lalikulu golide ndalama - chikuni. Mu 1870, pa kusintha ndalama, izo polima monga ndalama umodzi. M'zaka za m'ma XX. mtunduwu opangidwa mu mawonekedwe a banknotes ndi ndalama. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, dziko linali ndi mbali 2 (FRG ndi GDR), koma dzina sichinasinthe. Ndi msika chuma German mtundu anachoka mu 2002, m'malo mwa yuro.

Mofananamo dzina ndalama mu Finland (mpaka 2002), Estonia (kuchokera mu 1918 mpaka 1928) ndipo mu Bosnia ndi Herzegovina.

mfundo chakale kapena underutilized

Language wa anthu pulasitiki kwambiri ndi tanthauzo la mawu ena kusintha pa nthawi. Kuti chizindikiro chimenecho, mwina kutchulidwa kuti Ages Middle mu Europe anatanthauza ndi mawu yaing'ono lolemera chuma (cholowa kwa ana aang'ono), mfundo utsogoleri m'malire, gulu akumidzi ndi malo ofanana ndi nkhalango.

Mu Russia, otchedwa zizindikiro za oyeza ndipo oyeza, kuwatsogolera yofunika amaika mumsewu misewu ndi trays la anthu ogulitsa ka katundu ankadutsa m'midzi - Ofen.