Kodi chimayambitsa matenda majini

matenda majini monga gulu lalikulu la matenda amene uka kwa kusintha mu dongosolo mbewu. Tiyeni tifufuze zomwe zimayambitsa pathologies izi.

Gene matenda anthu makamaka chifukwa cha masinthidwe majini structural, zomwe angagwirire ntchito yawo ndi kaphatikizidwe polypeptides, mwa kulankhula kwina - mapuloteni. masinthidwe jini iliyonse kumatanthauza kusintha kapangidwe kapena kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni.

matenda kuyamba ndi zotsatira yoyamba ya allele ZOOPSA. Ngati wina ayesera schematically akamachita jini masinthidwe munthu kudzakhala Poyamba kukhala allele owukira, amene amalowa kusinthidwa mankhwala chachikulu, chifukwa mu selo akapitirira unyolo njira amuzolengedwa, chifukwa yotsogolera kwa kusintha mu ziwalo ndipo zimakhala, ndiyeno lonse chamoyo.

Poganizira matenda majini pa mlingo maselo, mitundu zimenezi zingathe kudziŵika:

- kupanga ndalama owonjezera mankhwala jini,

- kaphatikizidwe ya mapuloteni nthenda

- chosowa ulimi,

- komanso ulimi wa maola kuchuluka kwa mankhwala chachikulu.

matenda majini sikuthetsa pa mlingo maselo. pathogenesis awo akupitiriza kukhala pa mlingo ma. Pa nkhani imeneyi tisaiwale mfundo za ntchito ya jini zasintha matenda osiyanasiyana zimakhala matupi ambiri, ndi osiyana nyumba ma monga zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, peroxisomes, lysosomes, mitochondria.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa kuvutika kumtundu kuti mawonetseredwe awo matenda, komanso mlingo komanso kusalekerera chitukuko anatsimikiza pa mlingo wa genotype wa chamoyo, ndi mmene chilengedwe, m'badwo wa mtima, ndi zina zotero.

Mbali khalidwe la heterogeneity kumtundu pathologies. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti mawu phenotypic matenda mwina chifukwa masinthidwe zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimachitika mwa mbewu imodzi kapena majini osiyanasiyana. Izi unkakhazikitsidwa mu 1934 ndi kafukufuku wotchuka m'munda wa chibadwa S.N.Davidenkovym.

Monga likamanena monogenic cha kuvutika chibadwa, malinga ndi malamulo a Mendel, iwo anatengera. Nayenso mitundu monogenic ungathe kugawidwa ndi mtundu wa cholowa, ndicho autosomal recessive, autosomal lalikulu, ndi pamodzi ndi Y- ndi X-DNA.

matenda onse majini akhoza wachinsinsi ndi chiwerengero cha makhalidwe, ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri Pankhaniyi adzakhala tinatengera matenda kagayidwe kachakudya. Pafupifupi onsewo mbali ya autosomal unsembe recessive. Chifukwa cha zinthu izi pathological ndi kusowa kwa enzyme makamaka amene ali ndi udindo kwa kaphatikizidwe wa amino zidulo. Zikuphatikizapo matenda monga phenylketonuria, maso cutaneous alubino ndi homogentisuria.

Gulu lotsatira waukulu wa matenda majini kugwirizana ndi matenda kagayidwe kachakudya. Glycogen matenda, galactosemia - zitsanzo za thupi gulu.

Otsatidwa ndi matenda amene mwachindunji zokhudzana zamadzimadzi kagayidwe - ndicho Gaucher matenda matenda Niemann kuwasankha ndi zina zotero.

Majini matenda anthu, kupatula amene tatchula kale, anawagawira

- matenda otengera kwa pyrimidine ndi purine kagayidwe,

- pathologies kugwirizana ndi matenda connective minofu,

- tinatengera matenda a kufalitsidwa mapuloteni,

- matenda a kufunika mwachindunji kwa matenda kagayidwe mu erythrocytes,

- cholowa kudwala zitsulo kuwombola,

- ndipo syndromes amene amayambitsa njira malabsorption mu dongosolo m'mimba.

Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba ife kuwonjezera kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa chikhalidwe cholowa cha matenda zachokera njira matenda ndipo mndandanda.