Kodi monopolization ndi motani chuma?

chuma pali chiwerengero mokwanira lalikulu njira zosiyanasiyana zimene zimakhudza chitukuko ndi Inde. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi monopolization. zodabwitsazi ali ndi makhalidwe zabwino ndi zoipa, ndipo tiyenera kusamala ndi kusintha pofuna kupewa zotsatira kwambiri negative. Chotero kodi ndi monopolization, ndi chilengedwe chake ndi chiyani polojekitiyi?

tanthawuzo

Kuti timvetse funso lomwe 'monopolization "amatanthauza kuti msika wa mpikisano wangwiro wofanana ndi pachilichonse za katundu anapereka, ambiri alimi, ufulu wa malonda ndi zambiri. Zimenezi theoretically abwino, ndipo anatengedwa monga chitsanzo, koma zenizeni si kukumana. moyang'anizana yake ndi kukhazikitsidwa owona. E. The msika (kapena ena mwa malangizo ake) amatenga chimodzi kapena makampani ochepa lalikulu kukhazikitsa mfundo mitengo zonse kupanga ndi zina zotero. D. Iyi ndiyo njira ya monopolization. Timakondanso, monga ulamuliro, gawo limodzi la chuma. Mwachitsanzo, m'mayiko pambuyo Soviet, kulikonse pali okhawo mu gawo la nyumba. The monopolization malonda Pankhaniyi amakhala ndi chakuti makonzedwe a misonkhano ndi anthu ndiponso mabungwe ang'onoang'ono magetsi amapereka kampani limodzi lokha, mpweya - madzi chachiwiri - .. lachitatu, ndi zina ogula ndi sizikanatheka kusankha katundu, palibe mpikisano mtengo ndi zina zotero ..

mfundo zoipa

Mavuto monopolization a msika mwachindunji tanthauzo la mfundo yokha. Zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

• Mlingo wochepa kapena mulibe chokwanira cha mpikisano saphunzira ndondomeko za chitukuko kwambiri kuchepetsa kufunika kwa kusintha ndi wamakono kupanga.
• Monopolist akhoza kukhala mtengo zawo katundu, kaya mphamvu ya ogula, kuti akuswa mtengo mgwirizano.
• N'kovuta kulowa msika wa makampani watsopano ndi mankhwala ofanana.

lothandiza

ndi monopolization mawu mmene chuma chiyani? Sitingathe kunena kuti ndondomeko imeneyi ali ndi zoyipa kwambiri, T. Kwa. Pali zifukwa zingapo mu mtima wake. Mwachitsanzo:

• A wopanga lalikulu (kapena kucheza angapo) n'chachikulu zokwanira chuma ndi luso mphamvu kafukufuku, chitukuko ndi kukhazikitsa njira zamakono zatsopano kuchepetsa kupanga.
• makampani Monopolistic kuyamika lonse ake zambiri kugonjetsedwa conjunctural kusinthasintha makampani kapena msika lonse, mavuto ndi zachuma, ndi zina zotero. N.

zotsatira

Ngati pali monopolization zambiri Chichitike imfa ukonde wa anthu. Tisonyeza zimenezo mwa chakuti opanga akhoza mbwee kukweza mitengo pa katundu, kaya kusintha ndalama, ogula amakakamizidwa kugula iwo pa zinthu mwachindunji. Popeza wogula ndalama musati kukula ndiye voliyumu ya mankhwala anagula yafupika, choncho, amachepetsa mlingo wa ntchito mu makampani. Ngakhale kuti monopolist wolandira phindu popanda kulakwitsa, anthu onse wotaya ndi ndondomeko imeneyi. Komanso, zotsatira zake akuwuka kwa zinthu zoipa tatchulazi.

Kodi inu kuzindikira?

ndi monopolization ku mfundo ya amaona bwanji? M'mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi Boma la mtengo wa zimene anatsimikiza ndi mlingo wa mpikisano n'chosiyana kwambiri. chiphunzitsochi kuti ngati magawo atatu a gawo limene mukukhala yopanga sewerolo imodzi, theka - magulu atatu (opanga kapena utumiki wosamalira), ndipo asanu a iwo kuphimba oposa 60%, pali mlingo wochepa wa mpikisano. Inamupanikiza msika amaona ngati chiwerengero cha makampani - zosaposa khumi. Kuwerengetsa index zambiri ntchito Harfindela - Hirschman Index, zochokera zizindikiro za chiwerengero cha Makampani ndi gawo lawo la makampani mwa mawu a anthu. Ntchito kudziwa mlingo wa monopolization ndi digiri ya mpikisano zambiri imagwera pa boma, monga mnjira kwambiri zokhudza chuma ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale osati mmodzi, koma dziko lonse wonse, ndi chifukwa pa msinkhu wa anthu.

boma alowererepo

Kupezeka ndi mlingo wa monopolization mu chuma malamulo pa mlingo malamulo. miyeso Economic ntchito kukhalabe mpikisano, kupewa okhawo mvetsetsa zake zoipa, monga:

• Support, ndalama kapena kupereka phindu kwa opanga mankhwala wogwirizira, katundu akukumana ndi zina zotero. N.
• Kukopa ndalama m'mafakitale m'manja, kuphatikizapo anthu achilendo, komanso thandizo pamene kulowa msika
• The mwambo ndi ndalama za ntchito cofufuzila chitukuko cha mafakitale ndi mpikisano zochepa.

miyeso Administrative boma monga:

• Control chilengedwe, Kuphatikizana, kugula ndi zina zotero. N. makampani zotsimikizira.
• Kuyendetsa demonopolisation (kulekana, onongani).
• Zilango, kayendetsedwe ndi zigawenga udindo kwa monopolization anayesa malonda.

Zovuta kwambiri ndipo amange dongosolo la nkhondowo ndi oyamba mu United States. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwapa, Russia nayenso kumvetsa chigamulo cha nkhani ya monopolization ya misika, ngakhalenso Chilamulo pa mpikisano komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa komiti yapadera ntchito umenewu.