KODI Turgenev. Chidule cha "Mfundo za Hunter"

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev kalekale analowa mbiri ya mabuku Russian, ndipo anapambana malo m'mitima ya anthu mamiliyoni mafani ntchito anamuyamikira kwa prose ndakatulo, ndi chikondi kwa Russia, komanso amalimbikitsa mfundo iliyonse mzere za moyo wa anthu m'zaka za m'ma XIX. Osati analemba zimene iye anawona banal lofotokozera Turgenev.

"Mfundo za Hunter" a gulu la zopeka wotchedwa zolembalemba ndakatulo mu prose.

Ndi mkulu mphambu - msonkho kwa mwamphamvu limaonetseratu maganizo.

Buku la "Mfundo za Hunter" - chochitika chosaiwalika kwa anthu Russian

Nkhani otsekeredwa mu chopereka zinalengedwa pang'onopang'ono. Koyamba zinasindikizidwa zonse mu 1852 (Komabe, nkhani zitatu m'gulu "Mfundo" Patapita). kutchuka wolemba kunyumba pambuyo buku awo anali yaikulu. Ngakhale Mfumu Alexander II kangapo ndizofunikira kuwerenga bukhu ili, limene linalembedwa ndi Ivan Turgenev ( "Mfundo za Hunter"). The zilembo zazikulu za nkhani momveka bwino zafotokozedwa pa anthu ndipo ankadziwa zonse ophunzira Russian. Ivan Sergeyevich, monga mbuye woona mawu, ali anatha kulenga wapadera zithunzi luso kusintha moyo wawo dziko.

nkhani twente-faifi ophatikizana umunthu wa owerenga chomwecho. Ndi eni malo a m'chigawo Oryol, msaki, amene, kupita kukasaka lotsatira, poyamba amaona zinthu, mungazindikire, akulankhula kwa anthu. Iye ndi chidwi ndi wosatsutsika. Mosakayikira, pakamwa pamalankhula Turgenev. Chidule cha "Mfundo za Hunter" - nthawi yomweyo mbiri ya atchulidwa awo. nkhani mtundu wanyimbo sinafike kukhala molondola ndi padziko lonse pogwiritsa ntchito mabuku zithunzi. Chithunzithunzi chonse limachokera ngati zikwapu payekha. Wapadera m'nyimbo chithunzi cha moyo wa m'dzikolo, atadzazidwa ndi mzimu Russian, kulenga nkhani "Polecat ndi Kalinych", "Kasyan", "oimba", "Bezhin dambo." nkhani zina zambiri, monga "Hamlet Schigrovskogo County", "County dokotala".

otchulidwa pachiyambi, "Mfundo za Hunter"

Komabe, wolemba ndi yosalekerera khama kwambiri kuti gritty zosiyanasiyana chithunzi chenicheni cha moyo weniweni pakati pa anthu wamba. Wamaliza kuona mogwirizana ngakhale mkati ubale mbuye ndi serf. Ngakhale pano anaona mphukira zatsopano, osati ukapolo, koma asapita wa munthu Turgenev. Chidule cha "Mfundo za Hunter" limatiuza mmene ophunzira, aluntha, ndi woganizira Polecat ndi abwenzi ndi serfs wake Kalinych. Ndipo pali pano palibe chidani, palibe nsanje pa dzanja limodzi, kapena pandekha - pa ena. Ndithudi, anali Russian - madera a dziko. Osati kanthu kenako, ambiri democrat chosintha, motsutsana ndi Bolsheviks, iye anayesa kuti ajambule njira mtsogolo kudzera maphunziro ndi kulapa. Prerequisites ichi anali. Za iwo - nkhani "Polecat ndi Kalinych".

Pali anthu Russian ndipo kwambiri, koma osati zapamwamba zauzimu! Chotero wolemba. khalidwe lake lauzimu Kasyan ku Malupanga Chokongola, amene akulamulira chintchito kupusa, wotsimikizika ndi wapadera. Iye ali ngati kandulo, owala padziko lonse. "Pali mtsogolo mtundu!", - anati Ivan S., kutiuza ife za kulankhulana achinyamata amene anatulutsa akavalo usiku. Aliyense mnyamata anamva moyo, maganizo kulankhula ndi dziko kwawo.

Pa nthawi yomweyo ndi insolvency serfdom analemba Turgenev. Chidule cha "Mfundo za Hunter" akutionetsa zithunzi unflattering wa Wagwa, anasiya kulankhulana ndi anthu a mumzinda - Penochkin, Stegunova ndi Zverkov. Komabe wolemba amakana pamaziko ndipo ikusonyeza ngozi anthu wamba zachiwawa (nkhani "n'kudzandigunda"). Magazi ndi chiwawa zothetsera mavuto n'zosayenera kwa Russia, amaona tingachipeze powerenga.

anapezazo

yake kwambiri Turgenev analemba buku lake. Chidule cha "Mfundo za Hunter" molunjika kuti iwo anachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri kumvetsetsa m'magulu onse a anthu ayenera chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom mu chidwi anthu. Live, wapadera zithunzi wowerengeka Lukeria ( "moyo mphamvu"), Arina ( "Ermolai ndi Miller"), Yashka-Turk ( "oimba"), sanali kudziyalutsa ndi anthu, kupereka lingaliro la wogwirizana bala dziko, dera, Cathedral wa anthu Russian. Bwino ndi kuzindikira apamwamba kuti nkhani zonse Turgenev kunena chimodzimodzi. chakuti serfdom otha, ndi kuwonetsedwa Turgenev a zilembo anthu okongola, wapadera, ndipo sangathe ndi tanthauzo akhale kapolo.