Kokoma nkhaka, vwende peyala, kapena Kodi pepino: zipatso kapena masamba?

M'misika ya mayiko ambiri a ku South America, pepino - chipatso chimadziwika ndi chofala, monga momwe tili ndi mbatata. Koma m'mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi Asia, akuyamba kutchuka, komanso ngati mphatso yodabwitsa kwambiri kapena yokhala ndi zokometsera ku mbale za odyera otchuka. M'masitolo athu simukuwona chipatso chotere, koma okonda-wamaluwa kale akukula pazinyumba za nyumba, mu greenhouses komanso ngakhale panja!

Malongosoledwe a zomera

Pepino ndi chipatso cha banja la Paslenov, lomwe limaphatikizapo tomato, eggplant ndi tsabola. Ku South America (kudziko lakwawo) ndi shrub yosatha yomwe ikufanana ndi phwetekere zakutchire ndi masamba obiriwira, masamba ophatikizidwa kwambiri. Chomera ichi mosamala chingathe kufika mamita 1.5 mu msinkhu. Mzu wa pepino ndi wofunika komanso wovuta kwambiri kunthaka kokwanira ndi mpweya.

Pa maluwa, inflorescence amapangidwa - burashi ndi zambiri zofanana ndi maluwa a mbatata. Chomera cha Pepino chimadabwitsa kuti ngakhale pagulu limodzi, zipatso za mtundu wosiyana ndi mawonekedwe angapangidwe - kuchokera ku conical mpaka kuzungulira. Zipatso za zomera izi ndi mabulosi akulemera kuchokera 50 mpaka 700 g. Pakati pake ndi ndege yaing'ono, yodzaza ndi mbewu zing'onozing'ono. Pamphepete mwa phesi, pamwamba pake pamakhala kupsinjika pang'ono. Mu mtundu ndi pepino palibe zipatso zina ndizofanana, chithunzichi pansipa chikutsimikizira izi. Mtundu wa chipatso chokhwima ukhoza kukhala, malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndi kuwala kofiira, ndi mandimu, ndi kirimu, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowala yomwe imapanga kutalika kwake. Sizidziwikiratu kuti zimatchulidwa ndi vwende, monga mchere wonyezimira wotsekemera umafanana ndi fungo la peyala kapena vwende, ndi zipatso zochepa za zipatso zotentha. Lero, obereketsa abweretsa mitundu yatsopano ya pepino, chipatsocho chimakhala ndi fungo la mango.

Zakale za mbiriyakale

Chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XX, nthawi yopanga zinthu zakale kufupi ndi mzinda wa Nazca wa Peru, asayansi adapeza zida zadongo zomwe zinachitika kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka chikwi chimodzi cha BC. E., Kunja mofanana kwambiri ndi zipatso za pepino. Chipatso ichi, mwachiwonekere, sichinali kudziwika kokha, komanso chinalimbikitsidwa ndi Incas zakale.

Ku Ulaya, mchere wa pevoni unabweretsedwa mu 1785 ndi Andre Tuen, yemwe anali munda wa Royal Garden ku Paris. Wofufuza wa ku British William Eaton mu 1789 Pepino anafotokoza ndipo anamupatsa dzina lakuti Solanum muricatum Ait. Zaka zana pambuyo pake a pepin anafika ku Russia ndipo kale mu 1890 adasonyezedwa ku Exhibition ya ku Russia ya St. Petersburg. Poyendera chiwonetserocho, Mfumu ya Russia Yachirasha Alexander III inayamikira chikhalidwe chosazolowereka ndipo inalamula kutulutsa chilolezo - kutumiza mbewu zazitsamba za greenhouses. Kotero chomera chodabwitsa ichi chinalimidwa bwino mpaka October Revolution wa 1917. Kenaka kwa zaka pafupifupi zana zonyezimira zowonongeka zinkangowonongeka, chifukwa zinkalima m'mabotolo ochepa okha monga chiwonetsero cha zokolola za botani.

Ndipo zokoma, ndi zothandiza

Pepino ili ndi mchere wosiyanasiyana, kufufuza zinthu, pectic zinthu, zidulo zamtundu ndi fiber. Chifukwa cha potaziyamu, chipatso ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira matenda okhudza mtima. Kukhalapo mu vwende ya peyala yokwanira mokwanira kosavuta kutayika kwa ayodini kumalola kuti izigwiritsidwe ntchito mu matenda a chithokomiro. Mapepala a Pepino ali ndi asidi otsika komanso otsika kwambiri - ndi othandiza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana. Khungu la chipatso ichi lili ndi anthocyanins, omwe ali ndi anti-inflammatory, antibiotic and anti-cancer properties.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zokolola

Zimatulutsa pepino - ichi ndi chipatso chabwino kwambiri, zithunzi zomwe mungathe kuziwona pansipa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika kuphika. Ndibwino kukumbukira kuti zipatso zopitirira muyeso zimataya kukoma kwawo, koma zatsopano, ndi khungu lolimba, zimatha kusungidwa m'firiji pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Pepino yosagwiritsidwa ntchito imakhala yotalika kwambiri, koma kukoma kokha kumakhala koipitsitsa.

Ku South America, komanso ku Japan, supuni ya vwende imadyedwa mwatsopano monga mchere. Musanayambe kudya ndi chipatso ichi, mosamalitsa peel ndi kuchotsa mbewu kuchokera pachimake cha chipatsocho.

Ku New Zealand, tsabola ya tsabola imaphatikizidwa ku nsomba ndi nyama zakudya, msuzi, sauces ndi mchere wosiyanasiyana, wogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kudzaza kuphika. Komanso, zipatso za vwende zowonongeka zimatha kusungidwa, kuzizira, zouma ndi zophika kuchokera ku compotes, kupanikizana ndi jams. Zipatso za pepino zowonongeka zimayendetsedwa mofanana ndi nkhaka zowonongeka, ndipo zimapanga kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya saladi zamasamba .

Mmene tingakulire mu zikhalidwe zathu?

Olima minda yathu, pophunzira za zothandiza zambiri za zomera, nthawi zambiri amadabwa momwe tingamere pepino kuchokera kwa ife. Ramses ndi Consuelo akuonedwa kuti ndi opambana kwambiri ndipo amasinthidwa kuti tikhale ndi zikhalidwe zathu.

Ma vwende amakula chifukwa cha mbande. Seeding ikuchitika kuchokera kumapeto kwa Januwale kapena kumayambiriro kwa February mu wothira nthaka osakaniza tomato, kukonkha pamwamba ndi pang'ono owazidwa ndi nthaka. Kenaka mutseka mbewuzo ndi galasi kapena filimu. Pambuyo pa mphukira, amawonda, amasiya kwambiri. Pamene mbande zimakula mpaka 15-20 masentimita, iwo amatsina, ndipo atatha kuwoneka ofananira nawo mphukira amaikidwa mu chidebe ndi buku lalikulu. Pambuyo kasupe kubwerera frosts kudutsa, pepino mbande ndi kuziika mu wowonjezera kutentha, kupitiriza kusamalira, monga tomato wamba. Chikhalidwechi sichimakonda kutentha, kutentha kwake kwachokera ku +15 ^о С ku +30 ^о С ndi kutentha kwa mpweya pafupifupi 75%.

Cuttings

Kuwonjezera pa kubereka mbewu, pepino ikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi cuttings. Pachifukwachi, m'pofunika kukhala ndi chomera cha uterine chimene chakhala chapafupi kapena cha loggia. Kuyambira pakati pa February, mukhoza kudula, kudula pamwamba pa mphukira ndi masamba asanu ndi awiri. Onetsetsani kuti muchotse mapepala awiri omwe pansipa, ndipo otsalawo alifupikitsidwa ndi theka kuti achepetse kutuluka kwa madzi. Ngati uterine shrub ndi yaing'ono, ndiye kuti timadula timapezekanso m'munsi mwa mphukira, ndipo timasiya asanu.