Mabaibulo angapo chifukwa Baty sanapite Novgorod

mfundo yogwira kulanda m'mayiko ena mu 12-13 zaka TH anapereka kwa kukula kwa pastoralism woyendayendawu ndi chilakolako kugwila lanthano chuma chosaneneka loyandikana maiko otukuka. Koma ntchito yochotsa Novgorod, Batu sizinachitike. Popeza wongosamukasamuka osabala kanthu koma chakudya zosowa zawo, zapamwamba iwo wapabanja kapena njira ya malonda, kapena (amene ankakonda) mu ndondomeko ya looting ndi kuba. Mu maiko oyandikana, ku Mongolia anaona kufooka ndi nkhwidzi mkati, n'zotheka kuyamba nkhondo yogonjetsa anali angwiro. Tiyeni tione chifukwa chake Baty sanapite Novgorod.

Makulidwe katundu Genghis Khan cha m'ma 13

Great mphamvu Khan a analanda mbali zotsatirazi:

• Central ndi Middle Asia.
• Kumwera Siberia.
• Khorezm pakati pa maufumu awiri.
• North Caucasus.
• Anagonjetsa Chijojiya-Chiameniya asilikali ndi Alans.
• Nyanja ya Azov.
• Chirasha anagonjetsa Polovets kucheza pa p. Kalka.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya Genghis Khan mu 1227 umwini wa Mongol Ufumu unagawidwa ulus angapo. Olamulira kukhala ana ake ndi zidzukulu.

Zochita za Mongolian ulendo ku West

Zimene anagonjetsa dera Russian anapangidwa msonkhano onse a Mongol otchuka (Kurultai) mu 1235. Mongolia bwino kukonzekera nkhondo. akalonga angapo, ndi akazembe, ndi nukers bwino analanda mbali mu izi Nkhondo yaitali. Monga kumadzulo ufumu kukhala wongosamukasamuka anapita Batu, mdzukulu wa Genghis Khan, iye anatsogolera kampeni m'mayiko amenewa wolemera. Cholinga cha zinali Eastern Europe.

Chiyambi cha nkhondo ya Batu

Pofuna kuteteza kumbuyo kwake, Batu anagonjetsa mafuko Polovtsian choyamba, kenako anawononga Volga Bulgaria. boma ali unatha. Mu 1237 asilikali woyendayendawu anapita pa North-East Russia. Asilikaliwa kuwotchedwa pa kuwukira ndi mwankhanza anawononga mizinda zotsatirazi:

• Ryazan anagwa patapita kuzinga sabata.
• Nsembe Kolomna, Tver, Pereyaslavl, Moscow.
• Patapita masiku 4 ozungulira mzindawo, anadzasokoneza natentha Vladimir.
• masabata 2 alimba mtima anakaniza, koma ndiye anagwa Torzhok.

A nambala yaikulu midzi yaikulu ndi yaing'ono ya North-East la Russia inawonongedwa, pamodzi ndi anthu pa yophukira-yozizira zaka 1237-1238 nthawi. Isanayambike mvula masika alephera kusuntha ngolo kwambiri pa malo a matope anakhala zifukwa Baty sanapite Novgorod. Asilikaliwa siinafike mzinda ena 100 Km.

Nkhondo yachiwiri ya asilikali Batu a

Anapitiriza asilikali analanda chaka chotsatira, kachiwiri mu yophukira-yozizira. Iye anagwira Crimea, adagwa ndi anatenthedwa Kiev, Galich, Vladimir-Volyn, mizinda ina ya kum'mwera ndi kumadzulo kwa Russia. Batu ndiye anagawa asilikali ake. Part anapita ku Poland ndi Hungary, winayo - kwa gombe Baltic.

Chifukwa Baty sanapite Novgorod? Chifukwa asilikali ake anasamukira ku mbali inayo. Mzinda Sandomierz, Lublin, Kraków, Wroclaw. Ankhondo Polish ndi German anagonjetsedwa. Mongol khamu wotanganidwa Hungary, Austria, Croatia, Dalmatia, Czech Republic, anabwera Vienna, kuyandikira Venice. Wogonjetsa adani Europe Batu anathyola, ndi zambiri analandira za imfa ya Khan Udegeya ku Karakorum. Komabe, si kubwerera ku Mongolia, Batu Khan anakhazikitsa boma pa Volga m'munsi wakuti Zolotaya Orda. malire ake anatambasula ku Danube kwa Irtysh.

Koma nanga bwanji Novgorod?

The funso liti Baty analanda Novgorod, ali yankho limodzi: izo sizinachitike. The chachiwiri Mongol kuwukira sanali kampeni umodzi. Batu anatsogolera kulanda madera anamwazikana mndandanda wa kuukira. Khan, kuwonetsera mphamvu za asilikali ankhondo ake, analimbikitsa mzinda kugonjera Nuker ake. Only amakana anakaniza midzi anawonongedwa.

Kudzipereka anagonja kuthetsa analipira indemnity Khan akavalo, chakudya ndi chakudya. Komanso, asilikali a wongosamukasamuka ndi ng'ombe zawo ndi ngolo kaŵirikaŵiri nkhondo mawu a zigwembe, nkhalango, mitsinje ndi zithaphwi. Ndicho m'madambo ndi masika m'firiji pamtunda kachiwiri kuletsa ndawala Batu Novgorod ndipo anathandiza mzinda waukulu kukhala angaloŵe.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, Novgorod otchedwa kutetezela Ankhondo a Livonia atalanda North-West la Russia, Aleksandra Nevskogo. Mwina pamaso pa kazembe wamng'ono uyu ndi gulu komanso zinathandiza kwambiri kupulumutsa mzinda kuchokera anawazunza nomad.

Baibulo lina la yankho la funso za chifukwa Baty sanapite Novgorod, limanena kuti nyengo yozizira m'midzi Russian ndi pafupifupi ayi nkhokwe za chakudya cha nyama. Akuwononga kumudzi, kutenga okonzekera wamba yozizira udzu, wongosamukasamuka kudyetsedwa akavalo awo ndi ng'ombe. Atoma kulimira m'dera nkhondo, monga panalibe kanthu kudyetsa ziweto zawo.