Kuchepetsa Chinthu ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya zamoyo: kuwala, madzi, kutentha

Ndithudi aliyense wa ife mwazindikira momwe zomera za mtundu womwewo akuchuluka mu nkhalango, koma lotseguka malo chisoni. Kapena Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ina ya nyama ndi ambiri, pamene ena n'zochepa kwambiri pamene zinthu zooneka ngati zofanana. zamoyo zonse Earth mulimonse amamvera malamulo yake. Kuphunzira chikuchita ndi zachilengedwe. Imodzi mwa mfundo zofunika - Liebig malamulo osachepera (Kuchepetsa chinthu).

Kuchepetsa chinthu zachilengedwe: ndichiyani?

German sayansi ndi woyambitsa wa umagwirira zaulimi, Professor Yusto Von Liebig, apeza zinthu zambiri. Mmodzi yotchuka kwambiri ndipo anazindikira - anapeza chofunika malamulo a zachilengedwe: ndi kuchepetsa chinthu. Iwo anali kukonza mu 1840, ndipo kenako wodzilemekeza ndiponso zowombetsa mkota Shelford. Lamulo limati kuti aliyense chamoyo amoyo kwambiri ndi chimene kwakukulukulu kumbali kusiya kufunika kwake akadakwanitsira. M'mawu ena, pali nyama kapena mbewu zimadalira mwamphamvu (osachepera kapena pazipita) chikhalidwe cha makamaka. Anthu amapezeka mu moyo wake ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za zinthu Kuchepetsa.

"Mosungira Liebig"

Kuchepetsa Chinthu ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya zamoyo, angakhale osiyana. Anakonza lamulo akadali chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ulimi. Yu.Libih anapeza kuti mbewu zokolola zimatengera makamaka thunthu mchere (michere), kwambiri ofooka anafotokoza mu nthaka. Mwachitsanzo, ngati asafe m'nthaka okha 10% ya ndalama chofunika, ndi phosphorous - 20%, chinthu Kuchepetsa chitukuko cha wabwinobwino, - chosowa membala choyamba. Choncho, nthaka ayenera poyamba kukhala asafe feteleza. Mtengo pazipita ndi lamulo anamvetsetsa wakhala amafotokozedwa otchedwa "Mosungira Liebig" (onani chithunzi pamwambapa). Kwenikweni ake ali kuti pamene kudzaza chidebe madzi akuyamba chako, komwe bolodi yayifupi, ndi kutalika zina sanachite kanthu kwambiri.

madzi

Chinthu Ichi kwambiri wovuta komanso lofunika kuposa ena. Madzi - maziko a moyo, monga kusewera yofunika kwambiri mu moyo wa Gawo limodzi ndi lonse chamoyo. Kukhalabe kuchuluka kwake pa mlingo bwino - mmodzi wa ntchito yaikulu thupi la zomera kapena nyama iliyonse. Madzi monga chinthu chimodzi kuzikhala kovuta kuti moyo, chifukwa yogawa m'goli madzi padziko Lapansi lonse chaka. Pa kusanduka, zamoyo ambiri ndinazolowera ntchito ndalama ya madzi, kuona chirimwe matalala kapena quiescent. Ambiri kwambiri Chinthu ichi ndi zimenenso m'zipululu ndi theka-chipululu, kumene nyama ndi zomera patalipatali kwambiri ndi wapadera.

kuwala

Lilinkudza dzuwa cheza mu mawonekedwe a kuwala amapereka ndondomeko zonse zofunika mu dziko. Zamoyo zofunika timaganiza ake, nthawi yopeza, mphamvu ya kuwala kwa magetsi. Malinga zolozerazi anatengera lake kwa zinthu zachilengedwe. Monga chinthu chimodzi chimene kukuchepetsa kukhalako, ndi pacimake ku deepwater lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, ambabzala pa akuya 200 mamita palibe chibwenzi yaitali. Pamodzi ndi kuyatsa zake n'zothandizanso "ntchito" zinthu osachepera awiri kuchepetsa kuthamanga ndi ndende oxygen. Izi zikhoza inadzudzula Nkhalango zotentha za America South monga yabwino kwambiri pa moyo wa gawo.

yozungulira kutentha

Ndi palibe chinsinsi kuti njira zonse zokhudza thupi mu thupi, zimadalira kunja ndi mkati kutentha. Ndi ambiri a mitundu ndinazolowera osiyanasiyana mwachilungamo yopapatiza (15-30 ° C). Pacimake kudalira m'kukoma zamoyo zomwe sangathe paokha kukhalabe zonse thupi kutentha, mwachitsanzo, nyama zokwawa (zokwawa). Mu ndondomeko ya kusanduka anapanga ya zipangizo zimene zingathe kugonjetsa chinthu zochepa. Choncho, evaporation wa madzi pa yotentha kupewa kutenthedwa ya zomera kumatheka mwa stomata, ndi nyama - kudzera pakhungu ndi dongosolo kupuma, komanso makhalidwe khalidwe (zobisika mu mithunzi, mayenje, etc.).

Mankhwala oipitsa

Mtengo wa chinthu anthu sayenera saganizira. Mazana angapo otsiriza munthu olemba ndi mofulumira patsogolo luso, chitukuko mofulumira mafakitale. Zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti mpweya mu matupi madzi, nthaka ndi mlengalenga awonjezera ndi kangapo. Kumvetsa zimene chinthu malire wina kapena mtundu wina, n'zotheka pokhapokha zofufuza lapansi. Zimenezi akufotokoza mfundo yakuti zosiyanasiyana m'madera payekha kapena zigawo zasintha kupitirira kuzindikira. Zamoyo azolowere ndi kusintha ena m'malo mwa ena.

Zonsezi - zinthu zikuluzikulu kuchepetsa moyo. Kuwonjezera izi, pali ena ambiri omwe sangathe enumerate. Aliyense mtundu ndipo ngakhale munthu wapadera, kotero zinthu Kuchepetsa adzakhala osiyanasiyana ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa mumapezeka nsomba zofunika kuchuluka kwa mpweya kusungunuka mu madzi zomera - ndi Mkhalidwe ndi kachulukidwe zikuchokera mungu tizilombo etc.

zamoyo zonse ndi malire a chipiriro pa chimodzi kapena chinthu china chimene Kuchepetsa. Ena lonse njala, pamene ena - yopapatiza. Malinga chizindikiro ichi ndi kusiyanitsa eurybionts stenobiont. Choyamba amatha kulekerera lalikulu matalikidwe oscillations zinthu zosiyana Kuchepetsa. Mwachitsanzo, nkhandwe wamba anthu ambiri ku steppe ndi Titafika pamalo, mimbulu, etc. Stenobiont mosiyana ndi zimenezi, amatha kupirira kusinthasintha yopapatiza, zikuphatikizapo pafupifupi onse zomera rainforest.