Georgia: The malo a gawo popanda Abkhazia ndi South Ossetia

Limodzi la mayiko South Caucasus ndi Georgia. M'dera la dera la kuti boma munkhaniyi sadamutsate kamodzi anasintha. Ndipo tsopano dziko uno umalamulidwa ayi dziko lonse ankati ndi. zigawo Komabe, akalozera ambiri deta kwenikweni kusalankhula kuoneka ngati Georgia. Area dera popanda Abkhazia ndi South Ossetia akadali zambiri zogwirizana ndi zinthu zenizeni. Tidziwitseni m'dera la dziko popanda mayiko awa ndi mmene m'gawo lake aumbike.

Mbiri ya dera la Georgia

Mmodzi wa limati wamkulu mu Transcaucasia ndi Georgia. M'dera la dziko uyu kusanduka pa zaka mazana, ndipo ngakhale zaka.

Loyamba limati mu Georgia anaonekera kalekale. Zinali Colchis (kuphimba Black Sea gombe) ndi dera la Iberia (pamalowa). Posachedwapa, boma unakhazikitsidwa mu BC III m'zaka Inali pakati pa dziko ndipo anali phata imene Georgia anapanga m'tsogolo.

Malo a boma anali pafupifupi theka la gawo Chijojiya. Magwero kenako dera la Iberia akuyamba kunena kuti ufumu wa Kartli. Mu I. BC Mafumu a dera la Iberia ndipo Colchis kuzindikira kudalira awo pa Rome. Mu zoyambirira za IV m'ma BC mu Kartli (dera la Iberia), Christianity wobwezera chipembedzo cha boma.

Patapita zaka zambiri, m'dera la Georgia anali bwino analigaŵa m'zigawo za chikoka cha Byzantium (Colchis) ndi Perisiya (dera la Iberia). Nthawi zina ngakhale malo awa linasiiratu paokha anali gawo la limati tatchulazi. Pakati pa VII m'ma Aluya kugonjetsa Persia ndi ambiri Georgia. Kwathunthu kuchotsa Aluya Georgia anakwanitsa okha X atumwi.

Koma pambuyo yomenyera Aluya Georgia anali ambiri limati palokha. Phatikizani iwo mu mphamvu anatha olamulira a Mafumu Bagratuni, amene poyamba anali malamulo mu ufumu wa Tao Klarjeti. Mafumu a mafumu uyu anali wokhoza kutulutsa Aluya ku Tbilisi ndi mzinda uwu ngati likulu lawo. Pambuyo pake, iwo pamodzi magawo a masiku ano Georgia, ndipo ngakhale sanachedwe kuvomereza pansi, osati mu lamakono Chijojiya.

Mphamvu chachikulu cha Georgia anapeza pansi Mfumu Davide mmisiri ndi Mfumukazi Tamara (XII-XIII atumwi), nthawi ya ulamuliro wa yogonjera ndi amavomereza kuti mafumu a Ufumu wa Trebizond. Iwo unali m'badwo golide wa mphamvu za ndale ndi chikhalidwe anayamba wakhalapo Georgia. M'dera la madera ake adaguduka malire a malire lero.

Koma kanthu amakhala kwamuyaya. Pambuyo Golden Age anayamba Imfa makangano pakati pa anthu a nyumba ya Ahabu. Chijojiya boma mphamvu kugwedezeka nkhondo Mongol mu 20 ntchentche za m'ma XIII. Pomaliza, mafumu Chijojiya anazindikira m'manja ndi asilikaliwa ndipo anavomera kupereka msonkho. Pomaliza wosweka United Chijojiya boma mndandanda za zipambano za ku Central Asia wolamulira Tamerlane. maulendo Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti kutopa lathunthu la chuma Chijojiya ndipo azingokhala ake mu madera osiyanasiyana matanthauzo palokha. M'kupita kwa nthawi, ambiri a maukulu anali kuzindikira m'manja Ufumu wa Ottoman kapena ndi Aperisiya Safavid. Pa gawo la Georgia unachitikira kulimbana izi monarchies uwiri. Pomaliza, panganoli mtendere lalembedwa mu zaka za m'ma XVI, ndi ukulu wa Kakheti ndi Kartli dera anapatsidwa Persia, ndi Imereti - a Ottoman.

Mu XVII atumwi ku Caucasus kuona latsopano wamphamvu boma - pa Russian Ufumu. Pa nkhani za nkhondo ndi Ottoman ndi Perisiya kuti amakhazikitsa ulamuliro yaikulu ya Caucasus. Nthawiyi, Kartli ndi Kakheti ukulu ogwirizana mu boma limodzi. Wolamulira wa ufumu wogwirizana wa Kartli-Kakheti Heraclius II ilandira 1783 ndi Russian nzika. Ndipo mu 1801, pambuyo pa imfa ya mfumu Georgia otsatira a Kartli-Kakheti boma mbali yomaliza ya Russian Ufumu.

Tsopano, ngati mbali ya Ufumu, madera ano Chijojiya anali mbali ya Tiflis ndi Kutaisi zigawo, ziri zogwirizana ndi gawo la Kartli-Kakheti ndi Imereti maufumu, komanso malo mzinda wa Batumi.

Mapangidwe boma Chijojiya m'malire zamakono

Georgia dera, ziri imodzimodzi ndi malire ake panopa, anapanga atagwa Mafumu mu Russian ufumu mu 1917. Kale mu November 1917 mu Tiflis (ano Tbilisi) anali anasonkhana Transcaucasian Commissariat, lomwe ndi mgwirizano wa maiko a Transcaucasia Government (Georgia, Armenia ndi Azerbaijan).

Mu April 1918, Transcaucasian Democratic Republic Federative anakhazikitsa maziko ace. Koma mu May, opanikizika boma la Turkey lagawidwa mayiko atatu ufulu wina umene unali Democratic Republic of Georgia. M'dera la dera la State chimakwirira osati Georgia zamakono Abkhazia ndi South Ossetia, komanso mbali ya Armenia ndi Turkey. Ndi mphamvu imeneyi ndi statehood la Georgia ano.

Komabe, zinatha kanthawi kochepa. Kale mu 1921, asilikali Bolshevik wotanganidwa Georgia. Pali unakhazikitsidwa Chijojiya Soviet Socialist Republic ndi likulu ku Tbilisi. Mu chaka chomwecho Adjara SSR anazindikiritsidwa monga phunziro la GSPC. Kutengera pa mapeto a Union Pangano, ndi Abkhazian SSR ndi gawo la Georgia, ndipo patatha chaka anapanga china Authority - South Ossetian Autonomous Region. Komanso mu 1922 Chijojiya SSR, Chiameniya SSR ndi Azerbaijan SSR anapanga chitaganya - TSFSR. Kumapeto kwa 1922, gawo lotsiriza la USSR. Komabe, mu 1936 TSFSR unatha ndipo onse mayiko atatu anali mbali ya ubale, kuphatikizapo Georgia, ndi nzika mwachindunji wa USSR.

Cha m'ma 80 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, Georgia ndi limodzi mwa mayiko woyamba walunjika secession ku USSR. Zimenezi zinanenedwa ndi Council Wamkulukulu wa Republic mu 1989 pamene asilikali a Soviet odukaduka masewera, adamfunsa secession Georgia ku Soviet Union. Mu April 1991, Georgia ananena kupatukana kwake kwathunthu ku Soviet Union.

Gawo yoyenda yokha ya Chijojiya SSR - Abkhaz ASSR ndi South Ossetian Autonomous District, ankafunabe USSR. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti mkangano Georgia ndi asilikali a mayiko amenewa. Nkhondo akhoza anasiya okha mu 1993, kudzera kuyimira kwa Russia ndi kutumizgika okhazikitsa mtendere chimadalira. Ndipotu, South Ossetia ndi Abkhazia anakhala limati palokha, ngakhale mwalamulo mfundo imeneyi sichinayambe anazindikira mwa dziko lililonse padziko lapansi. Georgia anapitiriza kuwerenga deta ya m'gawo lake.

Mbali zamakono

Mu 2008, latsopano nkhondo inayambika pakati Georgia pa dzanja limodzi, ndi Abkhazia ndi South Ossetia, ndi Russia - pa ena. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kusagwirizanako, Georgia linasiiratu kulamulira South Ossetia ndi Abkhazia, lomwe ndi boma boma anazindikira mwa Russia.

Mu mapangidwe imeneyi ya m'dziko la Georgia mu mawonekedwe monga lilili tsopano, yatha. N'chifukwa chake lero n'komwe pamene kuwerengetsa m'dera la Georgia popanda Abkhazia ndi South Ossetia.

M'dera ya m'dziko la Georgia

Tsopano ndi nthawi koma kudziwa zimene Georgia malo mamita lalikulu. Km popanda Abkhazia ndi South Ossetia. Choncho, kupeza yankho la funso limeneli.

Malo okwana Georgia ndi madera zonse zimene Baibulo likunena ndi 69,7 thous. Km ^2. Malinga ndi chizindikiro ichi dziko akuchita malo nambala 119 mu dziko. Koma ndife wofunika kwambiri m'dera Georgia mu mamita lalikulu. Km. popanda South Ossetia ndi Abkhazia.

Popeza kuti dera la Abkhazia ndi 8,6 zikwi Km ^{2 ndi} gawo la South Ossetia - .. 3,9 zikwi Km ^2, n'kosavuta okwana m'dera lawo - 12,5 zikwi Km ^{2 ..} Choncho, Georgia dera popanda zigawo deta ya 57,2 zikwi. ^Km2. Izi ndi 122 TH malo pakati pa mitundu yonse ya dziko.

anthu

Tidapeza Georgia ili pa malo kukula kulikonse. Malo a gawo ndi anthu onse m'dzikomo - ndi zogwirizana kwambiri magawo. Choncho, bwinobwino, timaphunzira angapo okhala m'dzikoli Transcaucasian.

Panopa anthu boma 3729,5 zikwi. M'dzikoli. zana ndi thirtieth malo pa chizindikiro ichi ali pakati pa mayiko ena a dziko, Georgia. Area ndi anthu limati Transcaucasian anapatsidwa mosatengera kuti Abkhazia ndi South Ossetia.

kachulukidwe wa anthu

Kudziwa zizindikiro izi kwa anthu ndi madera dziko, n'zosavuta kuwerengera, ndi osalimba a anthu a Georgia. Pakadali ndi anthu 68. 1 sq. Km.

Yerekezerani osalimba a anthu mu maiko oyandikana Azerbaijan ndi Armenia ali, motero, 111 ndi 101,5 anthu / sq. M. Km. Choncho, mlingo mu Georgia n'chakuti poyerekeza wa maiko oyandikana.

The zikuchokera anthu

Tsopano tiyeni tiyang'ane pa zikuchokera mitundu ndi zipembedzo za anthu okhala pa gawo la Georgia, ndiye, anthu kuti agwilitse malo a dziko.

Kodi mitundu Georgia. Oterewa 83,4% ya chonse cha anthu a Georgia osaphatikiza Abkhazia ndi South Ossetia. Izi amadziwika monga dziko ndi predominance kwambiri wa mtundu wina. Malo achiwiri chiwerengero cha Azerbaijanis azikhala - 6.7%, kenako Chiameniya - 5,7%. Koma Russian kale zomwe zikutsalirazi chiwerengero cha mafuko tatchulazi. cholowa chawo chili 1,9 yekha%. Ossetians m'dziko la 1%.

Onse mitundu ina zokhala Georgia, zosakwana 1% ya chonse cha anthu. Zikuphatikizapo Yezidis (Kurds), Ukrainians, Agiriki Chechens, Avars, Kistinians, Abkhaz, Asuri ndi ena mitundu ina.

Ambiri a ku Georgia Mkhristu Orthodox - 83,4%. Angapo komanso ndi Asilamu, makamaka Adjara - 10,7%. Mwa magulu ena achipembedzo ayenera kuonetsetsa atsogoleri a chipembedzowo wa Chiameniya Apostolic, Akatolika, Achiprotestanti, Yezidis, Mboni za Yehova, Ayuda.

utsogoleri magawano

Tsopano tiyeni tipeze chimene mayunitsi Kupititsa anagawa ano Georgia. boma Zimenezi tichipeza 9 m'mbali (mhare), wina yoyenda yokha Republic (Adjara) ndi mzinda wina yothandiza dziko (Tbilisi). Komanso, mwalamulo gawo la Georgia malinga ndi malamulo ake, AP zikuphatikizapo Abkhazia, koma kwenikweni m'dera la Georgia Kodi kudziletsa.

Mndandanda wa m'mbali naini motere: Samtskhe-Javakheti, Racha-Lechkhumi ndi wotsika Svaneti, Imereti, Guria, Samegrelo-Upper Svaneti, Kakheti, Mtskheta-Mtianeti, Shida Kartli, Kvemo Kartli.

Komanso, mayunitsi loyang'anira dongosolo apamwamba (m'mbali komanso mayiko yoyenda yokha), anawagawa mayunitsi loyang'anira kuti m'munsi (mizinda yambiri ndi mizinda ya Republican) mtengo (dera). Pa mphindi, ndi malamulo Georgia wotetezedwa pamaso pa mizinda yambiri 67 ndi midzi khumi ndi zinayi zofunika dera. Koma kwenikweni m'manja mwa Georgia ndi mizinda yambiri 59 okha ndi 11 midzi mmphepete.

Tikumbukenso kuti mabungwe utsogoleri, omwe tsopano amatchedwa mizinda yambiri, anaitanidwa monga mwa Soviet Union, malo mpaka 2006.

M'dera la zigawo munthu wa Georgia

Tsopano tiyeni tipeze chimene gawo ndi wotanganidwa alendo m'madera amene ali mbali ya maphunziro onse monga Georgia. M'dera la Autonomous Republic of Adjara, lomwe likulu lake mu mzinda wa Batumi limene lili mu kwambiri kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa Georgia, ndi 2.9 Nchito zikwi. Km ^2.

Kudera la Samegrelo-Upper Svaneti ili mu gawo kumpoto-kumadzulo kwa Georgia, kumalire ndi Abkhazia pa dera la 7.4 zikwi. Km ^2. Mudzi waukulu wa m'chigawo cha Zugdidi.

The likulu mzinda wa m'mphepete mwa Guria Ozurgeti. Izi wagawo Kupititsa ali ndi malo a 2.0 zikwi. Km ² ndi ili kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa dziko.

Kudera la Racha-Lechkhumi ndi wotsika Svaneti lili kumpoto kwa dziko pa dera la 4.6 zikwi. Km ^2. Mudzi waukulu pali mzinda wa Ambrolauri.

Kudera, dzina limafanana ndi dzina la ufumu wakale wa Imereti, ali ndi malo a 6,6 zikwi. Km ² ndipo lili m'chigawo chapakati cha Georgia ndi anasintha kumadzulo. Likulu la dera, mzinda wa Kutaisi.

Region ndi zovuta wotchedwa Samtskhe-Javakheti ali ndi malo ofanana kwa 6.4 thous. Km ^2. Ili m'mphepete mwa kum'mwera kwa dziko. Mudzi waukulu Akhaltsikhe pano.

M'mphepete Shida Kartli ali ndi malo a 4.8 zikwi. ^Km2. Mudzi waukulu m'chigawo - Gori. Ndi dera kumpoto chapakati Georgia kumalire ndi South Ossetia. Mu malamulo a Georgia, pafupifupi theka la dera la dera ndi kum'mwera Ossetian dziko, ndipo ambiri a South Ossetia ali gawo la izo ndi m'mphepete mwa Shida Kartli. Koma mawerengedwe a m'dera a dera ili, ife moganizira okha dera, ngakhale olamulidwa ndi akuluakulu Chijojiya.

Dera ndi dzina ndakatulo ya Mtskheta-Mtianeti m'gawo kukula kwa 6.8 zikwi. Km ^{2 ili} kumpoto, kum'mawa Georgia, koma asaaonerera 5,8 thous. Km ^2, monga onse a m'dera la South Ossetia. Mudzi waukulu wa dera - Mtskheta.

M'mphepete Kvemo Kartli lili kum'mwera kum'mawa Georgia. Iwo ali ndi malo ofanana kwa 6.5 zikwi. ^Km2. The likulu - Rustavi.

Kakheti Region lili ambiri a kum'mawa kwa dzikoli. Iye ali ndi kukula wofanana 11,3 thous. Km ^2. The likulu mzinda wa Telavi pano.

City kwambiri m'dziko Tbilisi alinso gawo lakelake. Iye, ndithudi, laling'ono kwambiri m'dera m'mbali ndipo ndi chabe 720 Km ^2. Chiwerengero cha anthu mu likulu la Georgia ndi miliyoni 1.1. Anthu. mzinda ili m'chigawo chapakati cha boma ndi kuchepetsa kwa kum'mwera chakum'mawa.

Motero, monga taonera pa malo waukulu ali m'mphepete zigawo Georgia Kahetija (11.3 zikwi. Km ²⁾ ndi chapamwamba-m'mphepete Samegrelo Svanetiya (7.4 TH. ² km). Zazing'ono dera la zigawo Georgia, mosatengera kuti mzinda wa Tbilisi State mfundo Guria Region (2.0 thous. Km ²⁾ ndipo Adjara Autonomous Republic (2.9 Nchito thous. Km ^2).

Poti akukhudzidwira

Ife tikudziwa chimene zikwi m'dera Georgia. Km2. Kudziwa chizindikiro amafunika kudziwa chinthu chimodzi chofunika kwambiri. Pali malo amene atchulidwa monga boma Tbilisi kuti Chijojiya, koma siti kwenikweni kulamulira Georgia. M'dera la dziko, motero, magwero Chijojiya mopambanitsa poyerekeza ndi boma lenileni la zinthu.

Motero, taona kuti panthawi m'dera la dziko, mosatengera kwenikweni amavutitsa South Ossetia ndi Abkhazia, ndi 57,2 zikwi. Km ^2.