Kukakomana ndi MS 21 watsopano Russian yonyamula

Pang'ono tsopano amadziwa kuti mawu akuti "ndege" anayambitsa Futurist ndakatulo Vasily Kamensky. Ngati si iyeyo, ife tsopano ndege, monga anthu onse ena a dzikoli, pa ndege, pa nthawi yomweyo, iwo akhala kugwirizana nafe ndi "Nieuport" ndi "Farman" Pa First World nkhondo. Tsopano ndi nthawi kukumbukira kuti Russia akhale ake onse, ndi mawu ndi ntchito. Ndipo wina liners, nayenso. June 8 unachitikira ulaliki wa latsopano ndege Russian zonyamula MS 21. Mu Irkutsk, nduna anafika pa mwambowu.

Russian kumwamba dzulo ndi lero

Soviet ndege wamba (osanenapo usilikali) mu zosatheka wolephera Anzawo Western, umboni ndi gawo lawo yofunika kwambiri msika ndege padziko lonse. Izo zikhoza kukhala ngati osati zochitika za ndale. Komabe, pamenepa ndipo tsopano sangathawe, ndipo vuto ndi kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zoweta, osachepera, Russian ndege ndi zina yachilendo. Pakali pano kumwamba nthawi zambiri mukhoza kuona "Boeing", "Airbus", "Fokker" kapena aliyense Canada "Bombardier" kuposa makina kapangidwe Tupolev ndi Ilyushin amasinthira. Kumene, aliyense njira zofunika ndege ya mtundu wake, kutalika ndi magalimoto galimotolo motero, koma MC 21 chotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse ndi kagawo kakang'ono sing'anga-liners, kupereka m'mayiko pafupifupi onse anayamba waukulu otaya anthu. Komanso, mtundu uwu ndi abwino kwa mayendedwe a zosintha. Iye, osalephera, adzakhala ndi kupitiriza opanga zakunja zoweta (osati) msika.

Zofunika ndi chiwembu

Kupatula mtengo mkulu chifukwa aerodynamics kwambiri ndi ntchito ya umisiri wamakono, kuphatikizapo zipangizo sayansi, yonyamula MS 21 Chofanana waukulu zinthu zilili tsogolo makampani padziko lonse ndege. Iwo amatha kuyenda pang'onopang'ono imathamanga mkulu subsonic, anamanga malinga chiwembu chakale cha wozama monoplane ndi phiko yosesa ndi injini awiri, inaimitsidwa pa pylons. The fuselage ali zozungulira mtanda gawo, mchira ndi mwambo. Kunja kwa ndegeyo palibe chosintha, kamangidwe ndi wofanana ndi umene ankagwiritsa ntchito ndi makampani ambiri patsogolo. Machine kutalika - 11,5 m, kutalika 42,3 m, pazipita osiyanasiyana yosayima ndege - 5,9-6 zikwi Km.. malingana kusinthidwa ndi

zosintha

Ngakhale mzere amapereka zitsanzo wiri zokha basi. MS-21-200 ndege mipando okwera 135 kwa 176, chosankha komaliza pa mayikidwe a mipando adzakhala kulandiridwa ndi makasitomala, malingana ndi makonda klassnosti okonzera, amene lagawidwa "malonda" zone ndi "chuma". Mulimonse, chitonthozo anapereka alandiridwa. MS-21-300 Masinthidwe kunja ngakhale zina zosiyana ooneka enieni fuselage zoyenera kwa anthu 163 ndi 221 mmenemo. Motero, yosayima ndege nthawi ya makilomita wake zana zochepa. mipando yonse ndi zabwino kwambiri, ndi kuwonjezera kumbuyo wokwera pakati zosangalatsa tsopano kuti ali ponseponse. Zosintha alinso avionics osiyana, navigation ndi zipangizo zina.

Kutukula ndi opanga

yonyamula linakonzedwa mu NPK "Irkut" mogwirizana ndi Bureau dzina lake. Yakovlev, ndi lachiwiri mu mbiri ya watsopano Russian ntchito (pambuyo Lachiwiri-204), kwathunthu akuyendera 1991 pa maziko a wapadera ndi woyamba cha m'ma XXI. Ponena m'munsi kupanga ndi mankhwala mgwirizano zolimba. Choncho, pa Ulyanovsk ndege zomera pambuyo Launch ija adzakhala mkati mwa kanyumba, liza ndi kupenta makina ndi zomwe zagwiridwa yobereka mwachindunji kwa makasitomala. Pa fakitale "Aviastar" akufuna kumasula mapanelo cladding wa fuselage, ndipo ntchito msonkhano. Ambiri, vuto nawo Ltd. "Vaso", JSC "AeroComposite" SRC malangizo zakudya "Technology", JSC "Rusaviainterer" ndi makampani ena makampani.

mapulani yopanga

Woyamba buku makina, mpukutu-kunja zomwe zachitika kale, opangidwa kwathunthu pa Irkutsk Aviation Bzalani. The ndege yoyamba zakonzedwa Patapita chaka chino, kuŵeta adzayamba mu lotsatira, ndiyeno adzayamba makontena kwa makasitomala. Pa chitsimikizo cha pulezidenti wa bungweli "Irkut" Oleg Demchenko, ndi MS 21 mpikisano si zoopsa lili ndi ubwino zambiri zoonekeratu, onse luso ndi mtengo. Malangizo kwa ndegeyo ali, pa magazini 175 (malinga ndi kafukufuku wina kale pa 186), iwo ali kale zaavansirovany, ndipo pofika mu 2020 dongosolo adzakhala makope 40 chaka. makina nzeru chidwi a ndege ambiri, kuphatikizapo kumene, "Aeroflot".

cockpit

Cockpit anachita chibwenzi ntchito kusonyezedwa ergonomic, kupereka zotsatira za "makoma mandala", ndi joystick lingafanane waya kulamulira. Adalira tichipeza awiri, ndege yoyamba ndi yachiwiri, koma, ndithudi, ndege atumikiwo amene bwino ntchito zachuma. Kutheka kwa zida navigation ndi lalitali kwambiri, ndi ochuluka a dongosolo chida Russia.

injini

Poyamba airframe lakonzedwa kuti n'zotheka injini wathunthu zosagwiritsa mitundu iwiri, ndi American "Pratt ndi Whitney» PW1000G kapena zoweta PD 14 chopangidwa ndi JSC "ndege Engine" imene akukuta ndi kutha nthawi. mota Russian ayenera kupereka Mwachangu ngati kuti palokha kukwaniritsa makampani ndege. Ndi chiyambi cha ulimi wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mayunitsi mphamvu, kenako ntchito ndege zina, kuphatikizapo "Superjet 100" Sukhoi panopa kumumanga m'mitolo Chirasha French PowerJet SaM146. Pa Mwachitsanzo unkakhazikitsidwa injini American. njira Universal bwino zinthu mpikisano wa ndege MS 21.

Mpikisano ndi ubwino

Tsopano chinthu chachikulu, ndicho cha zinthu zimene zingathe Ngopambana kusonyeza chidaliro "Irkut" mu kaonedwe yapafupi mbiri. Mpikisano mu msika wa kupanga ndege panopa mkulu, ngakhale kutenga nkhani kukula ntchito mu ankafuna kawiri pa zaka akubwera, gawo la ndege osakwatiwa-kanjira ndi mphamvu makhalidwe a anthu oposa zana. chitukuko zimayesetsa kulengeza Bombardier (C zino), Airbus, Boeing, ndipo ngakhale olimba Chinese "Komaki" ngakhale China anali kale ankaona kutsogolera mphamvu ndege. Komanso, "Irkut" zikuoneka pang'ono mochedwa ndi zachilendo ake, kulola zaka mpikisano wa ochepa kuti mabuku dongosolo.

Apitirira misika dziko "Superjet" mbali Russian wapanga angapo amalakwa, ndipo tsopano ndi nthawi yosanthula bwino iwo, kuti si kubwereza. Choncho, choyamba ndi mtengo, zidzakhala zosakwana $ 30 mln. Womwe ndi mlingo lero osachepera. chotsatirachi zimatheka chifukwa chakuti oposa theka la zigawo zikuluzikulu chopangidwa mu Russia. Chachiwiri, mosiyana milandu yapita zinalephereka adzakhululukidwa anakhazikitsa dongosolo bwino za luso pambuyo-malonda thandizo ntchito. Chachitatu, kukonza ndi mafuta ndalama wogula kapena lendi kwa pangano ufulu wa osachepera 15% mtengo kuposa Ngati ndi ogulitsa ena. Komanso, ndondomeko ndalama kudzakudikira zingakonzedwenso kuti izo kukopa mabanki malonda. Zonsezi amatilola kudalira bwino Russian ndege zatsopano osati zoweta komanso misika ya kunja. ndikukhumba kokha MS 21 momveka kumwamba, wokongola landings zofewa ndi takeoffs.