Mumve tebulo la Mayakovsky. Magawo a moyo ndi zilandiridwenso

Moyo wa ndakatulo iyi chosakwanira inatenga zaka 37, koma m'malo kwambiri. Iye anali mmodzi wa atsogoleri a avant-garde luso, ndipo anati mwalamulo wochirikiza olimbikira ya Party mzere, kugonjetsedwa womenya patsogolo maganizo. ndakatulo yake - osakaniza wanzeru wa kafukufuku wa njira yatsopano ndi mfundo wosatha zili amphamvu mawu Tribune ndiponso zobisika zina zabwino m'nyimbo. Masiteji wa moyo umene uli tebulo kuchuluka kwa Mayakovsky, akhoza kusonyeza mapangidwe umunthu a ndakatulo iyi, koma kuti aone lonse ake amalola womdziwa bwino ndi mbiri zake za kulenga.

1893-1906. ubwana

Anabadwa July 7, 1893 ku banja Vladimira Konstantinovicha Mayakovskogo, amene walunjika Ofesi ya nkhalango mu m'mudzi waung'ono Chijojiya pafupi Baghdadi Kutaisi ndi Aleksandry Alekseevny Pavlenko, poyamba pa Kuban. agogo bambo anali Cossack esaul, analandira knighthood.

Mayakovsky kuchuluka tebulo muli zambiri umboni anecdotal wa luso la ndakatulo tsogolo anaphunzitsa mwini kuwerenga, amachita chidwi kwambiri ndipo mtima kwa mabuku ndi zithunzi, amakumbukira kwambiri a ndakatulo, ndi bwino mu Chijojiya.

1902 - akulowa mkulu sukulu ya mkaka Kutaisi zolimbitsa thupi, kusonyeza kuphunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri chinenero cha Chirasha ndi zojambula.

1905 - kufunira zochitika kunachitika, nawo misonkhano ndi zitsanzo. Iye wasiya kukonda maphunziro.

February 19, 1906 anafa mwadzidzidzi magazi poyizoni VK Mayakovsky.

1906-1910. mu Moscow

Mumve tebulo la Mayakovsky mu Moscow oyambirira nthawi - kuphunzira pa sukulu, chizolowezi Marxism, kugwirizana RSDLP (b), kumangidwa:

1906, August-Mayakovsky banja anasamukira ku Moscow, kumene anaphunzitsidwa mlongo wamkulu wa Vladimir - Lyudmila.

1906, September -nachinaet kuphunzira pa Chachisanu chakale zolimbitsa thupi. Kuphunzira m'goli, anakumana ndi ophunzira-gulu kayendedwe chosintha. Ndi chidwi chowerenga mabuku nzeru zaumunthu, kuphunzira Marxism.

1908 - alowa Russian Social-Democratic Party wa Bolsheviks, chipani analandira dzina lakuti "Comrade Konstantin", kusiya sukulu mu zolimbitsa thupi la. Kodi amaganiziridwa kugawira timapepala ta ndi pansi ndi kumangidwa choyamba. Kumasulidwa kusowa umboni.

1909 - Pofuna kupitiriza maphunziro awo, akulowa Stroganov School, koma July anamangidwanso pa kukayikirana yokonza kupulumuka kwa akaidi. Mu Butyrskaya kuwerenga zopeka zambiri, kuphatikizapo Symbolist ndakatulo. Amayesa kulemba yokha.

1910 - Banja amafunsira amasulidwe Vladimir ngati mwana. Wachita kupenta pokonzekera chikuonetseratu ku Sukulu ya Painting, Chithunzi ndi Zomangamanga.

1911-1914. Mayakovsky, futurist

Mumve tebulo Mayakovsky nthawi, chiyambi cha ntchito yolenga - ankadziwa D. Burliuk, zisudzo woyamba ndi mabuku, nawo gulu la Futurists:

1911 September - Linaphunzira MUZhViZ. Bwino ndi wojambula ndi ndakatulo Davidom Burlyukom ndi futurists ena.

1912 - anayambitsanso Burliuk ndi ndakatulo wake, iye amayamikira iwo wapamwambatu. Iye amachita ndi munthu akangowerenga koyamba anthu a ndakatulo yake futuristic cafe "kusokera Dog".

1912 December - lofalitsidwa ndakatulo mu anthology "mbama mu Mtima wa Kukumana Public".

1913 March - akubwera Almanac "Missal zitatu" ndi ndakatulo ndi zojambula Mayakovsky.

1913, May - amapita kope lithographic m'buku la "Ine"

1913 December - nawo mu zisudzo gulu la Futurists, ntchito yoyamba ya tsoka "Vladimir Mayakovsky" mu St. Petersburg.

1914 January-March - nawo mu zisudzo za Futurists kudutsa dziko, ku Kazan kuti Tbilisi. Amachotsedwa sukulu, chimodzi mwa zifukwa - otsata futurism.

1914 November - pambuyo inayamba nkhondo anakana kupeza kalata ya kudalirika, m'pofunika kuti agwirizane mongodzipereka asilikali.

1915-1919. Mayakovsky ndi utasintha

Mayakovsky kuchuluka tebulo nthawi chisanadze chosintha ndi positi-October - kukumana ndi Gorky, ndi kukakamizidwa BRIC nawo mu zochitika kunachitika, "Tsamba KUKULA":

1915 February - ankadziwa AM Zowawa.

1915 July - Kuthana ndi Liliey Yurevnoy Brik ndi mwamuna wake.

1915 September - usilikali. Chifukwa cha khama la Gorky akufotokozera kampani ya yopuma usilikali kampani Galimoto Petrograd draftsman - Service chimakwirira gawo chabe la tsiku.

1916 - m'chaka mwa ndakatulo "msana chitoliro", "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere", "munthu" ndakatulo ambiri.

1917 Spring - ndi ophunzira mwakhama zochitika za February zisinthe, amalankhula pa masewera, iye anati lokopa, anali kusankhidwa Petrograd antchito Tirhana Union.

1917 yophukira - pambuyo pa October kuukira boma mokomera co-ntchito aluso ku boma la Soviet.

1918 Spring - analemba screenplays, anachita mafilimu.

1918, November - ndi kuyamba wa kusewera "Chinsinsi-Bouffe".

1919 October-pachiyambi Moscow pa "mazenera" kukula "- mpaka February 1922 analenga zithunzi 400 ndi malemba 600.

1920-1923. Mayakovsky kumanzere mtsogoleri luso

Mumve tebulo la moyo ndi ntchito za nthawi ya Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni - kulimbana ndi ndakatulo watsopano, zisudzo latsopano, filimu watsopano, pa ulendo oyamba ku Ulaya, magazini "LEF":

1920 - woyamba ankawerenga ndakatulo "150.000.000" mu chaka zisudzo ambiri kutsutsana, nkhani misonkhano.

1921 - kupanga "Chinsinsi-Bouffe" Meyerhold.

1922 May - pa ulendo oyamba kunja - kuti Riga.

1922 October - linanena bungwe anasonkhana ntchito.

1922, October - December - ulendo Germany ndi France, kukumana ndi ojambula kutsogolera ndi olemba: Picasso, Léger, Braque, Cocteau, Natalia Goncharova, Mikhail Larionov ndi ena.

1923 March - anadza 1 "LEF" magazini lolembedwa ndi ndakatulo Mayakovsky a "za", ndakatulo ambiri ndi nkhani pa nkhani ya luso latsopano.

1923 October - analemba malonda buku kuti Mosselprom.

1924-1925. Ndakatulo ndi agitator

Ambiri voey moyo Mayakovsky. Mumve gome la moyo ndi ntchito za nthawi yogwira oyendayenda kuzungulira dziko, ndi dziko - kulankhula mu dziko, ulendo Ulaya, "Kupezeka kwa America":

1924 kasupe - chilimwe - kulankhula ulendo ku Ukraine, Crimea.

1924 yophukira-yozizira - ulendo Paris.

1925 May - chiyambi cha Mayakovsky ulendo ku Ulaya, kumene adali pa bwato anatumizidwa ku Mexico ndi United States.

1925 July-December - anakumana ku New York ndi D. Burliuk, amene amayenda kudutsa America.

1926-1928. kulenga kukhwima

Mumve tebulo la Mayakovsky - mwachidule za nthawi tikhoza kunena kuti nthawi imeneyi ndi luso kukhwima:

1926 January-February, June, August, October ndi November - ambiri nkhani Ulendo wa dziko, komanso Poland, Czechoslovakia, Germany, France. Main mitu:

• Latsopano Art.
• Kodi mavesi.
• Kupezeka wanga of America.

1927 - kuchokera magazini "New LEF".

1928 - magazini osiyana ndakatuloyi "Good".

1928 December - ndatsiriza kusewera "Bug", ntchito wayamba pa bwanji: Meyerhold ayendetsa, kamangidwe -Kukryniksov, nyimbo - Shostakovich.

1929-1930. chisamaliro tsoka

Mumve tebulo la moyo Mayakovsky m'zaka za posachedwapa: nkhanza kutsutsa kwa otsutsa, kusadziwa achibale, mavuto mu ubale wa anthu:

1929 January - ambiri ntchito ndakatulo zimafika chifukwa matenda pakhosi.

1929, February - kuyamba kwa "Bug" pa za Meyerhold Theatre akukumana osokoneza: matamando ndi kutsutsa wankhanza wa chiphunzitso yokha kusewera.

1929, May - akakumana ndi Ammayi Veronikoy Polonskoy - chikondi otsiriza a ndakatulo iyi.

1930 February - March - Exhibition: "zaka 20" Nayenso akutsegula mu Moscow Writers 'Club, mu Leningrad Nyumba ya Sindikizani, ku Central Nyumba ya Komsomol Red Presnya. Ndi pafupifupi ananyalanyaza akuluakulu ndi olemba.

1930, March - ndi kuyamba kwa "Bani" mu Meyerhold Theatre limodzi ndi kulephera.

1930 April - limene linatuluka mu Chiyambi cha mwezi magazini "Sindikizani ndi kuukira boma" pa malamulo a kayendetsedwe chosema chithunzi cha Mayakovsky ndi moni kwa iye pa tsiku la 20 ntchito yolenga.

tsiku fateful

Zimayambitsa kudzipha a ndakatulo iyi amaonera ubwenzi wake zosamvetsetseka ndi Lily Brik, ali ndi mphamvu pafupifupi lachinsinsi pa iye, ndipo ndi Veronica Polonsky anakwatiwa, koma iye ankafuna kuti ayambe moyo wabwinobwino banja. Tchulani Tatyana Yakovleva, amene ankakhala mu Paris ndipo anati chikondi chake choona. Kufulumira kwa kuchoka zomvetsa chisoni spawned Mabaibulo ambiri, kuphatikizapo kupha a ndakatulo iyi. Mumve tebulo la Mayakovsky, mwachidule amatiuza za masiku otsiriza a ndakatulo iyi:

April 12, 1930, iye analemba wotchuka kutsanzikana kalata ndi mawu a chikondi bwato ali anagundidwa ndi moyo ...

April 14, 1930:

8,00 - anali kupita kwa wanthambo ndi uthengawo amapereka T.Yakovlevoy ku Paris: "Mayakovsky anawomberedwa yekha."

8,30 - anaima Veronikoy Polonskoy ndipo amanyamula pa nyumba yake.

9,00 - adafika iwo ku ntchito mu nyumba Mayakovsky Lubyanskiy Travel.

9,30 - bookman mthenga amene anapititsa bukulo kwa ndakatulo iyi anawauza chinachitika kuona ndakatulo ataima mbagodama patsogolo pa mkazi wamng'ono.

10,45 - Polonsky mchipindamo, kunena kuti iye anali mochedwa kwa rehearsal mu zisudzo ndipo analonjeza kuti adzabwerera ku madzulo. Pamakwerero, anamva kuwombera chisokonezo mu chipinda. Akubwerera, anaona Mayakovsky atagona pansi, ndi Madontho magazi pa mkanjo wake m'dera mtima. Iye anafa isanafike mwachangu itanani ambulansi.

kuzindikira posthumous

Izi ndi nkhani yonena za Mayakovsky. Mumve tebulo la akupitiriza kukumbukira a ndakatulo iyi ndi chidwi.

Mapeto a wachibale zovuta yakuti Mayakovsky ndi akuluakulu a boma kuika Stalin yekha, mu 1935, anati: "Mayakovsky anali ndi kukhala chabwino kwambiri luso ndakatulo ya lothandiza wathu Soviet." Mwamsanga pambuyo pake anayamba wotchula misewu ndakatulo m'mizinda yambiri ya Union, malaibulale, cinemas, etc. Komanso, dzina Mayakovsky analandira:

1935 - The kale m'chigonjetso Square mu Moscow;

1938 - Station Zamoskvoretskaya mzere wa Moscow okwerera sitima;

1946 - m'mudzimo dera Kaliningrad;

1954 - Moscow maphunziro Drama Theatre;

1967 - St. Petersburg siteshoni okwerera sitima;

1967 - ndi dziko laling'ono.