Kupanga chithunzi cha Pareto. Chithunzi cha Pareto mu Practice

Palibe amene akufuna kutaya mphamvu. Tikuyesetsa ndi mphamvu zathu zonse kuti tiwongolere bwino - athu, ogonjera, makampani, makanema pamapeto. Ndipo ziribe kanthu kuchuluka kwake komwe timayesetsa pa izo. Imodzi mwa njira zosavuta komanso zomveka bwino zowunika kuyendetsera bwino ndikumanga Pareto chithunzi.

Mbiri ya "matsenga" chiwerengero

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, Vilfredo Pareto, yemwe adachita zachuma, adafuna kufufuza kugawidwa kwa chuma chaku Britain. Zotsatira zake zinali zodabwitsa: zinapezeka kuti 20% mwa anthu a ku England ali ndi chuma cha 80% cha dzikoli. Kafukufuku wowonjezera wasonyeza kuti mfundo yakuti "ochepa ndi yapamwamba" ikufikira chuma chotsala 20%: 5% ali ndi 50%, ndipo 10% - 65% mwa chuma chonse. Wasayansi wodabwitsa anayamba kuyesa chiphunzitso chake kwa anthu a mayiko ena a ku Ulaya, ndipo zotsatira zake zinali zofanana - kumanga chithunzi cha Pareto kunapereka kufanana komweko kwa kufalitsa.

Komabe, sakanatha kuzipanga deta yomwe adapeza ndikupanga nthawi zina. Choncho, chiphunzitsocho chinadziwikabe. Tinayambiranso ku 1949. George K. Zipf, pulofesa ku Harvard, adapeza kuti pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya zotsatirazo ndi 20 peresenti ya khama. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, American Joseph Juran, pokambirana za nkhani yopanga zinthu zopanda pake, adalandira kachilombo ka 80/20. Atatulutsa zotsatira za kafukufuku wake, Juran adalemba lamulo la "zopanda phindu". Choncho, lamulo la Pareto linatsegulidwanso ndipo analandira maumboni omveka bwino.

Komabe, ku United States, ogwira ntchito zamalonda anali asanakonzekere kulamulira Pareto, ndipo Yuran adasiya maphunziro ku Japan. Kumeneko akuluakulu a bizinesi anagwirizana ndi zomwe asayansi anapeza, ndipo lingaliro lakuti "Pareto chithunzi mu kasamalidwe ka khalidwe" linawonekera. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti isanafike zaka za m'ma 70 za zana la zana lino njira iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Japan. Ndipo patangopita zaka pafupifupi 20, pamene zopangidwa zopangidwa ku Japan, zinasokoneza kwambiri katundu wa America, Yurana anaitanidwa ku US kuti adziwe chiphunzitso cha Pareto.

Lamulo la Pareto ndi moyo

Povomereza kuti 20% ya zoyesayesa zimabweretsa zotsatira 80%, munthu akhoza kuganiziranso zomwe zikuchitika. Ambiri a ife timaganiza kuti kuyendayenda kwa thupi, komwe timapindula m'moyo. Timakhulupirira kuti anthu onse omwe timadziwana nawo ndi ofunikira (ndizofunikira) kwa ife, kuti makasitomala onse azibweretsa ndalama zofanana, ndipo, motero, nkofunika kuyesa zofanana zofanana ndi oyanjana ndi onse.

Komabe, titaganizira ndi kuphunzira chidziwitso cha pepala la Pareto, timapeza zosiyana. Timagawiranso ntchito zathu ndikukhala omasuka komanso osangalala. Ntchito sizimawoneka yotopetsa, ndipo kuyankhulana ndi anzanga kumapweteka. Podziwa zomwe zimayambitsa chiyanjano cha zochita zathu, timatsimikiza kuti gawo laling'ono la ntchitoyi lapereka zotsatira zenizeni. Ndipo china chirichonse chiri chopanda phindu ndipo sichiri chofunikira.

Lamulo la Pareto pa Kugulitsa

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri za zana la makumi awiri, ogwira ntchito a IBM adapeza kuti makompyuta amathera nthawi yochuluka pokonzekera kuchuluka kwa ndalama. Kuzindikiritsa ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito nthawiyi kunabweretsa kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kwa njirayi. Ndipo izi zikutanthawuza kuti chithunzi cha Pareto, chitsanzo cha zomwe zinatengedwa ngati maziko a akatswiri ochokera ku IBM, ololedwa kupyola mpikisano ndikuwonjezera malonda.

Kawirikawiri, pamene mameneja amavomereza kuti phindu lalikulu likubweretsedwera ndi ochepa makasitomala, malonda akuyamba kukula kwambiri - ponena za malonda akukula komanso kuchokera ku malo oonjezera kukhulupirika kwa ogwira ntchito (pambuyo pozindikira kuti sikuti aliyense wogula ndikutulutsa mphamvu zambiri za azimayi ). Kuonjezerapo, kuphunzira pa tchati cha Pareto kumakulolani kuyika chidwi chanu pazogulitsa ndi mafakitale zomwe zidzakulitsa kukula kwa ndalama ndikulola kampaniyo kupambana nkhondo zonse zopikisana.

Landirani ndi kuvomereza

Monga taonera kale, chinthu chovuta kwambiri ndi kuvomereza choonadi kuti 80% ya zochita zathu sizibweretsa zotsatira zoyenera. Oyang'anira makampani amalonda amafuna kuti oyang'anira awo akhale ndi malingaliro omwewo kwa makasitomala onse, ndipo ndithudi kuwunika kwa Pareto chithunzi chidzapereka zotsatira zowonongeka: ambiri mwa makasitomala amapereka ntchito yogwira ntchito oyang'anira, koma osati ndalama za malonda.

Choncho, akunena kuti atsogoleli akuyenera kudziyanjanitsa okha ndi lingaliro la "nthawi yaulere" ya ogonjera. Ndikofunika kuyanjanitsa ntchito ndi makasitomala ambiri, kukhazikitsa mfundo zomwe zingakhale zoyankhulirana ndi iwo ndikugwiritsa ntchito malamulo awo. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuganizira kwambiri makasitomala akuluakulu ndikuwonjezera kwambiri malonda.

Kufufuza za mtundu wa zopangidwe

Mu 1979, bungwe la Japanese Union of Engineers ndi Asayansi linaphatikizapo mndandanda wa njira zoyenera zowonetsera khalidwe la malonda pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi cha Pareto. Zikhalidwe zapanga mitundu iwiri ya kusanthula: pa zotsatira za ntchito ndi zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto.

Yoyamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene ntchitoyo ikudziwitsa mavuto aakulu omwe amabweretsa zotsatira zosayenera. Yachiwiri yapangidwa kuti ipeze chifukwa chachikulu cha ntchito yosakhutiritsa ya kampaniyo. Pazochitika zonsezi, m'pofunika kumanga chithunzi cha Pareto kuti mumvetsetse bwino zomwe zimachitika pa malonda komanso kugawa bwino chuma.

Kwenikweni, kuti muwunike ndikufunikira pang'ono: kuwunikira bwino vutoli, kufotokoza momveka bwino zifukwa zonse zokhudzidwa, ndipo, polemba ziwerengero zina, kuti adziwe zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli. Pofuna kufotokoza, mawerengero onse akuwonetsedwa ngati chithunzi. Komanso, m'pofunika kuchita njira zothetsera (kusintha) zinthu zolakwika za ntchito.

Kuchokera ku chiphunzitso chochita

N'zosavuta kunena - gwiritsani ntchito njira ya Pareto. Koma ndi njira ziti zomwe ziyenera kutengedwa, kumene mungayambire, kuti muwone bwinobwino? Kodi mungapange bwanji chithunzi cha Pareto? Pano simungathe kuchita popanda chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso, koma woyamba sayenera kuchita mantha. Pa gawo loyambirira, nkofunika kumvetsetsa mafunso omwe (mavuto), kufufuza; Momwe mungasankhire iwo ndi zomwe mungasonkhanitse.

Panthawi imeneyi, akatswiri osadziŵa zambiri amakhala ndi mantha: kodi ndimaganizira zonse, komanso kuti ndidziwe zambiri zokhudzana ndi ntchitoyi? Koma ndikugwiritsa ntchito lamulo la Pareto ku ntchito zake, tikukumbukira kuti: 80% ya ntchitoyi idzapereka 20 peresenti ya zotsatira. Choncho, musachite mantha, ndipo poyamba muyenera kukhala mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungathe kulemba zonse zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe zikuchitika. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mudzaphunzira kuzindikira mwadzidzidzi zofunikira kwambiri za mavuto.

Tikaganiza za kusonkhanitsa uthenga, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa makadi a deta. Kawirikawiri awa ndi mafunso kapena magome, omwe deta yolembedwa nthawi zina imalembedwa. Deta izi zimapangidwa ndikukonzekera pa ndege ngati mawonekedwe. Kuti zifulumizitse, zikufunikanso, pa siteji ya kukonza mfundo zomwe zatengedwa, kulimbikitsa (kuphatikiza) zizindikiro zofanana kwambiri.

Tumizani zambiri pamapepala

Kuti mumange chithunzi cha Pareto, m'pofunikira kukonzekera tebulo kuti muyese zotsatira zafukufuku. Pankhani iyi, ganizirani zafupipafupi za zomwe zikuchitika. Deta yomwe ili patebulo iyenera kulowetsedwa mukutsika (kachiwiri, kuti ikufulumizitse ndondomeko).

Kukonzekera ndege pakukonza chiwembu kumaphatikizapo miyeso iwiri yoyezera ndi imodzi yopingasa. Mzere wokhotakhota wokhoma umatsimikizira chiwerengero cha mawonetseredwe a chinthu chimodzi, ndipo mzere wolondola umaimira chiwerengero. Pakati pazowonongeka, potsata mafupipafupi ochepa, zinthu zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamapeto pake, muyenera kupeza tchati cha bar.

Ndiye muyenera kukoka mpikisano wotsalira - gwirizanitsani mfundozo pamwamba pa mipiringidzo yomwe imapereka kuchuluka kwa mtengo wa chinthucho (cholowera ku right axis), mphika. Chithunzi cha Pareto chimamangidwa! Kenaka, muyenera kufufuza zotsatira zomwe mwapeza, kuzindikira "zochepa zomwe zimafunika" ndikukwaniritsa ntchito za malonda.

Zofunika

• Ndikofunika kuwonjezera zizindikiro pokhapokha pa magawo angapo; Musamangire konse kamodzi.
• Choyamba, nkofunika kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kuwonetsa kampani.

• Pomwe mukupanga tchati, muyenera kufufuza, ndikuyesera kusiya zonse zazing'ono. Ngakhale opanda chidziwitso, wofufuza akuzindikira mozama zomwe ziri zofunika kwambiri ndi zomwe siziri.

Lamulo la Pareto lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulikonse

Zolondola zamakono zimatsutsa kuti pali njira ya chilengedwe chonse poyesa "chirichonse ndi chirichonse" - Chithunzi cha Pareto. Chitsanzo mu ntchito ya malonda aliwonse sichidabwitsa munthu aliyense. Akatswiri amasiku ano asuntha chiwerengero cha 80/20 m'madera onse a moyo wathu.

Mwa kudzidziwitsa nokha, mwachitsanzo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa mophweka komanso mophweka. Ndizimenezi zomwe zingapereke zotsatirazi. Kusamalira nthawi kumasonyeza kulingalira ntchito yanu ya tsikulo ndi kuzindikira "zopanda pake" zochita. Mudzadabwa kwambiri kupeza nthawi yambiri yaulere.

Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a Pareto pamoyo wapadera. Poyang'ana mndandanda wa ojambula pa foni, mungathe kuzindikira mosavuta 20% mwa anthu oyenerera ndi okondweretsa omwe akuthandizani kuti mukhale nawo. Akatswiri a zamaganizo amalimbikitsa kuchotsa otsala 80% a maulumikizi. Ndipo tinganene chiyani za zinthu zomwe zimatizungulira tsiku ndi tsiku! Lingaliro lakuti chinthu chomwe sichifunikira kwa chaka, sichidzapindulitsa konse - sichiri chatsopano.

Gwiritsani ntchito lamulo la Pareto - ndipo moyo udzakhala wosangalatsa komanso wokongola!