Kusamuka Labor

Kusamuka kwa anthu amatchedwa kayendedwe ake m'dzikoli kapena m'dziko lina. Kuonetsetsa mitundu zosiyanasiyana, malingana ndi cholinga ndi njira kusamuka. Mwa chibadwa ndi banja, zosangalatsa, ntchito zokopa alendo ndi ntchito. Ndi izi mawonekedwe cha kusamuka , tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane, tiyeni tikambirane gulu ake ndi zochita zimene chibadidwe ndondomeko izi mu dziko lathu.

"Labor kusamuka" - liwu limene limanenedwa kusamutsidwa kwa cholinga cha ntchito. Monga ulamuliro, tikulankhula za anthu ntchito, zaka, makamaka pa zaka 40. Malinga ndi malangizo a gulu allocated:

• ntchito emigration;
• kusamuka ntchito m'dzikoli.

Yoyamba amagwirizana ndi "ubongo" cha anthu oyenerera kunja chifukwa sungathe kuchita ntchito zawo malipiro abwino. Izi ndi chifukwa emigration cha kum'mawa kwa Ulaya, India, Africa. Monga kulowa m'dziko nkhaniyi zambiri wasankha United States komanso Canada ndi Ulaya. mtundu wina wa osamukawo ntchito - otsika-waluso, kuphatikizapo ogwira nyengo. Iwo m'malo wantchito, anasiya chifukwa cha kusafuna am'deralo ntchito malipiro otsika. The downside wa zodabwitsazi angatchedwe kuchepa mtengo wa ntchito msika ndi kuphwanya zotheka kwa lamulo ndi malamulo emigration. Zimenezi zimabweretsa zikuwanyansa alendo ndi wosakhutira mu dziko. Makamaka mavuto zogwirizana anafunsa ndi kusamuka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito ndi Choyenereza otsika, ku Ulaya, lomwe ndi mutu nkhani ina.

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana kuphunzira kusamuka ntchito. Njira zachuma ntchito kusamuka kuoneka ngati njira kulamulira ambiri ndi kufalitsa ogwira ntchito ndi chinthu zabwino kulimbikitsa mpikisano. Psychological njira amasanthula angalimbikitsire dera la zodabwitsazi. Sociological - mavuto a anatengera osamukawo anthu.

njira kusamuka ku dziko ndi unakambidwanso mogwirizana ndi kufunafuna ntchito, zomwe angathe kukwaniritsa osati zinthu zakuthupi, komanso ayenera kukula akatswiri nyumba, amalola kusintha udindo wa anthu, moyo, etc. Internal kusamuka angakhalenso zonse ndi nyengo.

Dziko lathu amakhala ndi kusamuka ntchito m'dera Central, ndi kusamuka kwanthawi yochepa cholinga cha ntchito kosangalatsa. M'zaka 2 otsiriza, zabwino kusamuka bwino zimawonedwa zilembo ziwiri, ndipo mu dera Krasnodar ndi dera Volga. Population outflow limapezeka kuchokera m'mizinda ya North European, Siberia ndi Far East. Ulova mu zigawo vuto ndi pachimake ndithu, pamene kusunga kufunika ntchito mu kumpoto, kumene migodi.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi bwino pang'ono mpaka wayamba ndikukhazikitsa mapulogalamu kulimbikitsa kusamuka m'dzikoli. Komabe, mpaka tsopano malamulo m'dera la kusamuka makamaka umalimbana kuthetsa nkhani zovuta kugwirizana ndi osamukawo zambiri oletsedwa ntchito a m'mayiko ena. Mavuto ndi kugawa ntchito ndi kuphatikizapo ndi anatengera kwa Soviet nyengo zobwera Kapangidwe ka kufalitsa anthu za adula. Pankhaniyi, zachilengedwe ntchito kusamuka zovuta ndi otsika mlingo wa chitukuko chuma zigawo, ndipo mtengo ndi mkulu wa kuyenda, yobwereka nyumba. Choncho, ngakhale kuti m'dzikoli pakufunika anthu oti zina, anthu akadali si sayenda zokwanira poyerekeza Mwachitsanzo, ndi maiko a ku Ulaya, Russia ndi kusamuka ntchito a anthu kufunika kwa njira zina chingatilimbikitse.