Miyala ndi Mchere

Miyala ndi mchere - chapadera pawiri zinthu n'kupanga matanthwe a pansi padziko. matupi onse olimba m'chilengedwe chonse ndiponso pa mapulaneti wa mtundu ngati Lapansi anapanga ku miyala. Kawirikawiri mawu akuti "thanthwe" ndi N'zazikulu kuposa mawu "mchere", kuyambira zakale wapangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mchere. miyala yonse siyana mu kapangidwe ndi dongosolo.

Kapangidwe - yeniyeni malo wachibale mchere mzake, kugawa awo mu dongosolo makamaka. Mwachitsanzo, pamene palibe dongosolo mu izi anati, umatchedwa dongosolo chachikulu. Anadya ofukula akumba ena wosanjikiza zenizeni, izo zikutanthauza kuti uwu Hrs m'dera magawo makonzedwe a miyala (miyala ndi mchere) kusakanizidwa ndi superimposed pa wina ndi mzake.

Mu chikhalidwe, pali malo wokongola kwambiri zozizwitsa - izo mobisa mapanga yaikulu ndi yaing'ono. Choncho, kuwira awo mapangidwe amapezeka mu thanthwe - voids ngati anasiya mpweya kumasulidwa ku dziko lapansi. A shale thanthwe? Izo zikuwoneka ngati izi mu kagawo basi lowoneka! kagawo izi zikhoza akuda pamene mchere kukhala mawonekedwe athyathyathya ndipo kuwonjezera mbali imodzi.

Gulu la miyala poyamba zochokera magawo atatu:

1. Pulayimale zimasokoneza - iwo ali igneous.

2. Secondary zimasokoneza - iwo ali nyanja.

3. Metamorphic miyala - iwo angathe wotchedwa kusinthidwa.
miyala Igneous ndi mchere popangidwa ndi solidification kwa chiphalaphala kuti anafika pamwamba. Chifukwa wina chiwerengero cha zinthu mowirikiza kusintha kutentha ndi osiyana zinthu zachilengedwe anapanga miyala ndi katundu osiyana ndi dongosolo. miyala Igneous anawagawa effusive komanso chozama. Yotsirizira ndi mphamvu kwambiri ndi dongosolo wandiweyani krustalo. Oimira wotchuka a mtundu umenewu thanthwe basalt ndi lubwe.

miyala nyanja inakhazikitsidwa mchikakamizo cha zinthu zina monga kusintha kutentha, malo kunja - mvula, matalala, cheza dzuwa ndi mpweya wa mlengalenga. miyala nyanja anawagawa organogenic, mankhwala ndi lotayirira.
miyala Metamorphic ndi mchere anapanga chifukwa cha kusintha kapangidwe padziko lapansi. Izi zimachitika pa zivomezi, kuwasintha matanthwe a pansi padziko. Pankhaniyi zigawo zosiyana ndi wosanganiza ndi mitundu - onse nyanja ndi igneous.
Kumasulira kwa Latin, mchere ( "mgodi") amatanthawuza "miyala". The zikuchokera mchere - ndi zinthu mankhwala kuti anapanga mu njira zosiyanasiyana zovuta thupi ndi mankhwala. Mchere - mosachita zikuchitika zinthu crystalline. Koma mawonekedwe a galasi si mchere onse.

Gulu la chiyambi mchere zochokera magawano zazikulu mu pulayimale ndi sekondale. The oti amene apangidwa pa crystallization kwa chiphalaphala lapansi. mchere zimenezo zimaphatikizapo Mica, silika ndi sulfure. mchere Secondary kupangidwa mu pompo-pompo atadziŵa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kunja. Iyi ndi precipitate njira mchere madzi ndi weathering ndi chiwonongeko chachikulu cha mchere kapena mapesi osiyana ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya zamoyo. mchere zimenezo zimaphatikizapo wamba mchere, sylvite ndi gypsum.

Malinga ndi mipweya ya mchere akhoza kukhala nzika (golide, diamondi, pulatinamu, mkuwa), sulfide (miyala mkuwa, Mercury miyala, kutsogolera), halides (mchere potaziyamu ndi mwala), oxides (popangidwa ndi kukhudzana ndi mpweya: hematite, khwatsi, chitsulo miyala) , carbonates (Malachite, nsangalabwi), sulphate (gypsum akunena kwa iwo), mankwala (apatite), silicate (chrysotile, talc, Mica).