Lagerlef Selma ndi nkhani yake yodabwitsa. Wambiri ndi ntchito

Wolemba Lagerlef Selma, anapereka dziko nkhani zodabwitsa za mnyamata ndi Niels atsekwe zakutchire, ntchito zake zonse anayesera kuwaphunzitsa anthu kuyambira ali kukonda chikhalidwe, amayamikira ubwenzi ndi kulemekeza kwawo. Mwatsoka, moyo wa mayi ameneyu wakhala wovuta wopanda mitambo.

magazi mfulu

Selma Lagerlof anabadwa mu 1858 ku Sweden, mu banja lalikulu, amene anali ndi banja wakale mfulu. Atate a mtsikanayu - wopuma asilikali munthu, amake - mphunzitsi. Maonekedwe a mwanayo anali osangalala kwambiri kamphindi mu moyo wa banja lonse.

Komabe, panthawi imene anabadwa Selma Lagerlof, pa mbadwa wotsiriza wa ukulu anali zokha malo Mårbacka ndi nthano wokongola. Nthawi zambiri anauza bambo a mtsikanayo, lomwe ndi moyo mwa iyo doted. Ndipo iye nayenso, akufunika chikondi, chikondi, chithandizo ndi chisamaliro nthawi zonse.

kovuta ubwana

Selma kuposa ana ena ofunika chisamaliro. Ndipotu, pamene mtsikana zaka zitatu, ziwalo zake. Mwamwayi, iye anapulumuka, koma anakhala wolumala. Pa nthawi imeneyo, pamene ana ena anali kuyenda pa msewu, mtsikanayu anakakamizika kukhala bedi. mwanjira pokana malingaliro achisoni, Selma remade nzeru yekha nkhani zosiyanasiyana weniweni ndi zopeka, anamva kwa Atate wake ndi agogo ake. Choncho anapita povuta zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Koma si chisoni mphindi lili mbiri yake. Selma Lagerlof ndi banja samapeza, pamene Stockholm madokotala anatha kuika mtsikana pa mapazi ake.

Njira yoyamba padziko lonse chachikulu

Wakulimbira khama kwambiri, wolemba tsogolo anaphunzira kuyenda, adatsamira pa ndodo, amene muyaya anakhala mnzake wokhulupirika. Koma ngakhale izi, tsopano mtsikanayo anamva mtendere chachikulu anatsegula zitseko za iye.

Komabe, kupulumuka m'dziko yaikulu watsimikizira zovuta. Kuwonjezera chakuti aliyense kayendedwe zofuna khama lalikulu thupi, anthu owazungulira nthawi zina achitapo ankhanza. Koma kodi kudzipereka pamaso pa mavuto Selma Lagerlof? Mwachidule yonena za wolemba tsogolo mobwerezabwereza anasonyeza zinafuna ake khama ndi sichisinthasinthanso. Ndi kusiyana lalikulu anzake mu zaka makumi awiri ndi zitatu, Selma akulowa Stockholm Lyceum. Patapita chaka chimodzi ngakhale onse amene anaitana atachuluka wake ndi wolumala, iye anali analembedwa Royal Apamwamba Pedagogical Seminary.

Ntchito pa sukulu

Pambuyo maphunziro bwino Lagerlof bwinobwino kupeza ntchito yawo yoyamba. Izi n'zimene mphunzitsi pa sukulu kwa atsikana ili m'tauni yaing'ono kum'mwera Sweden. Sagwirizana nazo ndi ophunzira, iye mwamsanga wapeza chinenero ophunzira ake. Unachitikira maphunziro ake nthawi zonse chidwi kwambiri. Lagerlef Selma mphunzitsi sakakamiza ana kuloweza alipidwa, ndi kuvumbitsira maphunziro mu ndimasewera zisudzo. Pa zokambirana izi manambala si monga kwambiri yosasangalatsa, kanjedza mbiri ngati zilembo Fairy-nthano ndi maina malo mosavuta kumbukirani ngati malo achilendo pa maps of zolengedwa zamatsenga.

zachisoni zenizeni

Komabe, mu moyo weniweni, mphunzitsi yosavuta akuzigawo si wokongola kwambiri. Pambuyo pa imfa ya munthu wapafupi kwa iye - bambo - Selma akuyesetsa kuti asataye mtima wanu. Koma vuto konse ndekha. Pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo ake chuma banja Mårbacka, amene anali banja kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma XVI, izo anagulitsidwa pa yobetcherana chifukwa cha ngongole yaikulu. Ndiyeno panali chidwi mu chirichonse chimene anali kusunga akale banja nthano. Choncho ndinaganiza ndekha sukulu ntchito mavuto Selma Lagerlof. Mwachidule yonena za lodabwitsali mtsikana amangokhalira kulankhula za iye zosaneneka maganizo ndi mphamvu zothetsera mavuto.

zilandiridwenso

Maulo mobisa wamng'ono mphunzitsi Lagerlof analemba woyamba buku "Gösta Berling a Saga." The ngwazi mankhwala - apaulendo, amene anapita uchikumbe akale, anakumana ndi anthu ake enieni ndi nthano zawo zakale. anzake ambiri Lagerlof ndinaganiza sikuthandiza zilandiridwenso mu nthawi ya chitukuko mofulumira sayansi. Ngakhale ndemanga izi unflattering mphunzitsi adakali wamng'ono anaganiza kutumiza mapepala ake kuti mpikisano mu nyuzipepala zina. Kwambiri chodabwitsa kwa ena anakhala wopambana Selma Lagerlof izo! Mamembala a loweruza la taonera zodabwitsa kulenga ndingaliro ya wolemba. Zimenezi Mzimu wake ndipo amathandiza kukhulupirira mphamvu zawo.

bwino zolembalemba

Kwa zaka pafupi khumi Lagerlof inadziwika paliponse wolemba mabuku mbiri. Bwino ntchito zake kumathandiza wolemba kulandira wopatsidwa. Komabe, mtsikana aliyense chigonjetso m'zinthu anthu kwambiri ngati mwayi, osati chifukwa cha ntchito molimbika ndi luso lalikulu. Si zophweka kuti aswe olakwika akale kuti akazi sangakhale wolemba kwambiri.

Kunena "Zozizwitsa za Wokana Khristu" ndipo "Yerusalemu" ndi kukhala wotchuka kwambiri Sweden. Ndiponso ntchito izi impregnated ndi changu kwambiri, imene mwana analeredwa ndi Selma Lagerlof. "O Night Woyera", "kamwana Betelehemu," "Kandulo wa Woyera Manda" ndi nkhani zina m'gulu zopereka, "Nthano ya Khristu", ndi umboni za izo.

History of Niels

Ngakhale kuti Lagerlof linalembedwa ambiri ntchito kutchuka lonse iye anapita nthano, "The Zopatsa Chidwi Kwambiri ya Nils". N'zochititsa chidwi kuti unali pathupi buku kwa ana asukulu. Mu njira imeneyi chidwi cha ana tinali kuphunzira malo ndi mbiri ya Sweden, chikhalidwe chake ndi miyambo. Komabe, maonekedwe a mabuku zimenezi ana osati kusintha chidziwitso cha maphunziro a kusukulu, koma pamodzi ndi khalidwe waukulu kuphunzira kumvera chisoni anthu osauka ndipo amasangalala ndi mphindi zabwino kuteteza ofooka ndiponso kuthandiza osauka. Mu mabwalo kukhala yapamwamba kusewera "gusenavtov" - kotero ankatchedwa Nils. Selma Lagerlof nthawi yomweyo anamva kwambiri thandizo la ana, amene sakhoza anati achikulire. Otsutsa mopikisana inalemba nkhani choopsa natsutsa wolemba. Ngakhale onse kudwala anthu ena a buku wakhala anazindikira osati mu dziko la wolemba, komanso dziko lonse lapansi.

The Prize Nobel

Koma sikuti kuti anasangalala wolemba mdima mitambo pamwamba. Ndipo mphindi wabwino wodzazidwa mbiri yake. Selma Lagerlof mu 1909 anakhala mkazi woyamba kukhala mmodzi wa mphoto apamwamba padziko lonse mabuku kupereka. "Pakuti chomwe wolemekezeka ndi chuma cha m'maganizo," wolemba anali kupereka ya Nobel Prize. Gold Mendulo, dipuloma ndi cheke ndalama anaperekedwa kwa iye ndi Mfumu ya Sweden Gustav V. Ndipo ichi si mwamwayi yosavuta. Patapita nthawi ili yonse Lagerlof ali anamasulidwa oposa makumi atatu mabuku ndi ankakondedwa kupitirira malire a dziko lawo. Tikumbukenso kuti yotchuka kwambiri ntchito zake anatsala ndi nthano za mnyamata amene akhoza kuona Sweden ndi view bird's diso.

kulenga cholowa

Atalandira Nobel Prize, Lagerlof anatha kuwombolera chuma banja, komwe ankakhala mpaka mapeto a masiku ake, chifukwa zikomo Mårbacka iye anayamba lingaliro la kulenga nthano za Niels. Recent ntchito zopambana za Selma Lagerlof zinalembedwa kuchokera 1925 mpaka zaka 1928-TH. Ichi ndi buku za zitatu Levensheldah - "mphete Levensheldov", "Anna Sverd" ndi "Charlotte Levensheld". Amanena za amazipotokola moyo ndipo motsatana a banja limodzi kwa mibadwo ingapo. Zimene zinachitika mu mabuku kuchokera 1730 TH ndi 1860 chaka TH.

ntchito achipembedzo ana ndi lero bwino kwambiri. Ena a iwo akhala angandisindikizirenso. Pomwe choyamba kwa 'Nthano cha Khristu "linasindikizidwa mu 1904 ku Sweden. Mu Russia, izo zinachitika mu 2001, chifukwa cha ntchito ya kusindikiza nyumba "ROSMEN WOFALITSA". Buku kumaphatikizapo nkhani za Khristu, amene ngati mwana agogo ake adamva Selma Lagerlof: "O Woyera Night" ndi "masomphenya a mfumu", "Mu Nazarete" ndi "Betelehemu kamwana", "Chabwino anzeru" ndi "Flight ku Egypt", komanso nkhani zina.

Mafupa mu chipinda

Selma Lagerlof sanali sociable munthu tsiku ndi tsiku moyo. Choncho, za moyo wake mseri pang'ono amadziwika. Inde, zambiri za nthawi, iye whiled kutali malo banja, amene anali kugula kumbuyo pambuyo mphoto ya kudziwika umafunika. Mu maonekedwe kunali kotheka kwa yomweyo adzaweruza Selma Lagerlof monga spinster a. Komabe, pankhani imeneyi, panali ena zinsinsi, ndi kuwulula iwo zoyembekezeka zaka makumi asanu pambuyo pa imfa ya wolemba wotchuka. Mwadzidzidzi, pambuyo nthawi yonseyi makalata anawapeza, kuwulula zinthu zina zachilendo moyo wake wapamtima. Pambuyo uthenga umenewu Lagerlof khalidwe lake chachinsinsi kachiwiri, ambiri amachita chidwi.

ntchito panja

Ngakhale kale mu m'badwo achikulire akudwala matenda aakulu, Lagerlef Selma akhoza kuchotsedwa kucheza ndi mavuto amene dogged Europe. Mu nthawi ya nkhondo ya pakati Finland ndi la Soviet Union, iye anapereka n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi kwa Swedish Fund National kwa Finland.

Mu mmasate, munthu wongonena mobwerezabwereza nawo apulumutse olemba zosiyanasiyana ndi amisiri ku chizunzo Nazi. Gulu kudzera mwa maziko ake lachifundo chakupulumutsa anthu ambiri aluso m'ndende ndi imfa. Awa anali omaliza zabwino wolemba.

Mu March 1940 Selma Lagerlof wamwalira. Koma ngakhale zaka zambiri, atsikana ambiri ndi anyamata, komabe otithandiza kuona, ndi bated mpweya. Ndipotu, mwina pansi mitambo kwambiri, akuthamangira kwa ulendo, zouluka opandamantha zoweta GUS Martin, onyamula pa nsana wake mnzake pang'ono Niels.