Lavra mu Sergiev Posad. Yaikulu chikale wamwamuna obisika stauropegic

Lavra Sergiyev Posad ndi chimodzi chofunika kwambiri malo Orthodox woyera Russia. kulambira kwake ndipo akutchedwa mtima wa dziko Orthodox, monga mu mbiri yake, obisika zimenezi anasonyeza indomitable mphamvu ndi chikhulupiriro. Pakali pano, pali yaikulu Orthodox obisika.

Mbiri ya zosayembekezereka wa Lavra

Zikamera cha Utatu-Sergio Lavra, wanyanya kumbuyo mu nthawi, ndicho mu 1337, pamene pafupi mudziwo Radonezh abale awiri, Bartolomeyu ndi Stephen anamanga selo ndi mpingo waung'ono. iwowa anali opatulidwira m'dzina la Utatu Woyera.

Patapita kanthawi, Stefan zokakhala ku agulupa ya Epiphany, ndi Bartolomeyo anakhalabe. Last anatenga kumene kumakhala Amonke malonjezo ndipo dzina la Sergio (kenako kudziwika monga Radonezh). The kudzipatula anali yekha kwa zaka pafupifupi ziwiri, ndiye pafupi cell ake anayamba kukhazikika amene ankafuna malangizo. Okwana pali maselo khumi, amene pambuyo nthawi zina anali atazunguliridwa ndi mpanda, ndi kuika zitseko.

Patapita kanthawi, anaikidwa abbot Mitrofan, amene anakhala mu ofesi mpaka 1344. Pambuyo positi anapita St. Sergio wa Radonezh. Iye nsanje n'kumamuyang'anira kusunga dongosolo la utumiki, ngakhale panalibe wansembe mpaka kalekale. Choncho ndinayamba angalinganize Lavra m'tsogolo Sergiev Posad.

Lina lalikulu matabwa tchalitchi ndalama Archimandrite Simon inamangidwa pa moyo wa Sergio. Komanso anakonza maselo abale.

Nkhondo ya gulu m'dziko Russian ndi nyengo yatsopano mu moyo wa Laura

An yosaiwalika m'mbiri ya Russia anakhala Chitata Mongol goli. Iyo inali nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa aliyense. Mu 1380, Abbot Sergio, anapempha Prince wotchedwa Dmitry, amene analemekeza Iye, adayima kupemphera nthawi zonse, pamene panali nkhondo. Chifukwa cha mphatso yake ya clairvoyance, anaona zonse zimene zikuchitika kunkhondo.

Mu 1392, tsogolo Lavra Sergiyev Posad St. Sergio anataya. Iye anapita ku dziko lina. Iye anali m'malo ndi Nikon. zaka khumi ndi zisanu pambuyo poika obisika unawotchedwa kuti mliri nthaka ya magulu. Iwo anali kuumanganso.

Mu 1422 izo zinachitika chozizwitsa china kuti analola zotsalira lotseguka St. Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Izi zapangitsa kuti latsopano yomanga chifukwa cha zomwe inamangidwa Utatu Cathedral. Anakhala kachisi kwa kupeza a zotsalira za woyera mtima.

The tchalitchi inamangidwa ku mwala. Pakuti kupenta wake anaitanidwa wotchuka chizindikiro zojambulajambula Andrei Rublev. Inde, kupenta mu maonekedwe ake a pachiyambi kwa tsiku lino, osati zinasungidwa kuyambira azionjezera kangapo, ndi zina zotsala anthu ambiri anachita kachiwiri.

Kumasuka Chozizwitsa ntchito Sergiya Radonezhskogo akadzamwalira

Ndikufuna kunena mawu ochepa za nthawi mu moyo wa agulupa, kumene iye anakaika Zitsulo Lithuanians. Inayamba mu 1608 ndipo zinatha mpaka 1610. Tidakhala woterowu gulu lalikulu la asilikali, koma zokometsera nthaŵi zochepa. Panthawi imeneyi Lavra lonse Sergiev Posad anali kupemphera. Chifukwa cha chitetezero cha woyang'anira woyera Sergiya Radonezhskogo obisika anapulumuka.

Panthawi imeneyi, zozizwitsa zambiri zinachitika, ndipo ngakhale mwayi adani, abale sanafooke ndi kukhulupirira. masabata asanu obisika makoma zipolopolo kwa mfuti, koma kuukira zinalephereka. Ndiye, pa kuchita anapita kumakutherani mdani, amene amathandizidwa kubooleza chitetezo ya.

Chitetezo cha obisika - izo ziri lero chizindikiro cha umuna. Pa nthawi mlingo umenewu wakhala anauzira anthu ambiri musataye ndi kupitiriza kumenyana ndi Aisiraeli.

Obisika mu ulamuliro wa Petro ndi Laura kulandira mutu

Utatu-Sergio Lavra m'nthawi yake kangapo anatumikira monga pothawirapo royals lapansi. Nyumba - ndendende chifukwa cha maulendo awo pafupipafupi zipinda zapadera zinamangidwa. nyumba ino wakhala anakonza makamaka chifukwa cha maulendo ameneŵa.

Agulupa anali kubisalira kupanduka Peter I mu 1682. patatha zaka zisanu, iye anali kumeneko, koma kuthawa chiwembucho. Zinali pano anathandiza a mfumu ya m'tsogolo, wake "lachisangalalo" maalumali, zomwe zinamuthandiza kupirira anachitira chiwembu. Kuyambira obisika izi, ndipo akuyamba nkhani latsopano la Peter I.

Mu 1742 mu obisika anatsegula msonkhano, ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri agulupa analandira udindo wa Lavra. Kuyambira 1747 akuyamba kumanga mpingo wa Smolensk chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Zinatha mpaka 1767. Kalembedwe mpingo - Baroque, ali mawonekedwe anamaliza, komanso zipinda zambirimbiri balustrades.

Mapangidwe Sergiev Posad

mumzindawo ndi kuyamba kuika ngakhale ndi 1610, pamene agulupa anali asilikali ankhondo. Pa nthawi yomweyo tinayamba kuonekera padziko midzi choyamba. Earth obisika anali phindu lalikulu limene chinachititsa kuti lokhudza ndi malonda chitukuko. Chifukwa, ndi kuthetsa anakula, komanso ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, zomwe zinachititsa kuti pakhale mzinda wa Sergiev Posad m'tsogolo. Utatu-Sergio Lavra mwachangu chinathandiza ichi ndi nyumba yake.

Kupeza mutu wa agulupa ya Lavra, ndi zikamera wa sukulu achipembedzo, kulera kuti udindo wapadera. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII padziko obisika anali ambiri midzi kuli anthu. Mu 1782, analandira dzina la Sergiev Posad. Chikugwira kwathunthu zosowa za agulupa za - utumiki ifika ambiri wogonera, malonda, kenako Bwino, etc. Chirichonse chokhudzana ndi zosowa za agulupa ya .. Tikhoza kunena kuti mzinda wa Sergiev Posad, Moscow dera - anali kupitiriza lalikulu la obisika a.

Lavra mu ulamuliro wa Soviet Union

Pa mapangidwe mphamvu Soviet Laurus zasintha. Iwo anagwidwa chuma zambiri za agulupa lapansi. Mu 1918 obisika anali nationalized, ndipo patatha chaka chinakwaniritsidwa kuchita mwano - kutsegula kwa zotsalira za Sergiya Radonezhskogo. chochitika anapanga kusonkhanitsa mu obisika mu Sergiev Posad, Moscow dera anthu ambiri. Akuluakulu atsopano zokambirana okhulupirira - sanawononge mphamvu, koma chinatseguka.

Mu November 1919, Chimonko onse obisika ndi kuti atichotsa ndipo anatumizidwa ku hermitage wa Getsemane, ndipo mu May 1920 izo kwathunthu losindikizidwa ndi kutsekedwa.

Zotsatirazi zochitika izi, agulupa anali kwambiri mabungwe: Museum, ndipo gululi ndi amaphunzirira kuwombera, ndipo ngakhale Pedagogical Institute. Ena nyumba anatanganidwa ndi anyantchoche.

zaka wotsatira ayima kunja kovuta. Mpingo Filaret anawonongedwa, ali m'manda a ena a oyera. Yotsirizira anabedwa ndi mphamvu anaponyedwa m'dzenje la zinyalala.

Resumption kulambira zinachitika mu 1946 pa Isitala. Anabwerera ena zotsalira za oyera mtima, ndi anamasula seminare ndi sukulu. Iwo unali umodzi wa amonke angapo yogwira mu nthawi yovuta kwa Orthodoxy.

Nyengo yatsopano pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR

Kumene, pambuyo Soviet Union anachoka m'bwalolo andale, Orthodox sanathe kubisa chikhulupiriro chawo. Kuwonjezera adapitiriza mu 1948, ntchito Academy ndi Seminary, panopa pali masukulu awiri - iconographic ndi Regency. Komanso, pali kowonera zakale.

Iwo anayamba kutsitsimutsa imawonongeka mchitidwe umenewu ansembe yotchedwa, kenako wopereka utumiki wapadera. Kumanganso hotelo, amene tsopano ali yense ndi zogwiritsa ntchito.

Tsopano agulupa ili pafupi mazana atatu Chimonko, amene ali ndi maudindo osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kufalitsa ndi ntchito waumishonale, okarmlivayut akaidi, komanso kutenga chibvomerezo amwendamnjira.

Zozizwitsa zimene zikuchitika pano

Woyera Utatu ansembe yotchedwa (Sergiev Posad) amakhudza zozizwitsa zonse zimene zinachitika kumeneko chifuniro cha Mulungu. Woyang'anira ya agulupa Sergiy Radonezhsky akhala akuchenjeza mobwerezabwereza za lihe. Kwa nthawi yoyamba izo zinachitika mu 1408. Iye anabwera mu loto m'malo mwake, Nikon, ndi anachenjezedwa za kuopsa. Abale onse anapita ku malo otetezedwa, ndipo m'pake kutero, chifukwa obisika unawotchedwa pansi.

masomphenya ena ofanana chinachitika mu 1611. Iye anali katatu Kuzma Minin ndi kuitana kusonkhanitsa ankhondo ndi kupita amasule Moscow.

Zomangamanga ndi yomanga obisika ndi

Pakali pano, ntchito yomanga obisika, yemwe anamanga mu zaka XV-XIX ndi zina ubwino zomangamanga Russian a nthawi imeneyo. Mwachitsanzo, Pyatnitskaya Tower, amene anaonekera mu 1640, Angelezi. Ndi mmodzi wa wamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo ali munakhazikitsa makumi asanu ndi aŵiri.

Chipika Laura kupyolera Chipata Woyera, limene likupezeka pa Red Chipata nsanja, ali fifite-eyiti munakhazikitsa. Sami zipata anamanga frescoes osiyanasiyana amene amafotokoza za moyo wa St. Sergio wa Radonezh.

Komanso chidwi mapulani zikuchokera ndi Mpingo wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu wa St. Ioanna Predtechi. Iwo chokongoletsedwa kalembedwe wa Moscow Baroque ndi wabwino kulowa chilolezo kwa Lavra.

Mu 1422 linamangidwa Utatu Cathedral mu ulemu wa St. Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Ilitu ndi dongosolo chidwi umene transmits mbali zina za zomangamanga nthawi imeneyo.

Tiakachisi amene ali Laurel

Woyera Utatu Laurus (Sergiyev Posad) zimasunga kwambiri akachisi, zomwe zofunika chikale. Tiyeni tione aliyense wa iwo:

• zotsalira woyera Sergiya Radonezhskogo (ili Utatu Lavra tchalitchi, pafupifupi nthawi zonse chifukwa chakuti adzapeze pa obisika a);
• zotsalira Antoniya Radonezhskogo (kusungidwa mu Dukhovskoi Lavra tchalitchi);
• zotsalira Maksima Greka (kusungidwa mu Refectory Mpingo wa ansembe yotchedwa, anafukula atangomwalira, mu 1996);
• Tikhvin chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu (anapitiriza Utatu Lavra tchalitchi);
• Chernigov chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu (Ibid);
• Icon wa St. Nicholas, amene amalemekezedwa kwambiri (anali mu mpingo wa St. Sergio).

Thandizani odwala Laura

Zochita matenda Laura mankhwala kuti mankhwala akuitana maganizo. Mu Orthodoxy - kuwonongeka ichi ndi misala. Choncho, ambiri KUWONONGA kubwera mwauzimu apa, pamene mzinda wa Sergiev Posad, Lavra. Otchitka anachita ndi mapemphero amene ali cholowa chapadera ichi kuyambira m'zaka za zana lachinayi. Komanso zimachitika mafuta odzozera woyera, ndiye owazidwa madzi oyera ndi wophimba mtanda.

Ndithudi, odwala okha nthawi yomweyo sanachite zinthu ndithu mokwanira. Osautsika ndi ziwanda zosiyanasiyana za thupi la munthu manja zina zachirendo. Odwala komanso zimatulutsa phokoso osiyana, woipa mtima mawu, ndipo croak, kulira, kuseka. Odwala ena anabweretsa ochokera m'madera ena okhudzana.

Mmodzi wa wotulutsa ziwanda ndi mphamvu zambiri mu Sergiev Posad (Laurus) - Atate Herman (adyo). Iye akufuna chithandizo chotere. Mwa njira, ichi si nthabwala, ndipo ndi bwino ngati palibe. Chochitika ichi ndi oopsa chifukwa osadziwa ofooka munthu yekha kukatenga ena chiwanda. Ndiye ndi otchitka muyenera iye, nayenso.

Ali Woyera Utatu St. Sergio Lavra?

Tsopano tiyeni tione kuti mzinda wa Sergiev Posad (Laurus). Adiresi si zovuta. Malowa ali pamtunda m'dera Moscow. Komanso pamalowa mungathe galimoto ku siteshoni Yaroslavl sitima wakunja kwatawuni, amene atsata mwachindunji siteshoni ankafuna. Zoyerekeza galimoto nthawi - theka la ola. Ndiye, basi isanafike obisika kwa kusiteshoni mukhoza kuyenda kapena amasiya limodzi basi.

Kuwonjezera sitima commuter kuti Sergiev Posad basi yotsatira. Iwo amapita ku ENEA zambiri. Basi woyamba masamba pa hafu pasiti sikisi m'mawa ndi wotsiriza - makumi awiri kuti khumi usiku. Kuyambira Sergiev Posad Kodi basi woyamba ndi faifi koloko mu mphindi khumi m'mawa ndi wotsiriza - pa naini koloko madzulo.

Pakuti yabwino kuyenda pa galimoto ku tauni ya Sergiev Posad (Laurus), mapu a m'derali mudzakhala ndi wothandizira. Kugula pamaso pa ulendo, ndipo inu mosavuta kuwafika.