Leishmaniasis nyama: Zizindikiro, Matendawa ndi Chithandizo

Leishmaniasis ndi matenda a nyama anachititsa ndi tiziromboti okhudza maselo ambiri. tiziromboti uyu wa mtundu Leishmania ndi chifukwa cha udzudzu. Kufala kwa matenda amathandiza kuti nyama zoweta ndi zakuthengo. Leishmaniasis kungakhale choipidwa kapena cutaneous.

etiology

Kayendedwe ka moyo wa tiziromboti udzachitika ndi kusintha kwa eni: inakhala, kuphatikizapo anthu, ndi chotengera - ndi udzudzu. Leishmania mitundu amapezeka 2 - flagellated parasitizing matupi tizilombo m'magazi woyamwa ndi bezzhgutikovaya - macrophages maselo khamu.

Kugawira leishmaniasis nyama ndi makamaka kuderako. Pankhaniyi, ambiri a milandu m'kaundula m'mayiko osauka. M'mayiko 32, matenda umamumvera kulembetsa kuvomerezedwa.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu leishmaniasis nyama Russia anatulukira mu 1909. Pankhaniyi nkhawa agalu a Caucasus. Kuyambira mu 2008 mpaka 2010, milandu 52 ya matenda agalu akhala mayina Ukraine.

epizootology

matenda ayamba nyama yowola kapena anthu. Tizilombo ndi bloodsucking kupeza amastigote, amene ayamba kuswana mwachangu m'matumbo wake. masiku 8-10 amastigote adziwonetsa ngati mawonekedwe olanda, anaikira mu Zikuluzikulu udzudzu ndi zigawo kutsogolo kwa intestine lapansi. Nthawi yotsatira inu kuluma chonyamulira tiziromboti akulowa m'magazi ndi msana anayamba kubereka. Chabe tsiku mu chipinda akhoza kukhala zidutswa zoposa 200 amostigot. Yodzaza maselo tiziromboti ali inawonongedwa, amastigote akugwidwa ndi maselo wapafupi umene ndondomeko akubwerezedwa. Choncho, leishmania ndi pakhungu, mafupa, chiwindi, lymph mfundo kapena ziwalo zina.

Nthawi makulitsidwe

Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a chipatala ndi matenda osiyana. The makulitsidwe nyengo ya leishmaniasis choipidwa ukhoza mpaka miyezi 10, kuyamba pang'onopang'ono.

Khungu Leishmaniasis kusiyana mofulumira, nthawi yake makulitsidwe ndi waufupi kwambiri.

umboni

Matenda mosabvuta nyama ya m'badwo uliwonse komanso jenda. Mu nyama mu magawo oyambirira kawirikawiri kuonetsa zizindikiro, imbaenda matenda mochedwa, ndipo anthu ambiri anaphedwa. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti atengeke ambiri nyama leishmaniasis zaka 3-5.

Leishmaniasis nyama, zithunzi zimene Tingaone pano, umachitika ndi chiwembu chakale, zokhudza ziwalo zonse ndi maselo a chinyama.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis limayamba ndi maonekedwe a tinatake tozungulira pa malo kuluma chonyamulira. M'kupita kwa nthawi, tinatake tozungulira izi kuyenda mu zilonda. Kwambiri atengeke malo matenda chachikulu kuzungulira maso, mlatho wa mphuno ndi makutu a nyama.

Mu mawonekedwe a matenda akhoza kukumana ndi waulesi kwa chaka kapena kuposerapo. Imfa ya nyama panthawi imeneyi ndi osowa kwambiri. Choipidwa leishmaniasis amapezeka ovuta kwambiri: ingakhale yopweteka kwambiri kapena yokhalitsa. Ngati pali mtundu uliwonse malungo, pali maganizo ambiri a nyama, aakulu kuwonda.

Imodzi ndi zizindikiro zina ndi mtima nyama anayamba conjunctivitis, kuchepa magazi, kudzimbidwa kawirikawiri anati. Pakhoza kukhala ziwalo kapena paresis, kwambiri chakhungu hemodynamics. Popeza mchikakamizo cha parasitic chamoyo anawononga pang'onopang'ono thupi lawo siligwirizana kapena poizoni.

Pa chulutsa Leishmania kuchuluka chiwindi, lymph mfundo ndi ndulu. Mawonekedwe pachimake matenda ndi mmene zambiri nyama. Kawirikawiri, munthu amafa miyezi yowerengeka pambuyo zizindikiro woyamba wa matendawa. Nthawi zina milandu kuchira.

Mu leishmaniasis choipidwa maonekedwe a mtima pang'onopang'ono wa nyama kufooka thupi, kuchuluka kutopa. Khungu blanch, chilakolako yafupika. Mu stepi ino, inu Tingaone ndi palpation zikuluzikulu ndulu. A kuwonjezeka pang'ono kutentha amapezeka. Ngati kutentha kwambiri chifukwa kwambiri, umasonyeza kutalika kwa matenda. imeneyo ya matenda ukhoza miyezi 3.

magazi m'thupi, cachexia angayambe pa chitukuko cha matenda. Zimachitika pa malo mucous anakhudzidwa ndi necrosis. Mukhoza kuona matenda a mtima.

Leishmaniasis nyama mu mawonekedwe a khungu amapezeka mkati mwa masiku 10-20. Poyamba pali papule awiri pafupifupi 3 cm. Pambuyo pafupifupi 2 masabata ndi kale zotheka kusunga malo necrotic atazunguliridwa wodzigudubuza walowerera khungu ndi secretions mvula. Suli kutali ndi leyshmanomy chachikulu anapanga tokhala sekondale kuti isanduke zilonda latsopano. M'kupita kwa nthawi, miliri onse kuphatikiza mu malo lina lalikulu. Ndi yoyenera yake zilonda zam'mimba izi kuchiritsa m'miyezi yochepa, mu malo awo, zitsala zipsera chidwi kuti kawirikawiri yokutidwa ndi tsitsi kachiwiri. The tokhala ndi zironda ali pafupifupi sabweretsa chisoni formations.

zosokonezeka

Pa njira mokwanira yaitali matenda ndi chiopsezo osauka nephritis, diathesis, chibayo, agranulocytosis. Mkulu Mwina kutupa suppurative necrotizing. Ndi chotupa chapadera cha thupi zotheka sizingasinthe limba kuwononga masomphenya.

diagnostics

Pamene leishmaniasis maphunziro osiyanasiyana kudziwa causative wothandizira. Choncho, wathunthu kusanthula magazi angasonyeze chodziwa ESR, hypochromic magazi m'thupi, otsika ndende ya maselo othandiza magazi kuundana. Sayansi awulule hypergammaglobulinemia. Cutaneous leishmaniasis nyama matenda pambuyo kudzipatula tizilomboto zilonda ndi timabamputimabampu. Choipidwa Leishmania wapezeka mu zikhalidwe magazi. Mu zina, biopsy unapangidwa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana.

Mu maphunziro AIDS kubala mayeso khungu ndi leyshmaninom (Montenegro anachita).

Panopa chitukuko cha njira zatsopano za matenda a leishmaniasis, popeza kuti anthu amene alipo panopa, amafuna ndalama kwambiri chuma ndi kutenga nthawi yambiri.

Zilonda ndi leishmaniasis ngati foci ku tizilombo ta matenda kalabankulo, kotero ndi matenda zolondola adalipo kupewa pamaso pa nthumwi za matenda a anthrax.

kaonedwe

Leishmaniasis mu nyama kudutsa wofatsa, nthawi zina limatha ndi kuchira palokha. Ndi matenda yake ndiponso moyenera mankhwala alowererepo yabwino kuchotsa matenda ndi wamkulu. Pa lalikulu, ngati kachilombo anthu ndi chitetezo chokwanira ofooka, pakalibe thandizo pharmacological ayenera imfa. Leishmaniasis khungu zonse masamba zipsera kapena zipsera.

chithandizo

Leishmaniasis nyama ankachitira ndi mankhwala pentavalent antimony. mtundu wa mankhwala "Glyukantima", "Solyusurmina" kapena "Neostibozana". Pamene choipidwa mawonekedwe a matenda, mankhwala awa kutumikiridwa m'nsinga pa masiku 7-10 ndi kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono mlingo. Mu nkhani ya osakwanira mphamvu ya mankhwala kulumikiza "Amphotericin B", umene jekeseni pang'onopang'ono m'nsinga osakaniza ndi 5% shuga njira.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis nyama pa siteji Woyamba kuchiritsidwa ndi jekeseni hillocks "monomitsin" "Urotopinom". jakisoni Komanso yopangidwa ndi kukonzekera yemweyo odzola. Ngati chilonda ndi kale anapanga, kutsatira njira mu mnofu "Miramistin". Kuti imathandizira pa ndondomeko ya kumanga zilonda, izo azimwa mankhwala laser.

njira kubwerera ku matenda ndi "Pentamidine" ndi "Amphotericin B", amene anatumizidwa milandu tiziromboti kukana kuti formulations chikhalidwe kapena muyambirenso za matenda.

Kuti bwino chithandizo Chinawonjezeka zophatikizananso interferon Popanga madzi a gamma anayamba zochizira anthu.

Nthawi zina, m'pofunika kuchiza kuchotsa ndulu ya opaleshoni.

Ngakhale miyezo anatengedwa kuchotsa matenda, ngakhale pambuyo kuchira kwathunthu kwa tizilomboto ziweto thupi la leishmaniasis sangathe kwathunthu kutha.

kupewa

Pa nthawi, palibe njira katemera nyama ndi anthu. Chitetezo ku kulumidwa wa Phlebotomus kuti azimwa tizirombo yapadera, cholinga ntchito Chowona Zanyama.

Monga kupewa leishmaniasis m'madera pa chiopsezo, lithe kuthetsa malo udzudzu anapanga maofesi disinfestation.

Kudziwa matenda mwa nyama zoweta, eniake analandira chemoprophylaxis "pyrimethamine."

Pa kudziwika kwa matenda zilombo pofuna kupewa chiwonongeko cha nyama tikulimbikitsidwa kuti amalize liquidation mitembo yawo.

Amaonera anthu

anthu oposa 350 panopa ali pangozi yotenga kachilomboka. Foci wa leishmaniasis amafalitsidwa m'madera ambiri a ku Asia ndi ku Ulaya. M'madera osiyanasiyana a zamoyo zina za leishmaniasis - wamoyo pali tizilombo m'magazi woyamwa. Milandu leishmaniasis choipidwa mayina Ukraine, North Ossetia, mu Crimea steppes, mapiri a Caucasus ndiponso m'madera ena.

matenda si opatsirana mwachindunji ku nyama munthu, koma pamene woyamba matenda prophylaxis akulimbikitsidwa anthu, chifukwa chakuti matendawa akusonyeza pamaso pa zonyamulira ake.

zotsatira

Leishmaniasis - awa ndi matenda, zomwe sizidzipezera umatulutsa mankhwala akupha. Choncho, nyama odwala kapena munthu akhoza ndipo nthawi yachiwiri ndi yachitatu. Komabe, Zikatero n'zochepa kwambiri, choncho ndi chodziwikiratu kuti nyama kupulumuka matenda mobwerezabwereza oposa awiri.

Pofuna kupewa zisadzachitikenso mankhwala matenda akulimbikitsidwa chithandizo, ntchito miyezi sikisi iliyonse. Komabe, kawirikawiri zingachititse kuti chitukuko cha kulimbikira lake ndi zotsatira poizoni.

Pambuyo matenda nyama akusowa konzanso yaitali, monga mu nkhani ya kuchotsa tsankho kapena wathunthu wa matupi ayenera opaleshoni kudya pang'ono.

Leishmaniasis nyama - ndi woopsa kwambiri ndipo matenda sioneka, kotero kukhala m'madera ovutika ayenera kuyang'aniridwa kwa chiweto kuti maonekedwe zizindikiro woyamba (kapena ngakhale kukayikitsa matenda) kukhala pa nthawi kupereka thandizo lofunika.