Makampani ku China. Makampani and Agriculture a China

Kukula mofulumira makampani ku China inayamba mu 1978. Ndi pamene boma anayamba mwachangu kugwiritsa kusintha owolowa manja zachuma. Choyamba, iwo kogwirizana ndi reorientation zoyambirira katundu mafakitale, kukopa ndalama zakunja ndi kulenga mabacteria zachuma ndi msonkho yabwino ndi zolimbana nyengo. Chifukwa, mu nthawi yathu, dziko lino ndi mmodzi wa atsogoleri dziko kupanga pafupifupi magulu mankhwala onse.

A mwachidule mbiri ya chitukuko cha mafakitale ku China

Monga zodabwitsa monga zingamvekere, koma mpaka m'ma m'ma, China anali theka-ang'onoang'ono boma dongosolo ndi chimanga chosakhwima chuma ndi kupanga. Kumbali ya mafakitale, izo lagged kumbuyo m'mayiko olemera a dziko oposa mazana zaka, ndi zinthu monga chofunika ndi agrarian mafuta. Zinthu zinayamba kusintha pambuyo 1949, pamene China analengeza. Pambuyo atagwira m'kanthawi kochepa malonda mafakitale ndi ulimi mu China anayamba mofulumira. Umboni wosatsutsika izi angatchedwe chakuti zaka zoposa makumi asanu mu dziko anaonekera za 370 zikwi mabizinesi latsopano. Voliyumu ya ulimi nthawi imeneyi chinawonjezeka ndi nthawi 39. Masiku ano, dziko ali mu udindo waukulu mu dziko chiwerengero cha mafakitale. makampani wake wonse pa Izi zinkayimira 360 mafakitale osiyana. Chifukwa mitengo kwambiri mkulu kukula, boma zina ngakhale kukakamizidwa kuletsa iye. Izi zachitika kupewa mavuto lotsatira ndi zodabwitsa mu chuma padziko lonse. The malo aakulu kwambiri a makampani China anaikira makamaka m'mphepete mwa nyanja m'zigawo kum'mawa. Zikuphatikizapo Liaoning, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Shandong ndi zina.

M'zigawo mpweya ndi mafuta

Dziko akudzitamandira ndi subsoil mwachilungamo wolemera. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, processing makampani a China anayamba kuposa migodi. Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, kukula kwa nkhokwe gasi anapeza mu zigawo kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa kwa dzikoli, akatswiri amanena kuti matani oposa 4 biliyoni zikwi. Monga lero, ndi kufufuza zosakwana 4% ya iwo. Monga kupanga mafuta, kenako chimachititsa limodzi mwa magawo asanu a yopanga mafuta ndi mphamvu chuma cha Ufumu Middle. Nkhokwe za golide wakuda, zomwe 16% ya ndalama za katundu, pali biliyoni 64 matani. Panopa m'dziko pali 32 makampani amene amakhazikika mu mafuta kupanga. Mafakitare yaikulu m'dera lanu processing zake m'zigawo za Tsaidam Yuymen, Dagani ndi Shandong.

makampani kuwala

Back mu nthawi chisanadze chosintha, kuwala makampani ku China wachita otsogolera mu kapangidwe ka chuma chake. Nkofunika kuti chitukuko cha dziko malowa mpaka lero. Ndithudi, chakudya ndi nsalu mafakitale nkhani pafupifupi 21% ya mankhwala onse mafakitale kupanga dziko. Tonga makampani yotulutsa izo, amwazikira kudutsa dziko. The adzasowa chakudya ndi ambiri otukuka mu chakumadzulo kwa China. Mu madera kumpoto-kumadzulo ali makamaka makampani kuti amakhazikika mu ulimi wa ziweto ndi processing wa thonje. kampani North-kum'mawa makamaka chinkhoswe mu pepala, Mkaka ndi shuga malangizo a mafakitale monga makampani kuwala China. Ambiri, mu boma, pali pa 23 zikwi makampani nsalu, kumene yopanga zipangizo ndi processing yodziwika ndi cholinga bwino, komanso za 65 zikwi makampani mu makampani chakudya. Musaiwale ndi zonse izi, ndi kupanga pepala. Ngakhale kuti si monga wofuna ngati Boma yapita awiri, komabe kumathandiza kwambiri pa chitukuko cha dziko.

makampani lolemera

Mofananamo, ena Boma la chuma, m'malo mofulumira ikusintha ndi makampani waukulu China. Makampani okhazikika mu pambuyo nyamuka yaitali mu zaka zingapo zapitazi lakhala khalidwe la kuchepa mabuku kupanga. Pa nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri dziko, izo ziribe kanthu kochita ndi amasokoneza ndi mitengo. chakuti dziko tsopano ali mphamvu muyeso, amene motsutsa likhale liwiro mowa, osati dziko komanso padziko lonse, inu muyenera kudula. The yosafuna zambiri, monga mchitidwe ikusonyeza kuti ngati lero makampani ndi mabizinezi ang'onoang'ono. Akatswiri amati zimenezi УSizingapitirire nthawi yaitali, kotero msika ndithu kuti adagawanso posachedwapa, kenako za 5% makampani ntchito imeneyi adzapita zinatha kapena adzakhala chosakanikirana ndi Makampani akuluakulu.

zomangamanga

Mpaka pakati pa zaka zana zapitazo, ankaimba palibe ntchito pa chitukuko cha chuma China. makampani dziko pafupifupi osati chopangidwa makina ndi mbali mbali, ndege, mathirakitala, magalimoto ndi zina zotero. Ndipotu luso lopanga pambuyo ulimi mu 1949 analengedwa latsopano China. Only pamene woyamba zaka zisanu Plan mu dziko linamangidwa zomera zoposa 60. (magawo atatu a iwo inamangidwa chifukwa cha thandizo yogwira ku Soviet Union). Motero, tsopano zinthu zasintha kwambiri. Panopa, makampani umabala oposa 53 zikwi mankhwala kwathunthu ikukwaniritsa zosowa mkati mwa dziko. Pakuti malo waukulu wa zomangamanga ndi Beijing, Shenyang, Shanghai ndi Tianjin.

zitsulo

Monga taonera, dziko wolemera kwambiri zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chitukuko ichi ndithu ndipo makampani azitsulo China. Pafupifupi m'chigawo kapena yoyenda yokha dera kumene mabizinezi a zitsulo akakhala, chiwerengero cha amene alumphe chilemba cha 1.5 zikwi. boma limapanga zoposa zikwi mitundu ya chitsulo, kuphatikizapo kasakaniza wazitsulo kwa makampani ndege, yodziwika ndi mkulu kutentha kukana, ndi mkulu amasankha ndi makhalidwe anakonzeratu. The drawback waukulu, umene uli lililonse makampani ambiri m'munda umenewu, anakhala wotsika luso mlingo wa ulimi ndi osauka kutiyesa ndi zamakono. Komanso, pafupifupi 70% mwa makampani amenewa ambiri si zida ndi zipangizo chithandizo. Koma zitsulo sanali akakhala, zikhalidwe chitukuko yake bwinobwino monga yabwino anafotokoza monga m'chikondi cha dziko lapansi pali wolemera miyala ya mkuwa, manganese, nthaka, siliva, golide, kutsogolera ndi ores zina zambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo tisaiwale kuti makumi angapo zapitazo, mwachangu anayamba migodi okha ena a iwo, ndipo iye anali ikuchitika kukhala chaotically, popanda malamulo a pulayimale chitetezo.

kupanga galimoto

Yofunika kwambiri kwa chuma cha dziko masewero makampani magalimoto ku China. Mphamvu ya malamulo anathamangitsa ndi boma m'dera limeneli ndi lalitali kwambiri. Choyamba, izo chimaoneka ndi chakuti State ali bwinobwino anayamba mogwirizana ndi zambiri makampani kutsogolera galimoto. Ngati lero lakumwamba yekha amapereka pafupifupi onse akufunika zoweta galimoto. Choncho matanthauzo ake si upambana mlingo wa 10%. Zimenezi kukuchitika chifukwa chakuti boma sikuti amafuna kuti motorization alionse (makina omwe ali% 1 okha a anthu). chiwerengero A misonkho, ntchito ndi kukaniza anatsogolera chakuti galimoto yodula.

zomangamanga

M'malo mokhala mu malo otsiriza mawu a chitukuko ndi China wa zomangamanga. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa m'dzikoli muli nkhokwe yaikulu gypsum, graphite, khwatsi, mkulu khalidwe dongo, asibesitosi, miyala ndi Mica. Chachikulu kwambiri za mitundu yonse zomangira ndi ulimi wa simenti, umene unakhazikitsidwa dera kumpoto kum'mawa kwa dzikoli. Ambiri mwa makampani kwa kupanga matailosi ceramic ali anaikira mu Boshan, Jiangxi, Shenyang ndi Urumqi, ndi mafakitale njerwa - sakhala patali ndi Beijing. m'mudzimo wotchuka makampani ake amphamvu Sichuan asibesitosi.

makampani mankhwala

Ngakhale nkhokwe lalikulu mpweya, malasha ndi phosphates, mu China kwa nthawi yaitali sanali kulabadira kwa mafakitale ambiri. Ena a iwo mophweka kachiwiri analenga pambuyo zisinthe. Zinali nazonso, ndi makampani mankhwala China. Mu zoyambirira za makumi asanu Mu zaka zapitazo, panali 33 makampani akuluakulu kuti amakhazikika mu dera limeneli. Pa nthawi yomweyo ngati nthawi yochepa mndandanda wa katundu chawonjezeka tenfold, ndi chizindikiro cha maudindo 900. Yaikulu mabizinezi mankhwala inali ku Nanjing, Shanghai, Harbin, Shenyang ndi Jilin.

ulimi

Nambala nthawi kuchuluka kwa anthu amatsogolera ndi kuwonjezeka mu mowa chakudya. Mu nkhani imeneyi, boma la China akuitana patsogolo kuonetsetsa zina yogwira chitukuko cha mafakitale monga processing chakudya ndi ulimi mu China. Dziko ali ndi mfundo zonse chonse thandizo la wamba kuti kusintha mlingo wake wa moyo ndi kukula zokolola za mbewu. Makamaka alimi asamagwire misonkho ya zaulimi, misonkho pa kupanga adzaphana ndi ndalama zina. Komanso nzika zikugwira ntchito imeneyi, malinga onse a ang'onoang'ono, ndalamachi, ngongole yabwino ndi ngakhale chithandizo zosadziwika. Pafupifupi zigawo zonse pa mlingo malamulo, boma amatitsimikizira kugula mbewu kuchokera kwa alimi. mawu enieni ayenera zopereka obereketsa asayansi m'deralo, amene anatha kubweretsa nambala mbewu zokolola, kangapo kuposa mitundu chikhalidwe.

Pomaliza

Nkhaniyi mwachidule chabe mafakitale zikuluzikulu China. Mosakayikira, ndi lakumwamba Ufumu lakwaniritsa bwino kwambiri mu madera ena a ntchito zachuma. Zikuphatikizapo chitukuko cha mfundo ndi luso zamoyo asatayike, kupanga zinyalala, kulankhulana, kuwongolera makompyuta, chitukuko cha magwero mphamvu zatsopano, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa malo ndi malo ena ambiri.