Nthambi zikuluzikulu za chuma ndi kufunika kwawo mu umoyo wa boma

Dziko lirilonse, kuchokera ku US lopambana kwambiri kupita ku mayiko osauka kwambiri ku Central Africa, liri ndi mlingo wokha wa chitukuko, womwe umatsimikiziridwa ndi chitukuko cha mbiri ya chitukuko ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa zinthu zatsopano zomwe zakhala zikuchitika mu nthambi zazikuru za chuma cha dziko. M'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, panali mgwirizano wa mayiko ambiri otsogolera mu malonda amodzi, omwe amalola kuti tiyankhule za lingaliro ngati chuma cha dziko. Lero, dziko lirilonse liri ndi mafakitale awo, omwe malonda anu amakulolani kuchita ntchito zachuma zakunja ndi kulandira phindu lina.

Nthambi ya zachuma ndi magulu a mafakitale ndi mabungwe ogulitsa omwe ali ndi zowonjezera zogulitsa, zosowa zokhutiritsa ndi mateknoloji enaake. Choncho, ngati gawo la katundu wina kapena gulu la katundu limapanga pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya voliyumu yake yopanga, ndiye kuti amalonda a ogulitsa akhoza kuphatikizidwa kukhala mafakitale ena, omwe adzasinthidwa ndi dongosolo la KVED (kuwonetsera zochitika zachuma).

Nthambi zamakono zamakono zinagawidwa kuti zikhale zosiyana siyana zachuma chifukwa cha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zothandizira komanso kusamvana kwa ntchito. Zambiri zofunika muchuma pa chitukuko chake chapamwamba zathandiza kuti magawo ake akhale zigawo zomwe zili ndi maulumikizano ambiri. Chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa zochitika za sayansi ndi zamakono, miyoyo ya anthu yakula bwino, yomwe inakhudzanso malonda a mafakitale ambiri. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, kupita patsogolo mofulumira kwachititsa kuti madera ambiri azachuma asakhale ndi nthawi yosinthidwa, ndipo malonda opangidwa mofulumira amakhala opanda ntchito. Ndi chifukwa chake vuto lalikulu pakukula kwa kayendetsedwe ka zachuma ndilokulumikizana, lomwe liyenera kuwonetsetsa bwino zonse zatsopano ndikukhazikitsa mwamsanga kusintha komwe kumachitika padziko lapansi.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mu dongosolo ladziko pali chomwe chimatchedwa ulamuliro wa golidi wa chuma, chomwe chimakhalapo kuti kupanga kulikonse mu chuma kukubweretsere phindu lalikulu. Chifukwa cha izi, tikuwona chitukuko chomwe chikuchitika m'dziko lapansi lerolino. Ngati malonda ndi injini ya malonda, phindu ndilo cholinga chomwe dziko lonse lapansi likuyendetsera chuma.

Choncho, nthambi zonse zachuma m'dziko lathu zili ndi magawo ena, ndipo zochitika zonse ndi zovuta zachuma za dongosolo lachuma zingagawidwe m'magulu otsatirawa:

1. Maofesi a m'madera - magawano ndi gawo;
2. Kupanga malo (TPK) - akugawidwa molingana ndi mwapadera.
3. Zomangamanga zamakampani ndi mafakitale ndi mzinda, chigawo.
4. Zida zamakampani - makampani omwe amapanga malo ena ochepa.

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, magawo onse a chuma akugawidwa m'magulu ena ogwira ntchito, monga awa:

- mafuta ndi mphamvu: mafakitale ogwiritsa ntchito magetsi , mafakitale ogwiritsa ntchito magetsi , mafakitale, mafakitale a petrochemical ndi mankhwala, mafakitale, zomangamanga ndi zina zotero.

- Agrarian ndi mafakitale: chomera kukula, ziweto;

- Makampani opangira: kusoka, nsalu, nsapato, ubweya;

- Zakudya zakudya: kumalongeza, nyama, mafuta ndi mafuta, pasta, kusakaniza, nsomba, shuga, mchere ndi vinyo.

Poganizira mwachidule zonsezi, ziyenera kunena kuti dongosolo lachuma la dzikoli ndilofunika kwambiri pa kayendetsedwe ka chitukuko chake, ndikuwongolera njira zake ndi zofunikira. Pomalizira pake, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chuma cha dziko lirilonse chiri pa chitukuko chokhazikika, pa liwiro la momwe chitukuko chazamakono chimadalira dziko komanso momwe umoyo wa anthu onse umakhalira. Ndi chifukwa chake boma lirilonse liyenera kuika patsogolo patsogolo pa kayendedwe ka chuma.