Makhalidwe a ndalama mu 1938: ndi ndani omwe ali nawo chidwi ndi momwe anamasulidwa

Mbiri ya Soviet ndalama yokha ndiyo yosangalatsa kwambiri. Ndizosangalatsa kuona mmene nthawi yomwe ulamuliro wa Soviet ulili komanso mfundo zake zinasinthidwa, zikuwonetseratu za kupanga ndalama ndi mapepala a pepala. Zolembedwa, akuluakulu akuluakulu a boma, lingaliro logwirizanitsa anthu ogwira ntchito m'mabwalo ofiira - zonsezi sizinalembedwe m'mabuku komanso m'maganizo a anthu, komanso ndalama.

Ndalama zoyambirira za Soviet

Poyamba, ndalama za Soviet, zomwe zinaloŵa mmalo mwa tsarist, zinasonyeza lingaliro latsopano kwa anthu a ku Russia-kugwirizana kwa anthu ogwira nawo ntchito ndi kukhazikitsa boma la chikhalidwe cha anthu. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti ndalama zoterezo zimavala umunthu (monga, chitsanzo, ndalama mu 1938).

Kusintha kwa ndalama za Soviet mu 1935

Kusintha kwaphiphiritso m'makonzedwe a ndalama mu nkhani ya 1935. Kuchokera kumbali yawo kutsogolo chilankhulocho chinachotsedwa: "Antchito a mayiko onse agwirizanitsa!". Kusintha kumeneku kunali chisonyezero cha kusintha kwa ndondomeko yachilendo kuchokera ku mayiko ena kupita ku zomangamanga m'dziko limodzi.

Komanso, nthiti zingapo zatsopano zinawonjezedwa ku chida cha USSR , chomwe chinkaimiridwa ndi mayiko ena. Mu 1935 panali asanu ndi limodzi okha a iwo, koma pofika 1957, matani khumi ndi asanu anawoneka pa mikono.

Ndalama za 1938

Ndalama za chaka chomwe anatchulidwazo zinali ndi zipembedzo za masentimita awiri mpaka makumi awiri. Mwa njira, kumasulidwa kobwereza kwa ndalama zoterozo kunachitika kokha m'ma makumi asanu okha. Ndalama zopezeka mu 1938 ndizopadera - zidasindikizidwa mu makina osakanikirana komanso ndipamwamba kwambiri kuposa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma thirties.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mapangidwe a alloy, omwe mapepala awa anapangidwira, sakudziwika bwinobwino. Osonkhanitsa ena amakhulupirira kuti nambala yayigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pothamangitsa, pamene ena amakhulupirira kuti siliva imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Palibe lingaliro limodzi. Kotero, zikutanthauza kuti kopecks zomwe tazitchulazi zinali kuzungulira ndi chinsinsi chachinsinsi, chifukwa palibe amene akudziwa ndendende momwe zinalili, zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito komanso zomwe zinali mtengo weniweni wa ndalama za 1938. Ndani sadzapangire phunziroli?

1 kopeck

Mtengo wa ndalama zowoneka ngati zopanda ntchito mu zaka makumi atatu, zafika kumwamba. Ziwerengero zimayamikira kwambiri chipembedzo ichi chifukwa cha zojambula ndi zojambula zake zapadera. Kulemera kwa ndalama ndi pafupifupi galamu imodzi. Mimba mwake ndi millimeters khumi ndi zisanu.

Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi chithunzi cha malaya a USSR ndipo amamva mosiyana ndi mfundo yakuti, mosiyana ndi ndalama zomwe zisanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito, panalibe asanu ndi awiri koma khumi ndi limodzi. Pamwamba pa makutuwo, dzuwa limatuluka linawonetsedwa, ndi chikwakwa ndi nyundo pamwamba pa dziko lapansi pakati pa malaya.

2 kopecks

Ndalama ya chipembedzo ichi ili ndi mitundu yambiri. Kuchitika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma copecks nthawi zambiri kumakhudzana ndi mavuto pa ndalama. Ndipo mukhoza kudziwa momwe amaonekera ndi chiwerengero cha mitsempha. Chitani ichi ndi galasi lokulitsa ndipo, ndithudi, bukhu lofotokozera. Kulemera kwa dzina lake la ndalama ndi magalamu awiri, ndipo kukula kwake kuli pafupifupi masentimita awiri.

Mtengo wa ndalama, wokhala ndi nkhope ya kopecks ziwiri, umasiyana ndi ruble mazana awiri mpaka madola zikwi imodzi. Mtengo umadalira kusowa kwake ndi kuoneka kwa ndalama yomweyi mu 1938. Wina akhoza kukhala wosiyana ndi kusiyana kwa ndalama izi, koma wina sangawasamalire ndi kugulitsa kopikirapo kawirikawiri kwa rubles mazana angapo. Kuchuluka kwa ndalama iyi kumadalira, monga tanena kale, makamaka pa zojambulazo.

15 kopecks

Ndalama yamtengo wapatali imakhala yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa ogula, ngakhale panthawi ina inali yofala kwambiri.

Mbali yake yakutsogolo inali yokongoletsedwa ndi chizindikiro cha boma cha USSR. Mu 1938, kapangidwe ka ndalama sikunasinthe kanthu kakang'ono, mmalo mwake, m'malo mwake, izo zinaphweka.

Potsalira pa penny yake phindu lake limatchulidwa. Zolembazo "15" zimakhala mbali zambiri, ndipo kumbali ndi pamwamba pali nthambi za thundu. Kulemera kwa ndalamayi ndi 2.7 magalamu, ndi mamitamita 19. Monga momwe zilili ndi makecks ena chaka chino, mbali ya kutsogolo kwa ndalama imasonyeza mtolo umodzi wa makutu. Iwo ali ndi tanthauzo - iwo amaimira mayiko khumi ndi limodzi a USSR (ndipo kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi zitatu analipo asanu ndi awiri).

Mtengo wa ndalama za kopecks 15, mu 1938, zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri, koma mwa malire odzichepetsa - kuchokera pa imodzi mpaka madola asanu ndi awiri. Mtengo wotsika woterewu, makamaka poyerekeza ndi ndalama zina za 1938, wina angadabwe, koma kawirikawiri, amafotokozedwa mosavuta ndi makulu ambiri.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zida za alloys nthawi zonse zimatetezedwa ndalama kuchokera ku fake ndipo sizinalole kuti ochita malonda awulule chinsinsi cha kupanga kopeck. Chodabwitsa ichi chikuwonekera mu 1938 komanso. Amene chitsimikizo ichi chiyenera kuganizira wolemba wake, sichidziwika bwino.

Malingaliro a chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, omwe adakhudza kwambiri maganizo a anthu, owonetsedwa ndi ndalama, ngati kuti akutsindika ndi kukumbukira ntchito ya boma yomwe inabweretsa ndalama. Ndipo kawirikawiri, zikuwonekeratu kuti pakupangidwe ndi kujambula kwa ndalamazo kusintha komwe kunachitika mu 1938 ku USSR kunawonetsedwa.

Kusintha kwa lingaliro lokha kungatheke ngati tiyerekezera ndalama za makumi awiri, makumi atatu, makumi asanu, ndi makumi asanu ndi awiri. Iwo ndi osiyana kwambiri. Choyamba, mawu akuti "Ogwira ntchito m'mayiko onse amagwirizanitsa!" Zimatha , kenako zizindikiro zowawa ndi mafano (mwachitsanzo, chithunzi cha antchito ndi olima pamabanki) amatha.

Chikoka cha Socialism, monga chimadziwika, chinadutsa malire a Soviet Union. Mu ndalama za Communist China ndalama zinapezanso khalidwe lofalitsa anthu.

Mwachifaniziro cha yuan, mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kuzindikira lingaliro lofanana logwirizanitsa anthu ogwira ntchito limodzi ndi anthu a m'mayiko omwe akulimbana ndi chikhalidwe chawo.

Inde, ndalama zakhala ziri zofunika pa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo mafano pa iwo anali chithunzi cha mzimu wa fuko (mwachitsanzo, a Presidents a US pa dola), ndipo izi ndizochitika zachilengedwe.