Malipiro chiwombolo

malipiro chiwombolo - opaleshoni boma kucitika mu Russian Ufumu mogwirizana ndi kuthetsedwa wa serfdom. Cholinga cha ndi kulimbikitsa gawo la dziko umwini wamba. Isanafike chiyambi cha kusintha anthu, ndi ufulu, analipira ntchito zigawo za tidakocheza ndi barshchina mangawa. Iwo anali "mongoyembekezera wokakamizidwa wamba".

malipiro chiwombolo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kaya zofuna za mwanaciro munda. Komabe, kuchuluka lonse, kuchuluka amene inaŵerengeredwa pamaziko a chakudya cha nkhanizi, wamba anali kupirira zonse. Madziwa chiwombolo ngongole. Koma zinachitika yekha pa kupeza malo, ndi munda wa mayiko malo Kwawokhawokha. Kutsiliza ndikupeleka The ikukhudza kuchotsa ubale dziko mokakamizidwa pakati mwininyumba ndi m'mphawi.

The ndikupeleka chiwombolo kwenikweni amaganiza monga ulamuliro, yaufulu mwagwirizana pangano. Pamodzi ndi ichi, mwininyumba kumawonongetsa mokakamizidwa opaleshoni. Komabe, mu nkhani iyi, malipiro chiwombolo anali masamu pa ngongole, ndi mwininyumba wataya ufulu kulandira Malipilo zina. ndalama zina anali amadalira kotheratu pangano anamaliza pakati pa mwininyumba ndi wamba, pankhani imeneyi, ziwerengero zolondola pa nkhani zikusowa. Amadziwika Komabe, kukula kwa ndalama zina wofanana makumi awiri mpaka twente-faifi peresenti pa za ngongole ya.

malipiro chiwombolo anali osauka a mtundu ovuta kwambiri misonkho mwachindunji. ubwino amadalira mangawa amene analipo pa nthawiyo. Komabe, malipiro chiwombolo likanakhala zosakwana kusiya-lendi.

M'zigawo sanali wakuda lapansi, pamene nsomba zambiri anali otukuka, kuchuluka kwa dziko anali akanagwiritsa kwa ndalama zochepa ndi phindu dziko. Kumadera kumeneku, mwininyumba ali anasonyeza dziko lake kugula yeniyeni mawerengedwe a zachuma. Ndipo ngakhale anataya malipiro owonjezera zoona, anagulitsa malo pa mtengo kwambiri kuposa phindu lake lenileni. Choncho, 1877 chaka chinayi chiwerengero cha wotuluka anapempha mwininyumba ndi pafupifupi nthawi kuposa chiwerengero cha wotuluka mwa pangano mangawawo.

Lamulo la chiwombolo oyambirira ndi zina alipire anali envisaged. Malinga ndi nkhani (Article 165), zikanakhala zotheka kuti malipiro chiwombolo ndi kufuna kuonetsetsa dziko yoyenera yomweyo. Dziko limeneli anakhala chuma payekha a wamba a. Nkhani izi anagwedeza mtundu dera pa nthawi yogwila nchito. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 kwambiri dipo chiri sikisite chachisanu Nkhani zana. Choncho, mpaka 1882, chaka chomwe kunditumiza ku umwini wa wamba za ziwembu 47.735, ndipo zaka zisanu pambuyo chithunzi ichi chinawonjezeka kufika 101 413 wambiri. Choncho, anali sanaiwombole chaka 1887-TH, kuposa kawiri monga malo ndi ziwembu, poyelekeza ndi zaka makumi awiri.

Panali dongosolo lolozeka, chimene kuwunika zinachitikadi kudziwa malipiro chiwombolo, ngongole. Panali mangawa pachaka. Iwo anaikidwa mu ndinapatsidwa chigulitsire wamba gawo. Rents kuti analandira mwininyumba. Kusiya-capitalized peresenti asanu. Kuchokera kuchuluka masamu likulu peresenti makumi asanu ndi atatu (ngati zonse kupeza kuika mlimi), kapena makumi asanu (ngati kuthi mlimi yafupika gawo) anaperekedwa kwa eni malo a.

peresenti asanu a malipirowo pachaka theka peresenti anapatsidwa boma kuphimba ndalama za bungwe ndi khalidwe la opaleshoni, otsala asanu ndi theka peresenti anapita kulipira chidwi pa sheya wosindikiza mwininyumba, komanso ngati alipire ngongole.

Chiyembekezo chakuti ya malipiro chiwombolo chinachitika mu 1907, ngakhale zinakonzedwa mu 1932. kuchotsa oyambirira ntchito chifukwa cha chiyambi cha ku Stolypin agrarian kusintha, komanso mphamvu ya zochitika za 1905.