A mwachidule mbiri ya chitukuko cha magetsi

Mbiri ya chitukuko cha magetsi kunayamba 1870, pamene anatulukira ndi incandescent nyali anapereka kuwala mwa njira ya magetsi. Mbiri ya chitukuko magetsi inawadutsa anayamba kale kwambiri, pamene wotchuka wasayansi Volta zatsopano zinachititsa chilengedwe cha batire ndi zamchere. Ndi zipangizo oyamba kwambiri kuunikira, amene ankagwira ntchito pa magetsi, analengedwa pachiyambi cha m'ma XIX. Iwo anayesera ntchito pounikira mu misewu, koma iwo anali zodula ndi kovuta.

The kulanda boma wachita injiniya ku Russia Pavel Yablochkov, amene ali December 12, 1876 anatsegula "kandulo magetsi," chomwe ndi thandizo la magetsi wakhala gwero yabwino zowunikira. An younikanso zofunika anakhazikitsa Yablochkov incandescent nyali anatulukira wotchuka American, Thomas Edison. Suja chipangizo mu envelopu wosatsogoleredwa, amene ojambula ndiotetezedwa ku Arc ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni, kotero izo zikhoza kutipatsa chiwalitsiro babu nthawi yaitali. Ndi kuti, mbiri ya magetsi walandira kutsogolera latsopano. October 21, 1879 anaphatikizapo woyamba getsi, amene anatha kuwotcha masiku awiri.

Ndi dzanja kuwala Tomasa Edisona getsi wakhala mankhwala malonda ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiyambi cha m'ma XX. Mu mbiri tsogolo la chitukuko cha magetsi kale anayamba kupita chitsogolo ndi flurry wa ntchito asayansi ndi woyamba iliyonse njira yatsopano ukuimiridwanso msinkhu wina wa chitukuko cha mafakitale kuyatsa.

Mu 1901, Cooper-Hewitt akupanga otsika kuthamanga Mercury nyali.

Mu 1905, msonkhano linapangidwa woyamba Auer amati akayatsa nyale ndi koyilo tungsten.

Mu 1906, wasayansi Kuh anatulukira kuthamanga Mercury nyali.

Mu 1910, iye anapangidwa ndi yojambula zofunika pa kutsegula kiyi wa halogen mkombero.

Mu 1913, Lange zatsopano anasonyeza anthu mpweya odzazidwa chubu, amene analandiranso dzina lake.

Mu 1931 wasayansi anapanga Pirani ndi sodium nyali otsika mavuto.

Mu 1946, Mr Schultz igunda onse nyale xenon.

Mu 1958 kudalowa kukhala nyali halogen.

Mu 1962, woyamba LED ndi wofiira sipekitiramu umuna unakhazikitsidwa.

Mu 1982, dziko anaona otsika-voteji halogen nyali.

Mu 1983, ndi yaying'ono nyali fulorosenti anali anatulukira.

Mu masiku awa mbiri ya magetsi kukuonetsedwa osati mawonekedwe a sayansi patsogolo, komanso mu mawonekedwe a zoyambitsidwa zopezeka mankhwala omaliza a mowa misa. Mu masiku ano kale kukhazikika bwino kuŵeta wa zosiyanasiyana magwero magetsi, kuphatikizapo LEDs, amene alandira kuzindikira chilichonse mbiri. ubwino ndi wautali kwambiri moyo utumiki, mkulu wowala kwambiri, kukula tomwe angathe mbwee kwa ndalama mphamvu. Komabe, pamene ntchito kwambiri LEDs akhoza kudzitama okha mbiri ya chitukuko cha zida zamagetsi.

LED luso mu magetsi posachedwapa ayenera potsiriza kupambana m'malo ake oyenerera. M'tsogolo mpikisano ulamuliro pakati pa kutsogozedwa ndi fulorosenti magwero kuwala. Fulorosenti nyali, umene ndi wotchuka kwambiri kuwala gwero, kukhala malo ake amenewa wolemekezeka Soviet wasayansi SI Vavilov, amene anapereka kutsogolera wamphamvu chitukuko cha kuyatsa ndi kuyatsa analenga maziko a sayansi. Iwo anali akuwatsogolera wakhala anayamba phosphor, limene kusandulika kwa ultraviolet umuna sipekitiramu mu osiyanasiyana, kuoneka bwino ndi diso la munthu. tsogolo labwino ngati akudikira ndi xenon nyale.