Maphunzilo ku United States: msinkhu ndi makhalidwe

Kukula kwa maphunziro mu US anayamba ndi theka zoyambirira za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri. Moyo wa atsamunda amene anafika ku dziko pa nthawi imeneyo linadzaza ndi mavuto ndi maphunziro oyambirira kudzasokonezeka ndithu, koma anayamba kutsegula - zinali ngati sukulu ang'ono ndi mwachilungamo lalikulu malo maphunziro. Mwachitsanzo, odziwika bwino University Harvard anakhazikitsidwa mu 1636.

sekondale ku America makamaka boma, izo zimachokera kudzera ndalama boma, boma ndi makonsolo. Koma mu US dongosolo maphunziro apamwamba lakonzedwa kuti mayunivesite kwambiri ntchito pa maziko kwapadera, chotero iwo amakonda kukopa ophunzira ochokera konsekonse mdziko.

kapangidwe

Malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha mibadwo yosiyana kwa chiyambi cha maphunziro ndi nthawi yake. Pakuti maphunziro a ana mu United States, monga ulamuliro, iwo amayamba ndi zaka zisanu mpaka eyiti, ndipo itha pa zaka ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu kapena khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi. Choyamba ana American kupita kusukulu ya pulaimale ndi kuphunzira kumeneko kufikira kalasi yachisanu kapena chimodzi (malinga ndi chigawo sukulu). Ndiye iwo kulowa sekondale mu akuphunzira itha nambala eyiti. Mkulu, kapena kuposerapo sukulu - ndi chinayi kuti sukulu khumi.

Anyamata ndi atsikana amene alandira maphunziro ku United States, asalowe makoleji. Ataphunzira kwa zaka ziwiri, iwo kupeza digiri, amene ali ofanana ndi maphunziro ntchito ku Russia. Ndipo inu mukhoza kusiya ku koleji kapena ku yunivesite yomweyo zaka zinayi ndi kupeza digiri yoyamba. Tsono ndani angathe kukapitiriza maphunziro awo ngakhale patali ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu kuti digiri mbuye kapena maphunziro.

m'sukulu za pulayimale

Apa amaphunzitsidwa ana a zaka zisanu mpaka zaka khumi kapena khumi ndi ziwiri. Monga mu Russia, anthu onse ophunzitsidwa ndi mphunzitsi wina, kupatulapo music, luso ndi maphunziro thupi. Mwa nkhani kusukulu maphunziro m'gulu masamu (nthawizina - pulayimale ajebura), kulemba, kuwerenga. sayansi Social ndi masoka kusukulu ya pulayimale anaphunzira pang'ono ndi zambiri za mtundu yamderali. Features wa maphunziro ku United States ndi chotero kuti zambiri maphunziro ndizo maulendo, ntchito luso ndi zosangalatsa. mawonekedwe kuphunzira kwachitika chifukwa cha nthenda ya maphunziro mwapang'onopang'ono, amene anaonekera m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, amene anaphunzitsa kuti ana ayenera kulandira chidziwitso mu ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kutanthauzira zotsatira zawo.

sekondale sukulu

Apa, ophunzira akuphunzitsidwa ndi zaka khumi kapena khumi ndi ziwiri khumi ndi zinayi. Aliyense mphunzitsi amaphunzitsa mutu wake. The maphunziro zikuphatikizapo English, masamu, sayansi chikhalidwe ndi zachilengedwe, maphunziro thupi. Komanso, ana akhoza mosadalira kusankha mmodzi kapena awiri kuphunzira kalasi nokha, monga ulamuliro, zinthu za luso, zilankhulo ndi umisiri.

Kusekondale, ophunzira kuyamba kugawa mu mitsinje: wamba ndi zapamwamba. Bwino ana sukulu amasonkhana mu makalasi "aulemu" imene zinthu zonse uli wachangu ndi kuchuluka amafuna maphunziro. Tsopano, iye anadzudzula sukulu mu United States: Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kulekana kwa opambana mkulu ndi ophunzira akuchedwa sapereka chingatilimbikitse kuti yotsirizira kuti andipeze.

sekondale

Ichi ndi chomaliza sekondale, kuphatikizapo maphunziro chinayi kuti sukulu khumi. Kusekondale, ophunzira amapatsidwa ufulu wambiri kusankha nkhani kuphunzira. amafuna osachepera anapereka bolodi sukulu Amawapatsa chopezera dipuloma.

maphunziro apamwamba mu United States

Dziko ali pafupifupi 4500 mabungwe a maphunziro apamwamba. maperesenti oposa makumi asanu ophunzira kusankha maphunziro pulogalamu zisanu ndi chimodzi (Bachelor + Master). Maphunzilo ku United States chaka kulandira kuposa theka miliyoni ophunzira ochokera mayiko akunja, oposa theka la iwo ndi nthumwi za mayiko Asian. mtengo wa maphunziro zikuchulukirachulukira chaka chilichonse, ndipo inakwaniritsidwa mayunivesite onse a boma ndi ena. Kwa chaka kuphunzira n'kofunika kufalitsa kwa madola asanu ndi zikwi makumi anayi (malingana ndi bungwe la). Komabe, ophunzira amapeza ndalama zochepa mayunivesite ambiri amalipira maphunziro wopatsa. Polankhula ku America zambiri mabungwe onse maphunziro apamwamba amatchedwa makoleji, ngakhale kwenikweni si koleji, ndi yunivesite.

mitundu ya mabungwe maphunziro apamwamba

maphunziro apamwamba mu United States akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu itatu. sukulu amasiyana makamaka m'mlengalenga ndi chiwerengero cha ana. College ya University chifukwa analibe / pamaso pa mapulogalamu kafukufuku maphunziro.

Makoleji zambiri amapezeka kuphunzira wophunzira ndi ntchito za sayansi ndi singathe mapulogalamu ophunzitsa. Monga ulamuliro, anthu makoleji kuti amafuna digiri ya zaka zinayi, ali payekha ndi yaing'ono (amatenga ophunzira zikwi ziwiri). Ngakhale chachikulu State College kwa anthu aluso wamng'ono apangidwa zisakuyenda bwino. M'malamulo a US m'masukulu amenewa angalembetse yokhazikika ya m'dera limene iwo ili, koma kwenikweni fanolo zovuta. Chifukwa masukulu osiyanasiyana mfundo osiyana maphunziro, makoleji kwenikweni kukhulupirira chizindikiro cha ophunzira ndi kupereka mayeso awo kwa iwo.

mayunivesite onse a dziko, nayenso, agawanika pa mayunivesite boma ndi ndalama zolipirira ndi boma ndi mabungwe payekha. Choncho kutchuka woyamba penapake wolephera otsiriza. Cholinga mayunivesite boma - kuphunzitsa ophunzira dera lawo, ndipo achinyamata ku madera ena anakhazikitsa mpikisano, ndi iwo ayenera kulipira chinawonjezeka chindapusa tuition. Ku mayunivesite awa ndi maphunziro apamwamba ochokera zambiri akuvutika chifukwa cha magulu waukulu kwambiri, bureaucracy ndi kusowa kwa thandizo la aphunzitsi ophunzira. Koma ngakhale, amishonale ambiri sekondale ndipo ngakhale ntchito yachilendo pofuna kuphunzira mu United States nkhosa kuti boma mayunivesite abwino, kuphatikizapo Michigan ndi Virginia, komanso yunivesite ya California ku Berkeley.

Pakuti mabungwe payekha maphunziro apamwamba a mayunivesite otchuka American chamtendere, Stanford, Harvard, Princeton, MIT, Yale, California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Ambiri mayunivesite payekha - kukula sing'anga, koma pali ochepa kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, Caltech) ndi lalikulu kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, University of Southern California).

The Education US

maphunziro apamwamba mu United States ndi imodzi yabwino ku dziko. Ambiri, mlingo wa lolemba la America ukufika peresenti 99. Malinga ndi kafukufuku mu 2011, peresenti 86 achinyamata a zaka zapakati pa zaka makumi awiri ndi asanu maphunziro awo oyamba (sukulu + zaka ziwiri kukoleji), ndi 30 peresenti - digiri yoyamba (zaka zinayi sukulu + koleji kapena ku yunivesite).

Mosiyana ndi bwino mabungwe maphunziro sekondale ku United States akukumana angapo mavuto. Monga United States Mlembi wa Education, dongosolo sukulu mu dziko tsopano stagnation ndipo sangathe kupikisana ndi mayiko ena ambiri. Pafupifupi 25 peresenti ophunzira American mukhoza kumaliza maphunziro awo pa nthawi, chifukwa zilibe kupirira mayeso omaliza.

pomaliza

Ngakhale angapo mavuto m'dongosolo US wa maphunziro wakhazikitsa wokha ngati mmodzi wa abwino kwambiri mu dziko. Zikwizikwi chaka chilichonse ku United States ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi cholinga chimodzi chokha - kuphunzira mu makoleji American ndi yunivesite. Mu US mabungwe maphunziro apamwamba kuposa boma lina lililonse. Koma mayunivesite monga Harvard, Stanford, Cambridge, Princeton, akhala n'chimodzimodzi ndi mlingo maphunziro apamwamba padziko lonse. Anthu amene anamaliza iwo, ndi mwayi uliwonse m'tsogolo kumanga ntchito yapamwamba.