Smolensk chithunzi cha Amayi a Mulungu "Hodegetria": history, tanthauzo. Kodi chizindikiro cha Virigo "Hodegetria"

Smolensk chithunzi cha Amayi a Mulungu "Hodegetria" mmodzi mwa mitundu iconographic. Ngati inu mukukhulupirira nthano, chizindikirochi linalembedwa kalelo ndi St. Luke. Mu Russia, ndi "Hodegetria" anaonekera kokha m'zaka XI. Only m'zaka XII, inali kudziŵika Smolensk, pamene iye anaikidwa mu mpingo wa Akukwera Smolensk.

chizindikirochi tingapempherere?

Pemphero Smolensk chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu kwa zaka adzalemekezedwa ndi Akristu ambiri ndipo amathandiza amakwaniritsa zozizwitsa zosaneneka. Smolenskaya "Hodegetria" imatengedwa woyang'anira woyera apaulendo, iwo akumupempha kuti awasunge mu njira zinthu zosasangalatsa matenda osiyanasiyana, mavuto mosayembekezereka. Komanso, iye anapemphera mavuto onse, kupempha kuteteza ndiponso kupulumutsa nyumba zanu kwa adani ndi adani. Kuyambira kale, Akristu apempha thandizo ku Smolensk Amayi a Mulungu mu nthawi ya miliri kwambiri.

mtundu chithunzi

Dzina la zithunzi - ndi Smolensk chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu "Hodegetria". Kupanda kutero, icho "Putevoditelnitsa". Sizoti ndi chizindikiro makamaka udindo wa mmodzi wa mitundu ya mabuku nyimbo Marian.

Iconography lagawidwa mitundu yambiri ya mabuku:

• Eleussa - Chikondi.
• Oranta - olambira.
• Hodegetria - Putevoditelnitsa.
• Panachranta - kwachiyero.
• Agiosoritissa (kupatulapo makanda).

M'mawu ena, onse zithunzi Virgin anawagawa m'magulu, omwe ali zake mbali khalidwe la zithunzi kulemba. Kuzindikira chizindikiro, muyenera kokha kudziwa danga izo zikusonyeza nkhope ya Khristu Mwana ndi amayi a Mulungu.

Khalidwe chizindikirochi "Hodegetria"? Apa, chifaniziro cha Mwana pang'ono chosonyeza chifaniziro cha amayi. Khristu kapena iye ali pa manja ake, kapena waima pafupi. Dzanja lamanja akugwira Khristu Mwana, anakulira manja a dalitso. Ndi dzanja lake lina iye ali ndi buku kapena mpukutu chosonyeza Chilamulo cha Mulungu. Limodzi mfundo monga chifukwa chimene chizindikiro cha dzina lake "Putevoditelnitsey": Wasonyeza wokhulupirira kuti njira yoyenera - njira Khristu. mfundo Virgin dzanja Baby monga "Choonadi, Way moyo" imene Akhristu onse ayenera kupempha pofuna kuthawa.

Kufotokozera za chizindikiro wakale

Malinga ndi Mpingo mwambo zozizwitsa mafano a Dona Wathu Smolensk olembedwa pa moyo padziko lapansi mwa Namwali Mariya. A mwaluso analengedwa ndi Mlaliki Woyera Luke. Ntchito analamula Teofilo - wakale Antiokeya wolamulira. Ku Antiokeya chizindikirochi anali naye ku Yerusalemu, ndipo kenako Mfumukazi Evdokia anapereka mlongo wake Pulcheria Mfumu mu Constantinople. Apa, chizindikiro kwa nthawi yaitali anali mu mpingo Blachernae.

Board, amene ntchito kulemba mafano, zinthu zambiri zasintha tizivutika ndi nthawi. Tsopano n'zovuta kudziwa kumene zikhale nkhuni. Pakulemera n'lalikulu kwambiri. Amayi a Mulungu umanena kuti m'chiuno. dzanja lamanzere iye kuthandiza Infant Yesu, lamanja tikupumula pa chifuwa chake. Mulungu Infant mu dzanja lake lamanzere chimagwirizanitsa mpukutuwo ndi ufulu zimasonyeza dalitso. Zovala Virgin Mary mdima khofi mtundu, Yesu - mdima wobiriwira ndi golide.

Amene amathandiza Lady?

Mtendere ndi bata m'dziko ndi m'nyumba iliyonse adzathandiza Smolensk chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu "Hodegetria". Mapemphero kwa Virgin, kutetezera anthu amene ali usilikali, aliyense amene anateteza bata la Mama. Kukamupempherera iye, ndipo pa kubuka matenda osiyanasiyana. Kuteteza "Hodegetria" ndipo aliyense amene ali m'njira kuchilango ngozi, kuthandiza kupeza njira yoyenera.

Kumva mapemphero a dziko lapansi, kutithandiza kulalikira kwa mayi wa Mulungu, Mwana wake, kupempha kutikhululukira machimo athu, kupulumutsidwa ku mkwiyo wolungama. Amphamvu mthandizi ndi mtetezi Hodegetria, koma amene amathandiza?

Only bogoboyaschimsya, bogonravnym, kupemphera kumathandiza Amayi a Mulungu, kuteteza ku zosautsa zoopsa ndi zoipa. Osati ndi kuopa Ambuye, wobwerera mmbuyo sadzabwera thandizo la Amayi a Mulungu. Palibe zodabwitsa mu. kusaweruzika kwawo, zochita ochimwa anthu kachiwiri akumupachika chowonadi cha Khristu. Koma kodi mayi kudzakuthandizani adani a mwana wake? Amayi a Mulungu ndi mtundu wa anthu amene alapa, amene akuyandikira kwa Mulungu mwa kulapa, misozi ndi mapemphero kupempha thandizo. Amathandiza Virgin kotero kuti ochimwa, aliyense amene akufuna kukhala pa njira yoyenera, kukonza chiyambi chabe moyo. Iye amasamalira penitents, amene, monga mwana wolowerera, anabwerera ku chikhulupiriro cha Khristu, kuvomereza ndi kupempha chikhululukiro ndi chipulumutso kwa katundu tchimo. Wa anthu omwe safuna kulapa machimo awo, sasamalira moyo sasamala Mariya Namwali Wodalitsidwa.

Smolensk chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Mbiri ya zikamera ku Russia

Kumayambiriro kwa Zakachikwi wachiwiri wa Byzantine Mfumu Constantine IX (1042-1054) anapereka mwana wake mu ukwati okongola Anna Russian Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavich. Wopita iye nadalitsa "Hodegetria" - zozizwitsa mafano. Iye anali limodzi panjira ndi kalonga wa Constantinople kwa Chernigov ukulu. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, choncho anali chizindikiro wotchedwa "Hodegetria", mwachitsanzo Putevoditelnitsey.

Mwana wa Vsevolod Yaroslavich Vladimir Monomah wakhala wamasomphenya, wanzeru ndi zamtendere States nthawi yake. Iye anatchuka kwambiri monga mtendere m'dziko kwawo. Iye sanayembekezere kukakamiza okha padziko lapansi ndipo anatumiza pemphero chithandizo kwa Mariya Namwali Wodalitsidwa, kuti atithandize kutumiza ulamuliro wake m'njira yoyenera. Ndi kulemekeza kwambiri anabweretsa zozizwitsa "Hodegetria" wa Smolensk mu mzinda wa Chernigov. Pali n'kuliika kachisi wa Mfundo za Mariya Namwali Wodalitsidwa, amene anakhazikitsidwa mu 1101. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ndipo ndinalandira "Hodegetria" dzina - ndi Smolensk chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Mothandizidwa ndi Mulungu, Vladimir Monomakh anakwanitsa pogonjetsa akalonga opanduka ndi kukhala mtsogoleri wamkulu mu Russia, kumene iye anakhazikitsa mtendere ndi dongosolo.

Zozizwitsa za chizindikirochi. Mercury ft

zozizwitsa ambiri akhala chizindikirochi ndithu "Hodegetria", koma zedi amati Smolensk kumupulumutsa ku nkhondo ya Chitata. Mu 1239 zinali chizindikiro cha zozizwitsa za Smolensk Amayi a Mulungu opulumutsidwa mzinda ku nkhondo ya mdani. Anthu amadziwa kuti sangathe kusonyeza yoopsa nkhondo ya Chitata ndi mapemphero ochokera pansi pamtima, zopempha za dziko anatembenukira kwa Namwali Mariya. Ine anamva kuchonderera kwawo Great Mkhalapakati. Chitata anasiya sakhala patali ndi mpanda wa mzindawo.

Mu nthawi ya anthu Smolensk kumuwombera anatumikira monga Chisilavo wodzipereka dzina lake Mercury. Iye anasankhidwa kukhala Amayi a Mulungu chipulumutso cha mzinda. Usiku wa November 24 m'kachisi, kumene iye anawapanga Smolensk chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu, anali sexton masomphenya. Lady wathu anaonekera kwa iye ndipo anamuuza pochitika Mercury, kuti zida molimba mtima anayenda mu msasa wa adani ndi kuwononga chimphona chawo chachikulu.

Atamva mawu amenewo kuchokera sexton ndi, Mercury yomweyo anathamangira ku Kachisi. Anagwa asanapange zithunzi woyera ndipo anamva mawu. Lady athu anapempha malangizo komanso Mercury, kotero anawateteza nyumba yake Smolensk kwa mdani. Hero wakhala anachenjeza kuti ndinali pa usiku gulu chimphona waganiza nkhondo ndi mzindawo ndi kuuononga. Mayi wa Mulungu Mwana, ndi kupempha Mulungu kuti amuteteze komanso kuti asiye dziko mbadwa kwa mdani. Khristu mphamvu ya Mercury anali kugonjetsa chimphona, koma ndi chigonjetso pamodzi akumuyembekezera ndi korona wa chikhulupiriro, chomwe chidzachitike kuchokera kwa Khristu wanu.

misozi yachisangalalo anabwera m'maso Mercury, kupemphera mochokera pansi pamtima akuyitanira mphamvu thandizo la Ambuye, iye anapita ku msasa wa adani ndipo anagonjetsa chiphona. Only mphamvu yake yosadziŵika zoyembekezeredwa Chitata pamaso nkhondo. Adani atazunguliridwa Mercury, izo analimbana ndi m'mene adawona patsogolo pa nkhope ndi zosaneneka mphamvu Woyera. Pambuyo yotopetsa nkhondo ngwazi anagona kupuma. Anapulumuka Tartar, powona ogona Mercury, kudula mutu wake.

Ambuye sanalole mdani kusiya thupi kuipitsa ya ofera, adampatsa iye otsiriza a mphamvu yake. Mercury, ngakhale iye akadali moyo, nalowa mu mzinda Ndipo adamtengera mutu wake yodulidwa. Ndi mwayi waukulu, thupi lake anaikidwa m'manda mu mpingo tchalitchi. Mercury komanso canonized. Pokumbukira ft wake amagwiritsa thandizo la Amayi a Mulungu mu dzina ya kupulumutsa mzinda, chaka chilichonse pa tsiku (November 24) kupanga utumiki chiyamiko ndi usiku wonse vigil kutsogolo kwa "Odigitria". The Smolensk Cathedral wa Epiphany akadali kusungidwa nsapato ndi chitsulo Sisaki, amene anali pa Mercury kuti fateful usiku.

Kubera chizindikirochi kuti Moscow

Chitata Mongol goli chiyani zisanathe agonjetsedwa, ndi mdani watsopano latsendereza Russia ku West. Pa kukafika kumadzulo kwa Smolensk wakhala umodzi wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Smolensk chithunzi cha Amayi a Mulungu "Hodegetria" ndipo m'masiku amenewo anali kuwomba patroness ndi mtetezi wa mzindawo.

Kwa kanthawi kochepa mu XIV m'ma Smolensk anabwera pansi kasamalidwe akalonga Chilituyaniya, "Hodegetria" anaonekera pa heterodox.

Koma apa, opulumutsidwa chifanizo cha motsogoleredwa Mulungu. Mwana wa mmodzi wa Chilituyaniya Duke Vitovta Sofiya anakwatira Vasily Dmitrievich (1398-1425), Grand Duke wa Moscow. Ndinabwera ndi iye fano zopatulika za zoyera mwala. Kotero izo zinali mu 1398 Smolensk chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu "Hodegetria" mu Moscow. Iwo anaikidwa mu Cathedral wa Annunciation, lamanja la Makomo Royal.

Moscow anthu yomweyo kumva chisomo wochokera wakale "Hodegetria". Anthu oposa theka zaka, iye ankalambira ulemu ndi Smolensk chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Koma amayi Mulungu wa Mulungu mu nyumba ya ankapita kubwerera Smolensk wanu - mu Mpingo wa Akukwera, kuti kuteteza Orthodox kumeneko, kuponderezedwa akalonga Chilituyaniya ndi amishonale.

Bwererani ku Smolensk

Mu 1456 anabwerera kwawo kwa mafano a Dona Wathu Smolensk. kufunika kwake kwa anthu amene anali kwambiri. anthu onse anali kudikira kubweranso kwake monga chozizwitsa. Ndipo apa mu Moscow kutumiza nthumwi, lotsogoledwa ndi Bishop ake Misael. Iwo kwinaku anafunsa Grand Duke, amene anatumiza Amayi a Mulungu Smolensk kunyumba. Kalonga ndi boyars upo, ndipo kenako kukwaniritsa pempho. Kale "Hodegetria" anapita Smolensk, anawomberedwa ndi mndandanda wake zolondola.

Anthu ambiri anasonkhana mu Mpingo wa Annunciation. Zinali woyamba pemphero odzipereka ndi mapemphero. Banja lonse linasonkhana pa zithunzi kalonga: kalonga, kalonga ndi ana awo - Boris, John ndi Yuri, Andrew pang'ono pa manja ake. Ndi kulemekeza ankalambiranso chizindikirochi. Pambuyo pake, ndi misonzi mu maso ake, Prince Metropolitan kuchotsedwa kachisi ku Kyoto, analipereka ilo kwa manja a Bishop Misael. Anapatsidwa Smolensk ndi zithunzi zina, kamodzi anawatulutsa, ngakhale bishopu sanafunse za iwo. wina chizindikiro Metropolitan okha kuti achoke kwa banja Kalonga - Virigo wosatha ndi Child. Wakhala adalitsidwa ndi banja kalonga. Analandira Kalonga chizindikiro nampsompsona iye.

Pambuyo pake, kumanda anachezera Smolensk chizindikiro kwa agulupa ya Mar Saba, limene lili Field Namwali. Apa ndi anandisankha kukhala msonkhano wotsiriza wa pemphero, kenako chizindikirochi anapita ku Smolensk.

Pa behest wa kalonga kumulola fano anaikidwa mu Mpingo wa Annunciation ndi malo kwa zaka zambiri anali Smolensk chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu "Hodegetria". Tsiku lililonse pali chinakwaniritsidwa pemphero. List anapanga ndi Smolensk mafano, Grand Duke anasiya banja lake.

Mndandanda lenileni la Smolensk chizindikiro anaphedwa 1602. Mu 1666, iye ndi Samueli "Hodegetria" chifukwa kubwezeretsa anawatengera ku Moscow. Mndandanda unakhazikitsidwa Smolensk linga khoma (mu nsanja) pamwamba pa chipata cha Dnieper. Mu 1727 panali anakhazikitsa mpingo matabwa. Mu 1802 iwo anamanga mpingo mwala. Chizindikiro ichi kwa zaka kutetezedwa mzinda kuchokera koipa mavuto ndi ndifotokoze mavuto.

Nkhondo ndi Napoleon mu 1812

Pamene khamu la Napoleon anaukira dziko Russian kuteteza Shrine ku kunyoza, Smolensk Bishop Irenaeus wa njira wakale Greek "Hodegetria" kukanyamula Moscow, kumene iye anali mu Mfundo Cathedral.

Pambuyo asilikali Russian kumanzere Smolensk, mndandanda zozizwitsa "Hodegetria", wopangidwa 1602, unatengedwa ndi iwo naye ku mzinda.

Madzulo a Nkhondo ya Borodino Smolensk chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu anamuthandiza asilikali nacho chidaliro mwa kugonjetsa adani ake, kuuzira amapezerapo mwayi. "Hodegetria" anagwira mwa msasa wa asilikali Russian, asilikali, kuyang'ana, anapempherera ndipo anatenga pa chikhulupiriro ndi mphamvu zauzimu.

Pa tsiku pamene Nkhondo ya Borodino, Smolensk chizindikiro pamodzi ndi ku Spain ndipo Vladimir kunyamulidwa Belgorod, Kremlin makoma ndipo China mzinda, ndiye ananditumiza Lefortovo Palace, kumene ovulala inali. Asanachoke Moscow, chizindikirochi kusamutsidwa kwa yosungirako mu Yaroslavl. Nkhondo itatha, November 5, 1812, iye anabwerera ku Smolensk. Okumbukira anamasulidwa tsiku, mdani chinayamba kukondwerera chaka.

XX atumwi

Zapita zoposa zaka handiredi, ndipo kachiwiri mu Russia litalanda m'derali. The Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ankanena miyoyo ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri Soviet. Iye anayima mu njira ya mdani Smolensk. Ngakhale kuti dziko zinachitikadi propaganda odana ndi chipembedzo, zikwi wokhulupirika, wokhulupirika ntchito dziko lawo, anapempha thandizo kuchokera kumbuyo wake "Hodegetria". Yosaoneka akhaphedza mbumba ya Smolensk chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu "Hodegetria". alikuti Tsopano njira wakale, Sizikudziwika kuyambira ntchito ya Greek "Hodegetria" kumizidwa. Pa malo pomwe ili, akuyimabe mndandanda wa Amayi a Mulungu, m'zaka za m'ma XVII. Kwa zaka zambiri choteteza mzindawo tsoka, nkhondo, chiwonongeko, amadalitsa okhulupirika zinthu zabwino.

Kachiwiri mu Moscow

Pa chiyambi cha February 2015 anali Smolensk chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu "Hodegetria" mwa Khristu Mpulumutsi Cathedral. Pambuyo pa kubwezeretsedwa, yomwe inatenga zaka pafupifupi zitatu, wokhulupirika anali kuona chifaniziro cha "Odigitria" wopanda chimango katundu siliva. Malipiro yolemera makilogalamu 25 anapangidwa mu 1954 pa zopereka za Smolyan. Mu zaka lonse itatha, zopereka katundu kupulumutsa zithunzi angatchedwe thandizo kwambiri la anthu, kotero kukumbukira malipiro kuti adzatetezedwa ndi pamalo Cathedral wa Akukwera payokha.

Icon anakhala mu Moscow mpaka February 10. February 15, atachokako kwa nthawi yaitali izo kachiwiri anakumana ku Smolensk, kusinthidwa kuti anatenga malo ake akale, kuti adzathe kuteteza kwawo wanu.

Ameneyo wakale ndi chidwi mbiri, amene amatidziwa Smolensk chithunzi cha mayi wa Mulungu. Photos kutsimikizira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "mtetezi", onse amuyesa sacramenti wopatulika, kuthandiza okhulupirika phindu mphamvu maganizo ndi kukhulupirira choonadi cha Mwana wa Mulungu.