Mark: Mitundu ya masitampu, collectible chosowa nthawi

Kuchokera pakati pa XIX m'ma mmodzi wa Collectibles zitsulo. Mitundu sukulu zonse anasonyeza ndale komanso moyo, komanso mbiri ya Mail dziko.

Izi zopangidwa osiyana

Poyamba anali rectangle choimirira. Kenako anakhala yopingasa, ndi mafano anakonza mu chowulungika (philatelists mukudziwa zopangidwa monga "diso ng'ombeyo", iwo anali kupanga Brazil). Kuzitsatira, British Guiana, India, Romania, Afghanistan, Russia anayamba chilemba chonse. Patapita kanthawi, England ndi North America anatulukira sitampu lalikulu ndi m'munsi pamwamba. zopangidwa imatchedwanso triangular, hexagonal (Belgium), octagonal (Turkey) mawonekedwe.

Pakuti nthawi zonse kukhalapo anali mawonekedwe ambiri osiyanasiyana a mtunduwu. Mitundu ya masitampu kusonyeza ndingaliro anthu:

• akalumikidzidwa zojambula: mabwalo, diamondi, Triangles, trapezoids, osasamba zojambula mawonekedwe, mabwalo;
• chikufotokoza: faceted diamondi, malire Hrs wa limati, mphungu, mafuta nsanja, wothamanga;
• mtundu wa zipatso zosiyanasiyana: kola, nthochi.

Izi ndi zina mwa zitsanzo chabe za zomwe mawonekedwe akhoza kukhala ndi mtundu.

malipiro wotumizira

Woyamba wotumizira sitampu anaonekera mu London mu 1840. Zinali chithunzi Mfumukazi Victoria pa wakuda maziko kugulitsidwa khobiri limodzi. "Penny Black" - pansi pa dzina ili amadziwika, anthu anapanga izi Roland Hill, mu ntchito positi ofesi wotsatira ku England. Iye anakwaniritsa izi udindo wotumizira sitampu chizindikiro.

Makampani ndi Trade mu Europe zayambika pamene mofulumira ndipo anapempha kuti makalata liwiro utumiki. Voliyumu ya magalimoto makalata kunali kwakukulu, ndi malipiro a ntchito makalata - mkulu. Choncho, anthu olemera okha akasangalala ntchito makalata. Analipira makalata munthuyo.

Mayi Hill kwa nthawi yaitali ntchito pa positi ofesi, kotero kuti ankadziwa za zophophonya izi. Ndipo mutu wake anabwera ndi lingaliro: m'pofunika kuchepetsa ndalama yobereka kalata, ndi kulipira izo ziyenera kukhala sender, amene adzalandire chiphaso cha malipiro a ntchito yaing'ono. Chiphaso Pamilunguyo kalata ndi kuthetseratu chimatha, kuteteza ake kukonzanso ntchito.

Choncho panali masitampu.

Msungidwe opindulitsa

Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwake kudzapereka masitampu tsiku ndinu mmodzi wa Collectibles otchuka. Anamasulidwa mu lalikulu zedi, mugule iwo opanda mavuto. masitolo zapaderazi kupereka kulipilira masitampu, mitengo yomwe kuyambira makumi rubles mpaka madola masauzande ambirimbiri. Choncho tikhoza kuganiza kugula amenewa ndi ndalama wabwino, njira kusunga ndalama.

Kuwonjezera apo, chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe anthu akusonkhanitsa zinthu monga masitampu. Mitundu ya zopangidwa Mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza chidwi ndi msinkhu winawake anthu kwa iwo amawatenga, kupanga zowakomera zokongoletsa.

ukwati wapatali

Philately - ndi opindulitsa kwambiri chizolowezi. Guulu la mtundu uwu Collectibles angathe zonse kupeza zopangidwa mtengo, phindu limene kukula chaka chilichonse. Zikatero amakhala yapadera zopereka. Mu okhometsa kudziwika kwenikweni zodula masitampa, mitengo amene anafotokoza chifukwa chakuti mtundu wa ukwati analoledwa kusindikiza. Zimenezi kwambiri phindu.

Tsopano odziwika padziko lonse pamwamba 10, zomwe zikuphatikizapo mtundu mtengo kwambiri.

Msungidwe opindulitsa

Aganyali masitampu molondola, motetezeka ndi phindu. Nthawi zonse zikufunika kwambiri. Makamaka, ngati yosonyeza kuti mathithi m'gulu la osowa. masitampu osowa - izi ndi zakuti kulili wambiri ena. Kuposa pang'ono, chotero, adzakhala kuposa mtengo wa sitampa.

wapadera Ichi ndi chifukwa woyang'anira zimachititsa osindikiza. Mapepala afika mtundu cholakwika, chimene chikufunika, ndipo tsopano kawirikawiri sitampu ndi wokonzeka. Kapena fano imasindikizidwa mozondoka. Kapena kukula yaikulu. Kapena pamodzi m'mbali mwa mano kumeneko.

Nawa wotchuka masitampu osowa:

• "Perm chizindikiro". Linatulutsidwa mu St. Petersburg mu 1879 pa pepala munali watermark "zisa". Ndiyeno panali chinachake. N'chimodzimodzinso Perm, anakhala maziko a nthano monga mzinda wa sinkagwiritsidwa mtunduwu. Lero, awiri okha makope otere.
• "Tiflis sitampu." Linatuluka mu 1857 mu Tiflis, zimasindikizidwa n'kupanga chikasu ndi woyera pepala la ndalama zisanu. Pali mabaibulo atatu;
• "British Penny Black." Linatulutsidwa mu 1840 ku Britain. The sitandade kwambiri.
• "St. Mauritius". Anamasulidwa mu 1847, lili vuto pa bokosiyo.
• "Woyera Grail". Kawirikawiri chifukwa awiri mabaibulo ndizodziwikiratu.

Mtengo wa zopangidwa izi musakhale zochepa pa nthawi, kutanthauza kuti kugula m'chipani cha philately, munthu kupanga ndalama opindulitsa. Mwachitsanzo aliyense akhale maloto wamba.

mtundu wapatali

Mtengo wa mtundu uliwonse ndi makonzedwe zokwanira. Mtengo mwadzina wa nthawi zambiri ochepa masenti, makobidi, dollars. Wapatali izo zimapangitsa ngati zochitika kapena chilakolako cha munthu kugula kanthu.

The mtundu womwewo ukhoza kugwera m'magulu osiyana, malingana ndi zimene maudindo pa iye. Chosowa nthawi otchulidwa gawo lathali, adzaukitsidwa mu gulu la wapatali, ngati wokhometsa aliyense okonzeka kulipira ndalama iliyonse kuti buku palokha.

The zopangidwa chidali cha dziko angalowe pamwamba 10:

1. "Aspidka", USSR, 1931.
2. "Baden zolakwa mtundu", Baden, 1852.
3. "Basel Nkhunda", Switzerland, mu 1845, chizindikiro chabe.
4. "British Guiana", Guyana, mu 1856, amadziwika mtundu wina.
5. "Khalani Hero!" USSR, 1941.
6. "Bull's diso", Brazil, 1843.
7. "Mutu ng'ombeyo", Moldavia 1858.
8. "Amishonale Hawaii", Hawaii ukulu 1852.
9. "Blue Alexandria", USA 1846, dziko yekha buku.
10. "Blue ndi pinki Mauritius," Mauritius, mu 1847, ndalama $ 15 miliyoni.

mtengo chizolowezi

Pakati pa zopangidwa ambiri kuoneka collectible. Zikatero zambiri imawunikidwa pa mtengo waukulu kwambiri, zomwe mungathe kugula nyumba zingapo. Monga ulamuliro, ichi ndi chosowa kwambiri ndi yokwera mtengo zopangidwa, kale pamwambapa.

Choncho, ngati musankha kuchita kusonkhanitsa ndipo ndikufuna kugula okha chinthu cha mtengo, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ndalama ndalama zambiri.

Kugula masitampu collectible, inunso kulowa bwalo la anthu otchuka kwambiri, kulankhula nawo nthawi zonse chidwi. Choncho, kusonkhanitsa angatchedwe ndi chizolowezi aluntha.

Zosonkhanitsa Soviet philatelists

Philately mu USSR anali wotchuka kwambiri. Pali ambiri zopereka payekha, amene tsopano zimaperekedwa zogulitsa. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu wa Soviet Union ndi okwera mtengo koma chifukwa atawalamula ndi zosakwana chiwerengero cha zopereka okha, ndiye mtengo ndi otsika.

Mtengo wa masitampu wa USSR lero lino: zonse anamasulidwa mu theka lachiwiri la zaka mazana makumi awiri, pafupifupi mtengo wa 5 rubles kabuku wina, ndi mtundu ayenera kukhala wangwiro chikhalidwe ndi wopanda masitampu uliwonse; kale ndalama 10-20 rubles.

zotchipa chifukwa chakuti mfundo deta ndi chaulere pa positi ofesi, makope lalikulu zopangidwa.

mtundu zambiri resold Albums, wopangidwa mwa zidutswa mazana angapo. Mtengo wa totere chinthu si lalikulu kwambiri, Album lakonzedwa kuti cholinga osiyanasiyana: angagwirizanitse kwa mwini wa dziko Collectibles, amayamikira chizolowezi.

Kwambiri mtundu mtengo wa USSR ndi otchedwa "katoni". Izi pepala kachikumbutso kwa aliyense wa Choyamba Onse-Union chionetsero cha philately. Kusindikizidwa pa chinsalu cha masitampu anayi, ena ndi mawu "zabwino drummer". Wapatali izi mapepala zitsulo pambuyo mmodzi wa iwo anagulitsidwa pa ogulitsira malonda ku New York kwa $ 766.000 dollars.

ndi chidwi

Mu 1840, dziko anaphunzira za Kutulukira mtunduwu. Mitundu zopangidwa kuchokera zambiri, koma iwo amagwirizana ndi chinthu chimodzi - ndi chizindikiro cha wotumizira. Philatelist amatanthauza "wokonda masitampa".

zikwangwani za ndalama 10, 20, masenti 30 anaonekera mu Russia mu 1858, patapita apilo m'gulu mapositi khadi, kuti ndi Makalata amene si losindikizidwa. Woyamba Soviet mtundu chimakamba za chionetsero ulimi.

ulamuliro wolemekezeka zopangidwa yonse ya anthu onse - osati kusonyeza kuti iwo akadali moyo. Koma lamulo limeneli siligwira ntchito kwa philately la Soviet Union.