Matanthauzo ofanana ndi mawu ndi kumasulira

Kusinthidwa kwa malemba kumathandiza kwambiri pakukula kwa anthu. Ndi chithandizo chake, anthu amadziwa za chikhalidwe cha mayiko ena, akugwirizana ndi mayiko apadziko lonse, amapereka sayansi ndi chidziwitso china chirichonse.

Chinthu chachikulu mukutanthauzira malemba ndi, mwachibadwa, womasulira. Udindo wake ndi wofunikira. Ndichifukwa chake anthu a ntchitoyi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Wowamasulira wabwino sayenera kungodziwa bwinobwino zigawo zonse za chinenerocho. Iye akuyenera kudziwa zikhalidwe za chikhalidwe cha dziko, malo ake, mbiri, chuma, ndale. Popanda kudziwa zinthu zomwe dziko likumasuliridwa kuchokera m'chinenero chawo, sikutheka kufotokoza molondola komanso molongosola maonekedwe a malembawo.

Chovuta kwambiri ndikutembenuza mawu osagwirizana, mwachitsanzo, Zigawo zachinenero zimenezo zomwe ziribe makalata m'zinenero zina. Tsatanetsatane yoperekedwa ku lingaliro limeneli ndi Vereshchagin ndi Kostomarov akuti mawu omwewo ndi mawu omwe tanthauzo lake silingakhoze kufanikizidwa ndi lingaliro laling'ono lomwe liripo m'zinenero zina.

Mwachibadwa, choyamba, mawu amatanthawuza zachindunji chomwe chimapereka malingaliro enieni, zenizeni ndi zochitika zomwe sizipezeka m'mayiko ena kapena anthu ena.

Moyo weniweni umaphatikizapo zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku, miyambo, njira zomwe siziripo kwa anthu ena. Mawu akuti "Sakura", "Satsivi", "Perestroika" ndi zitsanzo za mawu osanjikiza omwe akatswiri amatcha "lexicon yosiyana".

Lingaliroli likuphatikizapo mbiriyakale, mawu omwe ataya kufunikira kwawo, chifukwa zinthu kapena zozizwitsa zimene iwo adazitcha zimawonekera. Izi zikuphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, "Armenian", "nyanga", "scimitar", ndi zina zotero.

Kodi mungathetse bwanji mavuto otanthauzira? Pali njira zingapo zothetsera vutoli.

• Kusindikiza kapena kujambula kwa mawu achilendo mothandizidwa ndi ndondomeko yoyenerera ya chinenero cholandirira. Izi ndizomwe mungaphatikizepo mawu a chilankhulo chimodzi ku chimzake ndi momwe angatetezere chithunzi chawo.
• Kutanthauzira kapena kutanthauzira kusuntha kwa zizindikiro (kapena zizindikiro za zizindikiro) za kalata imodzi mothandizidwa ndi wina. Pachifukwa ichi, kutanthauzira "chizindikiro cholembera" n'kotheka, kupatsirana kwa dongosolo lonse la zizindikiro ndi khalidwe limodzi kapena mosiyana. Nthawi zina zizindikiro zonse za chinenero chololedwa zimayenera kufotokoza ndondomeko imodzi ya malemba.
• Kusindikiza kwa hypo-hyperonimic, i.e. Kutembenuzidwa kwa mawu ofanana, kulingalira za mitundu ndi mau a chiyanjano. Mwachidule, kutanthauzira kwa mtundu umenewu kumakhala kusankhidwa kwapafupi, ngakhale kuti sikutanthauza tanthauzo lofanana, lofotokozera. Perifraz ikhoza kufotokoza, kufotokoza, kufotokoza, ndi kugwedezeka.

Chimodzimodzi lexicon imakongoletsedwa ndi zilankhulo zina, chifukwa mwina nkovuta kufotokoza makhalidwe a chikhalidwe cha wina. Izi zikutanthawuza ku Russian "Perestroika", Chingerezi "Nyumba yamalamulo", Chiyukireniya "anthu am'mudzi".

Koma mawu ofanana nawo sizowona chabe komanso mbiri yakale. Mawu ena m'zilankhulo zosiyana ndi ofanana ndi mawu awo, omwe ayenera kuwerengedwera pakumasulira. Mwachitsanzo, mu Chingerezi mawu akuti "msungwana" amatanthauza "msungwana" ndi "mtsikana". Zikuwoneka kuti mu Chirasha malingaliro awa ali ndi semantics yosiyana.

Kuvuta kwa kumasulira nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa chigawo choyambirira cha tanthawuzo la mawuwo. Choncho, ngati "dzuwa" la Chirasha lili ndi chidziwitso chosagwirizana ndi maganizo, ndiye kuti Tajik "yatop", chifukwa cha kutenthedwa kwa nyengo, imapereka chigawo cholakwika, kutanthauzira mawu akuti "kuwotcha", "kuwotchedwa".

Imodzi mwa mavuto aakulu ndikutembenuza kwa phraseological mayunitsi. Mawu ofotokozera adasinthika mothandizidwa ndi malingaliro apamwamba, maonekedwe a dziko, miyambo ya chikhalidwe. Ndicho chifukwa chake womasulira ayenera kudziwa bwino bwino osati masankhulidwe ophiphiritsira a chinenero chosankhidwa, komanso mbiri, chikhalidwe cha anthu onse.