Matenda a mkazi. Human Anatomy (Biology, kalasi 8)

Kodi ziwalo m'thupi, momwe iwo ntchito ndi angamulambirire dongosolo ayenera kudziwa aliyense ophunzira. N'chifukwa chake kuphunzira thunthu anthu ku sukulu benchi.

Ndipotu mfundo za zimachititsa chilumbachi (ie malo ziwalo mkati) kwambiri. Ngakhale kumvetsa chimene chimayambitsa ululu komanso thupi zopweteka, m'pofunika kudziwa.

Anthu thunthu mu sukulu

Lingaliro yoyamba ya zimachititsa chilumbachi ziwalo ndi kachitidwe kawo ndi pa siteji koyamba za maphunziro, mu sitandade 4 (makalasi "kunja dziko"). Komabe, zambiri ndi mokwanira mfundo zokhudza kapangidwe thupi la munthu anasamukira ku m'badwo amazindikira - 8 kalasi.

Zisadachitike izi anyamata kale kufufuza kapangidwe ka zomera ndi nyama, kotero thunthu phunziro kudzakhala kosavuta kuphunzira, ngakhale kuipidwa, chuma m'zigawozigawo pa kapangidwe anthu.

chilango Izi zikuphatikizapo mfundo zambiri terminological kuti ziyenera chosakanikirana ndi ana zonse chaka. Komanso mabuku sayansi zimenezi sizingatheke popanda AIDS okwanira kuphunzitsa, makamaka momveka.

Muyenera kukhala tebulo lino, ulaliki Wopanda kapena Zojambula zokambirana ndi zithunzi (ndi bwino - zonse pamodzi mu zovuta za). Kaswili Phunziro N'zosatheka ilo, monga izo zikhoza bwino ndi kuyang'ana bwino. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa thematic dongosolo kukonzekera mwambo, ogwira ntchito ndi kufunika kwa kachitidwe kugonana ndi excretory. Mwachitsanzo, chakumapeto kwa chaka sukulu pamene ana kukula msinkhu ndi mungathe mokwanira kuzindikira zinthu khalidwe lolinganiza wayamba kuphunzira thunthu, amuna ndi akazi. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa akazi, monga n'zokhudza kwambiri m'thupi - pakati komanso pobereka, ndi mwana wosabadwayo embryogenesis.

Makamaka kuphunzira thunthu wamkazi

Kwa chaka maphunziro anaphunzira thunthu la munthu. Akazi m'magulu monga momwe anthu, tikaonetsetsa magazi kupuma, excretory ndi mantha kachitidwe, GNI, analyzers kusiyana palibe jenda si anapereka. Komabe, pamene izo zifika pa dongosolo la dongosolo genitourinary, iwo ndi zoonekeratu.

Pali mfundo zingapo zazikulu, zomwe zikuphatikizapo thunthu gawo:

1. Kuphunzira kapangidwe ndi ntchito za zopangitsa za mammary.
2. Kuphunzira mafupa a chiuno Mafupa mbali.
3. Kutsegula kwa asilikali a kanthu ndi kapangidwe ka dongosolo wamkazi ubereki monga kunja ndi mkati ziwalo zoberekera.
4. Kuphunzira njira ozungulira mu thupi wamkazi ndi udindo wawo.
5. Umuna, mwana wosabadwayo mapangidwe ndi chitukuko yoopsa pa nthawi yonse ya mimba.
6. Kubereka ndi ontogeny chipatso.

Matenda a mkazi - nkhani zovuta kuzimvetsa, ndithu wapamtima. Koma izo nthawizonse zimayambitsa chidwi chodziwa mu achinyamata. N'chifukwa chake m'pofunika kukhala wokhoza kuteteza ndi kupititsa izo, zabwino ndi momveka ulaliki.

zopangitsa mammary

Awiri lomenyera thupi wamkazi, ndi akunja ndi mbali mkati. Woyamba ndi chikopa thupi la mosiyanasiyana (chonse, peyala woboola pakati, elongated ndi zina zotero). Kulemera ndi buku zingasiyane mu akazi osiyana. Pa lakuthwa mbali medial ya bere ndi nipple - dongosolo wapadera, amene mankhwala akatulutsidwa kunja kwa zopangitsa mkaka - mkaka. Mozungulira ilo encircling mbali shaded - areola, kapena areola. malowa ali mumtundu, potsata mtundu wa akazi ndipo ngati iye anali akubereka. Areola TACHIMATA makwinya chabwino mkati imakhala ndi minofu yosalala ndi yopingasa, sebaceous ndi zopangitsa thukuta. Kudzera nsonga zamabele wake napereka ambiri zopangitsa mammary, ducts awo kutsegula kwa kunja.

The gawo lamkati la chifuwa akazi umaimiridwa ndi izi mayunitsi structural:

• Adipose minofu. Pafupifupi 2/3 ya kulemera chifuwa imagwera pa izo.
• Gawani, wopangidwa mwa lobules ang'onoang'ono. Nyumba zimene zimadzaza mbali yaikulu ya danga mkati mwa chifuwa. Palimodzi apo 20 zidutswa, onse a iwo amizidwa wamba mphambano adipose minofu. Mkati tichipeza alveoli ambiri, mitsempha ya magazi, thovu yotulutsa mkaka. Anakonza radially iliyonse nipple.
• Lymph ndi mitsempha kupereka kotunga mankhwala ake chifuwa, sonyezani mphamvu ya zopangitsa za mammary.
• M'mawere minofu - dongosolo, amene kamadzimamatiza ku chifuwa mwa thupi.

Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa ndi thunthu la bere Cholinga makamaka pa ntchito imodzi - yopanga ndi excretion a mkaka pa ducts chapadera mwa nipple kunja. Mu unyinji imodzi 9 kungakhale apertures kudzera amene lotulukira madzimadzi.

Zimachititsa chilumbachi mammary zopangitsa: ili pa zapambuyo pachifuwa khoma pakati pa 3 ndi 7, ndi m'mphepete, symmetrical wina ndi mzake ndi wachibale ku fupa chapakati. Pakati pa mabere ake ndi nkusani, nagawira iwo.

m'chiuno thunthu la mkazi

Chachikulu kusiyana kwa amuna ndi thunthu wamkazi, ndithudi, osati pakalibe kapena pamaso pa zopangitsa mammary. Ndipotu, yofunika kwambiri ndi ankaimba ndi kapangidwe ka mafupa a chiuno ndi ziwalo zake. Iwo ndi tione.

wamkazi m'chiuno thunthu ukufanizidwa ndi 4 nyumba yaikulu fupa:

• awiri m'chiuno mafupa ;
• sacral;
• coccyx.

Pamodzi, iwo spliced ndi minofu ndi kumathandiza kwambiri pa ndondomeko kubadwa. Ambiri, chionekera osati chabe komanso mbale yaikulu. Malowa ali pamtunda pamwamba chabe woyamba. Majini kuwonjezekeredwa kuti mafupa a chiuno wamkazi ndi onse amuna, koma imakhala ndi kuwala ndi mafupa woonda.

Osaya mbali zitatu mapangidwe zofunika:

• Muzifunsa;
• M'mimbamo;
• linanena bungwe.

Kulowa anapanga maphatikizidwe wa iliac-sacral ndi m'chiuno, obisika fupa, pali masaizi atatu osiyana. m'chiuno M'mimbamo popangidwa ndi gawo lonse ndi yopapatiza. Ndi kumeneko kumene ali ziwalo zikuluzikulu: lamkati kugonana, chikhodzodzo ndi rectum.

Zokolola m'chiuno minofu atseka mapangidwe wapadera - pansi m'chiuno. nyumba imeneyi lili minofu zofunika kwambiri ndi zimagwirira ntchito zofunika, chifukwa ntchito imene ziwalo za m'kati m'chiuno ikuchitikira mkati, si tumbling. Komanso ali zofunika kukankhira mwana wosabadwayo pa ntchito.

Choncho anakonza ndi mafupa a chiuno, ndilo dongosolo waukulu zosiyana wamkazi thunthu. Photos ndi ziwalo wake mkati Tingaone pansipa.

ziwalo zoberekera za thupi wamkazi

Izi zina zazikulu structural mbali:

1. kumaliseche Link (obisika dera lalikulu kapena lalingóno labia, nkongo, khonde, hymen).
2. Internal (kumaliseche, chiberekero, chiberekero, mazira).
3. Mitsemphayi.

Zoberekera uyu dzina lake chifukwa amagwira ntchito ndondomeko ya umuna, mimba ndi chitukuko yoopsa ndi kubadwa. Tiyeni tikambirane mfundo iliyonse chigawo mwatsatanetsatane, timaona cholinga chake ndi dongosolo.

kumaliseche kunja

thunthu Female kumaphatikizapo loyamba ndi bwino kusiyana kunja ndi jenda. Wa maliseche kunja zikuphatikizapo mabere, ndi a kumadera a ziwalo m'chiuno - ndondomeko izi:

1. Pubis. Ndi mapangidwe triangular, yokutidwa ndi tsitsi (mu m'badwo kugonana okhwima), ozikidwa pa dongosolo fupa. Iwo ali otetezedwa wamphamvu wa mafuta kutentha ndi thermoregulation ndi chitetezo zisaonongeke makina. Ntchito: chivundikiro amateteza zakuya atagona matupi kunja.
2. Labia. Khungu makutu m'chilengedwe ongokhala subcutaneous mafuta. Front ndi spikes kumbuyo spliced. Pakati pawo pali kudula ngati mapangidwe otchedwa kusiyana kugonana. Mu dongosolo yomweyo Bartholin England kuti secrete makamaka katulutsidwe zamchere mu nyini. Kunja kwa thupi ali ndi tsitsi.
3. Labia. Ili mkati lalikulu ndi zambiri anakumana ndi mzake, kupanga anatumbula kugonana kutsekedwa. Ntchito, monga anthu yapita, amatiteteza.
4. Clit. Small ozungulira thupi ongokhala misempha plexus ndi capillaries magazi ndi capillaries. tcheru kwambiri, ili patsogolo pa labia yaikuluikulu.
5. khonde. Kapangidwe lomwe lili m'mbuyo pakhomo mwachindunji ku nyini. Ichinso akutsegula njira bartolinievyh zopangitsa, amapita urethral chubu.
6. Hymen - ndi woonda filimu amateteza khomo nyini. Ndi chiwalo cha minofu connective. Ndi dongosolo limene chimapereka ndi wosakhazikika wamkazi thunthu. The ziwalo ndi kunja anasiyanitsidwa ndi thandizo la kusanachitike kugonana choyamba kugonana, pambuyo pa malo hymen kukhala gimenalnye papillae.

Ichi ndi ziwalo zonse ndi kunja kwa ziwalo zoberekera za thupi wamkazi.

ziwalo kugonana

Zikuphatikizapo pang'ono, koma kufunika sangathe n'kofunika. Ndi nyumba awa ntchito mapangidwe ndi gestation, mapangidwe gametes wamkazi ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mwana.

1. Chiberekero. thupi ili ankaona payokha.
2. Nyini. Mbali iyi ndi imodzi mwa zikulu, amene ankaimira thunthu wamkazi. Akulu limba kukhala ndi elongated cylindrical mawonekedwe (chubu) kutalika 10 cm. Walls alimbane ndi multilayer lathyathyathya epithelium, kudzera magazi ndi lymph ziwiya kudyetsedwa ntchofu ku nyini. Zikomo kuti thupi ili nthawi amakhalabe lonyowa. Komanso apa pali microflora yekha, wopangidwa mwa ndodo woboola pakati mabakiteriya, maselo ntchofu. Mwachibadwa, izo zonse kusinthidwa, ndi chimodzi amachotsedwa mu mawonekedwe a precipitates. Iwo malo acidic, yamkaka woyera, translucent mtundu ndi fungo khalidwe. Popeza ukazi khoma minofu, ndi kuti tiwonjezere ndi mgwirizano chimene chili chofunika pamene ndondomeko generic. anapanga waika anayi a thupi gawo chapamwamba chubu. Mbali kutsogolo kwa thupi pafupi chikhodzodzo, ndipo kumbuyo - kwa rectum.
3. Mazira. Wophatikizidwa limba, ndilo zopangitsa endocrine. Ili mbali ya chiberekero. Amakhala medulla ndi, connective minofu lodzala ndi magazi ndi ziwiya lymphatic. Makoma alimbane yokhudza kotekisi wosanjikiza, ndi tunica albuginea ndi epithelium akunja. Mkati mazira kumachitika mapangidwe mwezi wa mazira okhwima. Iwotu mahomoni yeniyeni udindo chitukuko cha makhalidwe sekondale kugonana akazi. Woyembekezera, thumba losunga mazira kubala zinthu zina zoipa.

Nthawi zambiri, ziwalo zonse m'chiuno - ndi yofunika zimasiyanitsa mbali imene ndi thunthu la mkazi. Images, ndiwo zochuluka pano mu zipangizo zosiyanasiyana limati mwatsatanetsatane okwanira molondola kusonyeza dongosolo lawo, zimachititsa chilumbachi.

chiberekero

Akulu dzenje limba triangular mawonekedwe. Amakhala mbali zitatu:

• fundal (m'munsi gawo la makona ya, tapering ku maziko a);
• Korinto;
• khosi.

Matenda a chiberekero mkazi akulingalira monga thupi chachikulu kubereka ana ndi gestation. Kapangidwe yokha wapangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo selo ndi: ndi mucosa, minofu, ndi pafupifupi mkati serous chophimba chiberekero kudzalekanitsa izo pa gawo peritoneal.

Uterine khomo pachibelekeropo kungathandize kwambiri kuteteza nkhani za thupi ku nyini tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa lili pa mphambano ya nyumba ziwiri izi. Iwo ukufanizidwa ndi chubu yaing'ono, wodzazidwa ndi ntchofu, amene kumathandiza malowedwe a zinthu zoipa ndi zamoyo.

Chiberekero - awiri mapangidwe anakafika ku mphambano za chiberekero. Popangidwa ndi zigawo mofanana chiberekero. kutalika - 12 cm.

Mitsemphayi - dongosolo wapadera, amene akutumikira kuthandiza chiberekero ndi thumba losunga mazira. Amakhala mitolo zotsatirazi:

• amapasa chonse;
• mwini yamchiberekero mitsempha;
• voronkotazovye;
• lonse.

Pamodzi, nyumba izi kupanga malo khola la chiberekero ndi thumba losunga mazira.

msambo

Zimenezi mobwerezabwereza mwezi follicle mapangidwe, kukhala linanena bungwe kunja pamodzi ndi magazi ndi akufa particles, maselo ndi tizilombo.

mkombero lakonzedwa kukonzekera thupi wamkazi pakati komanso pobereka. Pali njira zovuta limodzi ndi elaboration mahomoni yeniyeni.

pregnancy

Matenda a mkazi wapakati amasintha kwambiri. Pambuyo pa zipatso zonse akufotokozera mu chiberekero, amakula. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kukakamiza zina ziwalo mkati ndi, monga Motero, kumabweretsa za kusintha kwa malo. Chiwindi pafupifupi ofukula udindo, wotsogoleredwa pamodzi chiberekero. Pa rectum, mavuto amene zimayambitsa kudzimbidwa mu akazi. chifundamtima wakwezedwa ndipo anakonza malo ichi, chimene amapereka maganizo zikayamba ndi kupuma movutikira.

Komabe, chikhalidwe amapereka mbali zonse za kusintha, choncho mumaganiza awa ali ponseponse. Nthawi ya bere ndi masabata 40. Ndondomeko yoperekera ndi zovuta, imene mwana umadutsa kubadwa ngalande mutu pansi. nthawi The zingasiyane malingana ndi makhalidwe munthu wa thupi wamkazi.