Wambiri Aristotle mwachidule za nzeru zapamwamba wakale Greek

Aristotle - ndi nzeru zapamwamba chachikulu cha Greece wakale, amene anayambitsa sukulu Peripatetic, sikolala. Wophunzira wokondedwa wa Plato ndi Mlangizi wa mtsogoleri wamkulu Aleksandra Makedonskogo - ndi Aristotle.

Wambiri mwachidule ana: pa zaka zoyambilira

Mu 384 BC. e. mu Stagira, mzinda Greek pafupi ndi phiri la Athos, Aristotle anabadwa - mmodzi wa nzeru ena chachikulu munthawi zonse.

Makolo a wasayansi m'tsogolo, amene mChipangano Stagirite zinachokera mfulu. Nicomachus, bambo a wasayansi m'tsogolo, dokotala cholowa, anali bwalo dokotala ndiponso kuphunzitsa m'malo ndizosowa wake luso mankhwala ndi nzeru za pa nthawi imeneyo limodzi kwa mankhwalawo. Aristotle ubwana anali kugwirizana ndi bwalo Chimakedoniya, adadziwa anzawo wake, mwana wa mfumu Amyntas III wa Filipo.

Aristotle anali amasiye ngati mwana ndi anakulira tidzakulowereni wachibale. Last anamuyika paphewa nkhawa za mnyamata, anathandiza maphunziro, mwamphamvu analimbikitsa chidwi wachinyamata, anakhala ndalama kugula buku ndi nthawi kuti mtengo kwambiri, pafupifupi mwanaalirenji. Woyanjidwa ndalama chotero boma otsalira pambuyo pa imfa ya makolo ake. Wambiri ya Aristotle, mwachidule zomwe ndi chidwi chenicheni mwa achinyamata ambiri, indetu Mzimu amalemekeza kwambiri munthu atawatulutsa paphewa udindo maphunziro a anthu ena amene ali ndi chidwi ndi tsogolo yabwino a dziko lawo.

Plato ndi bwenzi langa

Wambiri Aristotle mwachidule limatiuza mmene kuphunzira nzeru mu 367 BC. e. Aristotle anasamukira ku Athens, kumene anakhala zaka makumi awiri. The wotchuka Greek mzinda mnyamata apprenticed kuti sukulu za titsegulireni kwambiri Plato. Mlangizi Atchule ndi wanzeru waluntha ulemu wophunzira, anayamba kuonetsetsa mwa ana ena.

Aristotle anayamba pang'onopang'ono kuphwera ku maganizo mphunzitsi ndi malingaliro kumanga pa worldview zawo. Si zosangalatsa Plato, koma kusiyana maganizo analibe mphamvu pa ubale pakati pa a geniuses awiri. Ambiri mwa malingaliro a maganizo awiri osiyana kwambiri ndi chiphunzitso cha malingaliro, chimene amakhulupirira kuti Plato, anapanga dziko yovula. Wophunzira wake malingaliro Aristotle zinali kokha akamanena za zochitika chuma, atavala maganizo omwewo. Ponena mkanganowu Aristotle analengeza wotchuka mawu, woomba mu mawonekedwe chidule monga "Plato ndi mnzanga, koma choonadi ndi wokwera mtengo." About zosaneneka kulemekeza Aristotle mphunzitsi wake wokondedwa Plato akhoza ankangoona chakuti mnyamatayo, yemwe anali kale anakhazikitsa dziko-dongosolo, motero zinthu gulu la sukulu yake nzeru zaumunthu, sanachite zimenezi ndi Mlangizi wa moyo.

Wambiri Aristotle mwachidule akulongosola, mu 347 BC. e., pambuyo kuchoka kwa dziko lina la mphunzitsi wamkulu, malo ake ngati mutu wa Academy kuti anali kulamulidwa ndi mphwake Spevsipom. Aristotle, anali m'gulu la zochitika disaffected kuperekedwa, anasiya Athens ndi pa kuyitana kwa wolamulira wankhanza Hermias (wophunzira wa Plato) adenda kumzinda wa Aso, inali ku Asia Minor. Patatha zaka 2 chitsutso yogwira ku Persian goli Hermias anaperekedwa pa mtanda, mogwirizana ndi zimene Aristotle anayenera mopupuluma kusiya Aso. Komanso adathamanga Pythias - wachibale Hermia, amene anadzakhala mkazi nzeru zapamwamba Greek. Pothawirapo angapo wamng'ono anapezeka m'tauni ya Mytilene (Lesbos Island). Ndi apa kuti Aristotle anafunsidwa kuti awathandize bwinobwino Mwana wa Filipo - Alexander, pa nthawi 13 wazaka.

About mwana wa Aristotle

Wambiri Aristotle mwachidule limasonyeza kuti mphamvu ya nzeru zapamwamba Greek chikhalidwe cha wophunzira wake ndi njira yake ya kaganizidwe, amene kenaka mbiri yake mkulu wamkulu, anali kwambiri.

Aristotle, zopekedwa moderating kukhudzika kwa moyo kuchipatala, anatumiza mnyamata maganizo kwambiri, kudzipereka wolemekezeka chinachititsa kuchita zinthu ndi ulemerero anaika ndi chikondi cha "Iliad" - m'buku la Homer, amene anatsagana ndi moyo wake. Alexander aphunzira chakale, pamene ankalimbikitsa maphunziro a ndale ndi chikhalidwe. Monga mtsogoleri wamng'ono kuwadziwa bwino mabuku, mankhwala ndi nzeru za anthu.

m'munsi sukulu

Wambiri Aristotle imafotokoza mwachidule momwe nzeru zapamwamba Greek, kusiya ndi mphwake Callisthenes Wamkulu mu 335 BC. e. Iye anabwerera ku Athens, kumene iye anayambitsa sukulu ya nzeru Lyceum (sekondale), mwinamwake amatchedwa "Peripatetic" (kuchokera ku "peripatos" - yokutidwa zomera wozungulira bwalo, kuyenda). Iwo yodziwika malo a maphunziro a mphunzitsi kapena unsembe wa ulaliki wa uthenga ndondomeko - kungoyenda mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo. Oyimira a sukulu Peripatetic, pamodzi ndi nzeru za kuchita sayansi osiyana: sayansi, malo, sayansi ya mbiri. Pa makalasi m'mawa, amatchedwa "akroamaticheskimi", nawo ophunzira ambiri okonzeka masana kumvetsera nzeru zapamwamba kungakhale aliyense.

Nthawiyi mu mbiri nzeru zapamwamba Greek ndi sitepe udindo, chifukwa pa nthawi imeneyi mu ndondomeko ya kafukufuku zachitika zinthu zambiri zofunika ndipo analenga mbali yaikulu kwambiri ntchito makamaka anatsimikiza kupita ku lamanja malangizo chitukuko cha sayansi dziko. M'zaka zimenezi, mkazi wake Pythias anafa. Kachiwiri, Aristotle anakwatira kapolo wake wakale Gerpillide.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Wambiri Aristotle mwachidule ndi momveka bwino zimene nzeru zapamwamba Greek motsindika chinkhoswe dziko la sayansi, anali kutali ndithu kuchotsedwa zochitika zandale, koma pambuyo pa imfa ya Alesandro Wamkulu mu 323 BC. e. mu dziko chizunzo odana Chimakedoniya ndi kupondereza, unakhuthala kumwamba ndi pa mutu nzeru zapamwamba Greek. Aristotle mlandu wonyoza ndi mwano wa milungu, zimene zinachititsa wasayansi ankadziwa kukondera ulendo bwalo, kutumikira ena ophunzira mu Halkida pachilumba cha Euboea, omwe anakhala komaliza malo okhalamo mu moyo wake. 62 wazaka nzeru zapamwamba anamwalira ndi matenda otengera kwa m'mimba. Pa mutu wa Aristotle Lyceum anali m'malo ndi mwana wake yabwino Theophrastus. Rhode wasayansi wamkulu Anapitiriza ndi mwana wake Pifialoy (mwana wa Nicomachus, monga ena mfundo, ngakhale m'zaka za unyamata wake, anaphedwa pankhondo).

Aristotle: yochepa mbiri ndi kutsegula ake

Zikupereka kuganiza kuti Aristotle chachikulu kungokhala ndi munthu nadwala. mawu ake anali kudya ndi zilema: wafilosofi kusakaniza ena phokoso kuti si angasokoneze chopereka chake ndi sayansi.

Ngati nthawi yakale kwambiri, anzeru, Aristotle kupatula nzeru assiduously anaphunzira sayansi zosiyanasiyana ndipo anakhala woyambitsa wa zigawo zingapo: nzeru za apamwamba sayansi, galamala. Amagwiritsidwanso woganiza kwambiri wakhazikitsa angapo mfundo za thunthu ndi zinyama, atalenga nzeru ndi luso ndi chiphunzitso cha ndakatulo. ntchito zofunika kwambiri ndi odziwika a Aristotle ankaona "Ndale", "Metaphysics", "Poetics", "Physics". Greek nthanthi dongosolo wophunzitsa zinakhudza mbali zosiyanasiyana za umunthu komanso padziko lonse mukopedwe chitukuko wotsatira maganizo sayansi.

Mu madera, Aristotle adafotokoza kukhulupirika ndi kukula kwa nyanja. Mu zamoyo, wasayansi anafotokoza mitundu mazana asanu nyama ndi anayambitsa Zoological taxonomy choyamba mu mbiri ya sayansi. Mwa kuphunzira nyama, anawagawa m'magulu 2: yopanda magazi ndi nyama ndi magazi (pa mutu anaika munthu), kuti pafupifupi nafanana ndi maganizo: inakhala ndi invertebrates. Katswiri wa nzeru kwambiri, ankaona bambo wa meteorology (nthawi yoyamba mawu anatchulidwa ndemanga pa zochitika lakumwamba).

Ntchito zonse za Aristotle mpaka ingafikiridwe kotala ya ntchito. Malinga ndi ena mfundo, olemera laibulale nzeru zapamwamba atamwalira ankadutsa Theophrastus ndi ana ake, amene, kukhala anthu osaphunzira, ataunjikidwa mabuku mabokosi ndi kutsekedwa chapansi. Yonyowa pokonza ndi mphutsi anamaliza ntchitoyo.