Matenda opatsirana: mndandanda wa zizindikiro za matendawa, chithandizo, kupewa

Mu zaka za m'ma chatha, anthu lakwaniritsa ena kupambana polimbana ndi matenda ena. Koma kunapezeka, oyambirira kukondwerera nkhondo yake yomaliza pa mliri wa matenda opatsirana. List oposa 1,200 maudindo, ndipo zonse kusinthidwa ndi matenda kumene anapeza.

Kodi kuphunzira matenda opatsirana

Misa matenda kwa munthu kuchokera kalelo. Pali umboni kuti ngakhale 5 m'ma BC Afilosofi ndi madokotala amaganiziridwa kuti kuli ena kakang'ono, maso a zamoyo zimene zingachititse matenda yodziwika ndi kufalikira mofulumira ndi omwalira mkulu. Mu Middle Ages Komabe, maganizo zakuthupi anaiwala, ndi mliri wa matenda misa chifukwa kukayankha chilango Mulungu. Koma kuti odwala akhale akutali, ndi kuwononga zinthu kachilombo, nyumba ndi mitembo, tinkadziwa kale.

Knowledge anasonkhanitsa pang'onopang'ono, ndi pakati pa zaka za m'ma 19 zinali zodzaza ndi kubadwa kwa sayansi ya tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso. Ndiye anali nthumwi lotseguka matenda ambiri tizilombo ta matenda, kolera, mliri, TB ndi ena. matenda opatsirana chiyambire olekanitsidwa mu gulu osiyana.

terminology

Mawu "matendawa" mu Latin amatanthauza "kuipitsa", "matendawa." Monga lingaliro kwachilengedwenso, mawu akunena kwa malowedwe a tosaoneka matenda mu zamoyo apamwamba. Iyi ndi munthu kapena nyama, kapena mbewu. Kenako akuyamba zimachitika pakati ndi bakiteriya ndi machitidwe yaying'ono loyenda, ndithudi, osati kwayekha koma m'mikhalidwe zenizeni zachilengedwe. Izi ndi zovuta kwachilengedwenso ndondomeko, naitana ndizopatsirana. Chifukwa cha ichi macroorganism mogwirizana kapena kwathunthu anamasulidwa tizilomboto, kapena afa. mawonekedwe, amene amadera ndondomeko opatsirana - izi ndi zenizeni nthenda.

Common makhalidwe matenda opatsirana

Za chiyambi cha matenda ndi matenda akhoza kunena, ngati pambuyo msonkhano wa tizilomboto ndi bakiteriya, makamaka anthu, ndi siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo omaliza ntchito moyo, zizindikiro kuoneka ndi kuwonjezeka mu oteteza titer amapezeka mu magazi. Palinso njira zina njira opatsirana: wathanzi chotengera cha HIV pamaso pa chitetezo chokwanira kapena chitetezo chokwanira achilengedwe matenda, matenda aakulu, matenda pang'onopang'ono.

Kuwonjezera chakuti zonse akuyamba ndi nthenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, pali makhalidwe ena ofanana nawo. matenda ndi opatsirana amene amatha kukhala kuchoka munthu amene ali kapena nyama thanzi. Pa zochitika zina, chifukwa angayambitse matenda ndi mliri, mwachitsanzo, misa kufalikira kwa matenda, ndipo ndi loopsa kwambiri kwa anthu.

Komanso, matenda opatsirana mndandanda umene tingaupeze m'bukhu chamankhwala, nthawi zonse zimachitika m'zinthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti intervals nthawi motsatizana akufotokozera ndondomeko matenda panthawi: nthawi makulitsidwe, siteji ya zofunika matenda, pa msinkhu wa matenda, nthawi ya mavuto ndipo potsiriza, nthawi kuchira.

Nthawi makulitsidwe palibe mawonetseredwe matenda komabe alibe. Iye ali wamfupi kusiyana tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pamwamba ndi zambiri mlingo kwake, ndipo osiyanasiyana monga maola angapo ndipo miyezi ingapo kapena zaka. Harbingers ya matenda - ili ndi zizindikiro zambiri, m'malo yosokoneza zomwe akuganiza ina matenda opatsirana kovuta. Chitsanzo pakuti yayikulu mawonetseredwe matenda mu sitepe kutalika kwa matenda. Komanso, matenda ayamba adzafota, koma kwa ena matenda yodziwika ndi musabise.

Khalidwe linanso yeniyeni matenda opatsirana ndi mapangidwe pa matenda m'thupi.

wothandizila opatsirana

wothandizila matenda ndi tizilombo, tizilombo bowa. Mau oyamba zakale tizilomboto pa bwinobwino, msonkhano umodzi wa macro- ndi yaying'ono-chamoyo sikokwanira. Amafuna kuti akwaniritse zinthu zina. Chofunika kwambiri ndi boma lenileni wa bakiteriya ndi machitidwe ake chitetezo.

zambiri A zimadalira pathogenicity wa tizilomboto lapansi. Amaonekera ndi mlingo wa virulence (virulence) wa bakiteriya ndi, toxigenic ake (Aka - kubereka poizoni) ndi ndewu. mmene chilengedwe nawonso amathandiza chachikulu.

Gulu la matenda

Choyamba, matenda opatsirana akhoza bungwe malingana tizilomboto lapansi. Ambiri, matenda lakutali tizilombo toyambitsa ndi mafangasi. Payokha olekanitsidwa chlamydial, mycoplasmal, rickettsial, matenda spirochetal, ngakhale chlamydia ndi mycoplasma ndi rickettsia, ndi spirochetes a chigawo cha mabakiteriya. Mavairasi - izi mwina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ambiri. Komabe, mabakiteriya zingachititse matenda osiyanasiyana. Pakati wotchuka kwambiri - monga zilonda zapakhosi, kakhosi, kolera, mliri, chibayo bakiteriya, TB kafumbata. Ndi matenda a mafangasi matenda, kapena matenda a mafangasi monga candidiasis, tinea, onychomycosis, Zipere.

The matenda ambiri opatsirana ali m'magulu malinga ndi malo a kutanthauzira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zochokera limagwirira awo a HIV, koma nkhawa matenda amene amafalitsidwa kwa anthu. Motero, achira matumbo matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi fecal-m'kamwa njira (matenda astroviral, poliyo, kolera, tayifodi malungo). Pali matenda chapamwamba kupuma thirakiti matenda. The ndondomeko ya matenda amatchedwa droplet (SARS, diphtheria, fever, chimfine). matenda opatsirana amatha localize mu magazi ndi opatsirana tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, ndipo chamankhwala. Tikuyankhula zokhudza majakisoni ndi magazi. Zikuphatikizapo chiwindi B, mliri, Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi. Palinso matenda kunja okhudza khungu ndi mucosa ndi kudzera mwa kukhudzana.

Mu zamoyo wa mtundu uliwonse wa wothandizila opatsirana kulimbitsa atrium ake. Choncho, ambiri tizilombo atagonjetsa mwa nembanemba mucous pa mundawo kupuma, ena - kudzera thirakiti m'mimba thirakiti zoberekera. Komabe nthawi zina kuti tizilomboto yomweyo amatha kulowa m'thupi la munthu nthawi yomweyo m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, matenda a chiwindi B kamafalikira kudzera magazi, kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana ndi kukhudzana.

Koma magwero a matenda a anthroponoses kusiyanitsa ngati matenda umabwera kuchokera kwa mwamuna, ndipo zoonoses, pamene nyama ali ndi matenda. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti wothandizila zoonotic pokhudzana ndi thupi m'tsogolo chilengedwe sizidzachitidwa, kotero mphamvu ya matenda zoonotic kwambiri m'munsi kuposa anthroponoses. Zoonoses monga matenda brucellosis, botulism, mliri, tularemia, matenda a chiwewe, tizilombo ta matenda, phazi ndi matenda mkamwa, kafumbata. Pakuti zoonoses khalidwe, monga ulamuliro, angapo njira HIV.

Pali atatu malo aakulu kwambiri a matenda opatsirana. Ndi thupi la munthu, nyama ndi chilengedwe zopanda moyo - nthaka ndi madzi.

Zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana

Zizindikiro Common matenda opatsirana monga malaise, mutu, pallor, kuzizira, kupweteka, kutentha thupi, nthawizina - kunyansidwa komanso kusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba. Kuwonjezera ambiri, pali zizindikiro zimene yeniyeni kuti matenda chimodzi. Mwachitsanzo, pamene totupa matenda meningococcal ndi omveka bwino.

diagnostics

Koma matenda, izo ziyenera kuchokera kuphunzira mokwanira ndi mabuku a wodwalayo. phunziro kumaphatikizapo zambiri ndi mabuku kafukufuku ziwalo ndi machitidwe loyang'anira ndi kusanthula zotsatira zofunika zasayansi. matenda oyambirira a matenda ndi mavuto ena, koma ndi zofunika kwambiri chifukwa yake chithandizo chokwanira wodwalayo komanso gulu la zodzitetezera.

chithandizo

Mankhwalawa matenda monga matenda, zomwe mungalembe kotero awesomely yaikulu, kuzindikiridwa zingapo. Choyamba, mitsuko kuti cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa ntchito ya tizilomboto ndi neutralization wa poizoni ake. Pakuti ichi cholinga mankhwala, bacteriophages, interferon ndi njira zina.

Kachiwiri, m'pofunika kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo immunomodulatory ndi mavitamini. Chithandizo ayenera kukhala zovuta. Nkofunika kuteteza matenda a makutu ntchito ziwalo ndi machitidwe matenda. Mulimonsemo, mankhwala njira ayenera kuganizira makhalidwe payekha onse wodwala ndipo m'kupita kwa matenda ake.

kupewa

Bwino mudziteteze ndi banja lanu chilichonse monga matenda, zomwe zikuphatikizapo mndandanda wa matenda a chiyambi tizilombo toyambitsa ndi mafangasi ayenera kudziwa miyeso kwaokha, katemera, kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi. Ndipo nthawizina, kuti awapulumutse ku matenda, mwambo zokwanira malamulo chiyambidwe cha ukhondo.