Mbiri ndi mfundo caricature: kodi ndi Agiriki ndi chi caricature?

Caricature (anawamasulira ku Italy) zikutanthauza kusinjirira. Close kwa iwo ndi mtundu wanyimbo ndi caricature, ndi grotesque ndi splint.

Zojambula: ndichiyani?

Art zikusintha, pali latsopano ndi latsopano mwa mawonekedwe ake. Caricature - izo si Kale mtundu wanyimbo kupenta. Art mbiri yakale kudziwa awiri a malingaliro ofunika kwambiri, amene angafotokoze polemba chinenero chimenechi:

1. A chithunzi zoseketsa imene imakhudza oseketsa zimatheka mwa kukokomeza ndipo mukhale mbali zofunika, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zachilendo luso maluso, mafanizo ndi m'mafanizo.

2. mtundu wanyimbo zithunzi, amene m'njira satirical akuyandikira kwambiri Chikhalidwe chathu, ndale zinachitikadi kapena kufotokoza inayake anthu.

Atalandira yankho ku funso lakuti: "zojambula - kutanthauza kuti," kudzakhala chidwi kwambiri kudziwa mbiri ndi chiyambi cha mbali iyi luso. Ndipo anayambitsidwa kalekale.

Caricature kuyambira akale ankaona njira yabwino kwambiri kuwatonza mdani wakeyo, kusonyeza zolakwa zake. Komanso, amasonyeza mavuto enieni a anthu a.

Amadziwika kuti Mfumu Napoleon Bonaparte mwaukali anamuda zojambula kuti m'malo mwake monga nyenyezi yaing'ono lalikulu chipewa ngodya zitatu French. Mikhail Kutuzov mkulu wa asilikali analamulanso kuti chilengedwe cha bokosi lapadera ogwira nawo chilengedwe cha zithunzi, namchitira chipongwe Chikosika.

Zojambula mu chisanadze chosintha Russia

Mu dziko lathu zochita onse atsopano kale kubwera ku Europe. M'zaka za m'ma 19 Russian apamwamba anadziwa ndi mtundu wanyimbo luso, ngati French caricature. Kukula kwa mtundu wanyimbo uyu anali kwambiri imachitika mogwirizana ndi utolankhani. Choyamba asindikizidwe m'nyuzipepala zojambula kwachilendo, ndi pansi iwo anawonjezera kufotokoza zimene otchulidwa zojambula. Kenako kufunika anasaina mbisoweka. kujambula njira akupeza bwino ndipo sanalinso ofunikira kuti apitirize kufotokoza tanthauzo izo amanyamula. Komabe, kufufuza tsarist anasonyeza ziyang'aniridwe pa chitukuko zojambula. kuyang'aniridwa ndi maulamuliro Kodi, sipafunika kufotokoza. chithunzi chilichonse kuti ogwira anachita mantha ndi kuti andale, sikuloledwa kwa kusindikiza. Komabe, kupanga zojambula monga mtundu wanyimbo anali kale wosaletseka. Chithunzi kwambiri lobaya ndi wadutsa kuchokera ku dzanja m'manja, ndipo ngakhale repainted.

Koma boma komanso anayamba caricature. mabuku oopsa ambiri kudzipatula zoseketsa m'madipatimenti tsamba lonse. Nthawi zambiri caricatures sanali bwanji kukanikiza mavuto ndiponso ndale, ndi ankaimira ojambula zithunzi zinalephereka, amalonda ang'ono ndi ogwira thieving. Kulinso zojambula wotchuka kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zachabe chimake miseche zambiri analibe sizinatheke. Choncho, caricatures akazi sangathenso mabwalo akuchitira, anabweretsa zambiri otsiriza a nazo.

Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 19 anafika woyamba Russian magazini Zotengera "Jumble" ndi amene akufalitsa nyumba ya wojambula wotchuka Nevakhovich, chomwe nthawi zambiri yokha analenga zojambula zipinda.

A zojambula mu USSR

Mu Soviet Union muzochitika zones za moyo, kuphatikizapo luso, anali subordinated kuti cholinga chimodzi - kukamenyana ndi adani kunja, bizinesi ndi ndalama makhalidwe a kumanga sosholisimu. Nkhani yaikulu kwa zojambula anakhala kuledzera, ulesi, parasitism, hooliganism. makhalidwe amenewa mwamphamvu kusekedwa magazini otchuka ndi manyuzipepala. Koma, monga mwa ulamuliro uliwonse opondereza panali ndi malangizo a zojambula za mobisa. nkhanza, kufufuza, mwankhanza a Akuluakulu a ndi kupanda ungwiro kwa dongosolo latsopano ndale Kodi - awa ndi mafunso kuti ojambula zithunzi ndayesera kuyankha mothandizidwa ndi zojambula caustic.

zojambula zamakono

Pambuyo Soviet Union linagwa, Tinaleka ndi zonse kufufuza. Tsopano pafupifupi ulusi onse chatsegulidwa. Koma wotchuka kwambiri anali zojambula zandale. Caricatures akuluakulu amakono ndi kanjedza onse adzaza zonse atolankhani. Ankasangalala kwambiri aluso odious chithunzi Vladimira Zhirinovskogo. Komanso anasolola zojambula kwa nkhani zina zatsopano: zigawenga, oligarchs, maganizo atsopano pa kulimbana ndale. Tsopano angapezeke pa Intaneti.

zojambula Museum

Aliyense mtundu wanyimbo luso ayenera kuthera chionetsero ake payekha. Kotero, "The panyengo makwerero" Museum nthabwala chinamasulidwa mu Voronezh mu 2011. tate wake unali wotchuka cartoonist Ivan Anchukov. Mu nyumbayi pali okhazikika zisudzo, ndipo khoma limene kuika ntchito aliyense achinyamata ndi luso ojambula zithunzi. M'tsogolo, I. Anchukov akufuna kutsegula zojambula sukulu. Museum alendo mukufuna miyala, chimene chikutsimikizira zojambula ku Nthawi osiyana, posters, zizindikiro zoseketsa msewu, T-malaya ndi t-malaya ndi zithunzi zoseketsa, oseketsa makadi moni, komanso zina zachidule wolemba wapadera kwambiri. Museum Mlengi pakati ndi zomwe zagwiridwa ndi chessboard choyambirira ndi caricature pa izo.